scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide induces recurrence of arthritis in rat joints previously injured by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Stimpson ◽  
R E Esser ◽  
P B Carter ◽  
R B Sartor ◽  
W J Cromartie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Group A

Rat ankle joints injected intraarticularly with 5 micrograms of group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) developed an acute course of arthritis. Recurrence of arthritis was induced in 100% of these joints by intravenous injection of as little as 10 micrograms of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 wk after intraarticular injection. This reaction was similar in athymic and euthymic rats. Buffalo rats were less susceptible than Lewis or Sprague-Dawley rats. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli LPS, and S. typhimurium Re mutant LPS, were also active. Re mutant LPS activity was greatly reduced by mixing with polymyxin B. E. coli lipid A was weakly active. An acute synovitis of much less incidence, severity, and duration was seen in contralateral joints injected initially with saline, and in ankle joints of naive, previously uninjected rats after intravenous LPS injection. The intravenous injection of the muramidase mutanolysin on day 0 or 7 after intraarticular PG-APS injection prevented LPS-induced recurrence of arthritis. These studies suggest that the phlogistic activities of lipid A and peptidoglycan might interact in an inflammatory disease process, and that LPS may play a role in recurrent episodes of rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis.

Acute toxicity of magnetoferritin in Sprague Dawley rats after intravenous injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Yao Cai ◽  
Changqian Cao ◽  
Caiyun Yang ◽  
Huangtao Xu ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Ameliorative effects of Spinacia oleracea on sperm morphology, count, and motility by normalizing the obesity-induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Somia Iqbal ◽  
Noman Sadiq ◽  
Saad Siddiqui ◽  
Hira Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Obesity is a prevailing metabolic disorder that affects the functioning of the male reproductive system. Excessive adipose tissue enhances reactive oxygen species generation and is linked with male infertility. Spinach has demonstrated antioxidant effects. The present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effects of spinach on sperm parameters in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Subjects and methods: This randomized control study was conducted at the animal house of the National Institute of Health Islamabad, Islamic International Medical College, Cosmesurge International Hospital, Rawalpindi, and Apollo lab, Islamabad, Pakistan from April 2016 to March 2017. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats having an age of 8 weeks and weight 160-200g were tagged from number 1 to 40. Every third rat was randomly allocated to control Group A (n=13) and remaining into the Experimental group (n=27). Rats of control Group A was given a standard diet while a high-fat diet was given to Experimental group rats to induce obesity for the duration of six weeks. Weight (g) was measured weekly and obesity was confirmed when rats attain more than 20% weight when compared with that of rats of control Group A. Then, after obesity induction, the experimental group was alienated into the obesity control group (Group B) and spinach treated group (Group C). For sample, rats of Group A and Group B were sacrificed, and the cauda epididymis of each rat was placed in a Petri dish containing normal saline and cut into pieces to allow the release of sperm and then sperm parameters (sperms concentration, motility, and morphology) were recorded under the microscope. Then, spinach (5% hot water extract) along with the persistence of fat diet was administered to Group C for 4 weeks and finally, sperm parameters were measured in this group. Results: Sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group B rats were significantly decreased as compared to Group A rats. However, sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group C (spinach treated group) rats was significantly increased (p<0.001) as compared to Group B (obesity control group) rats after administering spinach. Conclusion: The addition of Spinach in a normal diet regimen restores normal sperm morphology, improves sperm motility and concentration.

scholarly journals Pain Markers and Epidural Fibrosis Caused by Repeated Spinal Surgery in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Quan ◽  
Jae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Won-Ha Hwang ◽  
Young-Yul KIM
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Repeated Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Epidural fibrosis is one of the aetiologies of pain following spinal revision surgery. However, roles of epidural fibrosis caused by repeated spinal surgery and pain-related proteins in causing the post spinal surgery syndrome remain unknown. In this study, using a rat spinal surgery epidural fibrosis and adhesion model, we evaluate and investigated the relationship between pain marker and epidural fibrosis caused by repeated spinal surgery in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats that underwent repeated spinal surgery were divided into three groups: group A (single laminectomy), group B (two repeated surgeries) and group C (three repeated surgeries). Dural thickness was measured in each experimental group, and immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting of mitogen-activated protein kinases were performed (ERK, p38 and JNK). Results Dural thickness was 6.363 ± 1.911 µm in group A, 13.238 ± 2.123 µm in group B and 19.4 ± 2.115 µm in group C. In western blotting, phosphorylated ERK expression was higher in groups B (1.77 fold) and C (2.42 fold) than in group A. Phosphorylated p38 expression was higher in groups B (1.17 fold) and C (1.33 fold) than in group A. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that phosphorylated ERK and p38 expression gradually increased with the number of repeated surgeries, as evidenced by western blotting. Conclusions Repeated spinal surgery may increase dural thickness and expression of phosphorylated ERK and p38 in the spinal dorsal horn, suggesting that pain increases with repeated surgery.

Body temperature response to IL-1 beta in pregnant rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. R1179-R1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Simrose ◽  
J. E. Fewell
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Near Term

Rats have an attenuated or absent febrile response to exogenous pyrogen (e.g., bacterial endotoxin) near term of pregnancy. With the aim of providing insight into possible mechanism(s) of the altered febrile response to exogenous pyrogen, experiments have been carried out on 67 time-bred Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the febrile response to endogenous pyrogen [i.e., interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)]. On day 13 of gestation, intravenous injection of IL-1 beta produced a significant increase in body temperature with a latency of approximately 30 min and a duration of approximately 120 min. In contrast, on days 17 and 21 of gestation as well as on the day of delivery, intravenous injection of IL-1 beta produced significant decreases in body temperature. Thus rats do not develop fever in response to endogenous pyrogen near term of pregnancy but rather become hypothermic. The mechanism of the altered body temperature response to exogenous pyrogen as pregnancy proceeds remains unknown. We speculate, however, that it most likely lies downstream from the formation of endogenous pyrogen.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Mediterranean Meal on Sprague Dawley Rats DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumors

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CGM.S5894
Author(s):  
Paula C. Pereira ◽  
A. Filipa Vicente ◽  
Maria F. Mesquita ◽  
Antonio S. Cabrita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Group B

The present study intents to find a possible protective role of a Mediterranean type meal on mammary carcinogenesis. Several factors have been associated with breast cancer risk, genetics and environment are the most pointed out in epidemiologic and experimental studies. Diet is an environmental factor that can promote or prevent disease, being responsible for almost 35% of total cancer cases. A total of 72 female rats 50 days old were randomly divided in three groups of 24 rats and housed 4 in each plastic cage in a holding room under constant conditions of 22 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 10% humidity and a 12 h light/dark cycle. All the animals were submitted to the administration of 20 mg of 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in olive oil, by gavages, except group A. The same defined standard food was provided for all the animals in group A and B, supplemented with a Mediterranean meal in group C. All the animals were sacrificed by the end of 150 days. Total carcinoma number did not differ significantly between Groups B and C and there were not found any neoplastic lesions in Group A. Most tumors showed a mixed architectural pattern, with cribriform and papillary areas, comedocarcinoma and necrosis was only seen in Group B. Histopathologic analysis showed that Group C tumors had lower mitotic activity and Pattern Grades, but higher Nuclear Grades. Mediterranean diet type meal showed lower Pattern Grades and lower Mitotic count in spite of that a higher nuclear pleomorphism was also found. Even so, tumors from Group C were better differentiated which can indicate lower malignancy.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Yi Shen Juan Bi Pill in Arthritic Rats with Castration-Induced Kidney Deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xiaojuan He ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Cheng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism ◽  
Kidney Deficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lipid Metabolites

Androgens have been linked to the onset, severity, and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the most common pattern in RA is kidney deficiency, which partly corresponds to a low sex hormone state. In this study, TCM kidney deficiency was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with castration surgery, and a TCM preparation, Yi Shen Juan Bi Pill (YJB), was used to treat collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats with castration. Metabolomic technique was used to evaluate the pharmacological mechanism in castrated CIA rats treated by YJB. The results showed that castration significantly increased the severity of the arthritis in rats but was ameliorated by YJB. Its pharmacological mechanism was partially associated with lipid metabolites involving free fatty acid (FFA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).In conclusion, the experimental results demonstrate the protective effect of YJB on the TCM kidney deficiency pattern induced by androgen deficiency in CIA rats and support that YJB should be used for the clinical treatment of RA with TCM kidney deficiency pattern.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide-Mimetic Activities of a Toll-Like Receptor 2-Stimulatory Substance(s) in Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharide Preparations

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3221-3226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Muroi ◽  
Takahiro Ohnishi ◽  
Satoko Azumi-Mayuzumi ◽  
Ken-ichi Tanamoto
Keyword(s):  
Lipid A ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reporter Activity ◽  
Phenol Extraction ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Phenol Extract ◽  
Lps Binding

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations are known to often contain substances which activate cells through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and it is suspected that bacterial lipoproteins are responsible for this activation. We compared the mode of action of the TLR2-stimulatory substances with that of a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide (tripalmitoyl-Cys-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala [Pam3CSSNA]), as well as with that of peptidoglycan. Six out of eight LPS preparations tested induced NF-κB-dependent reporter activity in 293 cells expressing CD14 and TLR2. Phenol extract (PEX) prepared from Escherichia coli LPS by modified phenol extraction induced reporter activity in 293 cells expressing TLR2, and this activity was enhanced by coexpression of CD14, whereas the activity of Pam3CSSNA was not dependent on CD14. The activity of PEX, but not that of Pam3CSSNA or peptidoglycan, was also enhanced by LPS binding protein or serum and blocked by polymyxin B. In addition, the activity of PEX was inhibited by a lipid A precursor (compound 406) in 293 cells expressing CD14 and TLR2. These results indicate that E. coli LPS preparations contain LPS-mimetic TLR2-stimulatory substances which differ from bacterial lipopeptides or peptidoglycan.

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