scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF BLOOD SERUM

1913 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Functional Deficiency

The following conclusions may be drawn from the results obtained in this study. 1. In the minor surgical cases (considered normal) the chemical composition of the blood serum agrees, as far as its proteins are concerned, with the usual standard values. When examined at different times, the serum of such cases shows no variation in the total protein content or in its individual fractions. The incoagulable nitrogen, however, varies considerably in the total amount in the different cases, as well as in its percentage relations to the other constituents of the serum. 2. The cases of prostatic hypertrophy, with or without chronic interstitial nephritis, show no change from the normal in the character of the protein composition of the serum, nor in the ratio which the individual fractions bear to each other. On the other hand, the incoagulable and non-protein nitrogen of the serum show marked fluctuations, some of which correspond to the degree of functional deficiency of the kidneys. 3. In cases of localized infections of the kidneys, the changes in the blood serum are twofold. One concerns the proteins, and is traceable to the infection; and the other concerns the non-protein nitrogen, results from functional impairment, and varies with the amount of destruction of the kidney substance. Thus an increase in the globulins is observed in these sera similar to that occurring in infections in other localities; the non-protein content increases apparently in direct proportion to the degree of deficiency of the kidney, and becomes diminished when the function of the kidneys improves.

scholarly journals Dynamics of total protein content in blood of sows depending on peculiarities of nervous system activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
R. Postoi ◽  
V. Karpovskyi ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
D. Kryvoruchko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Higher Nervous Activity

The article presents the results of studies on the dynamics of total protein content in blood serum of sows depending on the cortical and vegetative mechanisms of regulation under exposure to technological stimulus. Experiments were carried out on 3 years old pigs of large white breed. Types of higher nervous activity in pigs were determined using method of conditioned food reflexes. According to the studying of conditioned reflex activity 4 experimental groups were formed, 5 animals in each. The 1-st group consisted of sows with strong balanced mobile, the 2-nd – strong balanced inert, the 3-rd – strong unbalanced, and the 4-th – weak types of higher nervous activity. Then in experimental animals we studied the tone of the autonomic nervous system using trygeminovagal test, by the results of which we formed 3 experimental groups (normotonics, sympathicotonics, vagotonics), 5 animals in each. Before exposure to technological stimulus and in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after its impact, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies in all experimental animals. Before exposure to technological stimulus content of total protein in swine blood serum between animals with strong types of higher nervous activity did not differ significantly. Animals with weak type of higher nervous activity had lower level of this metabolite than animals with strong balanced mobile type. After exposure to technological stimulus the total protein level in swine blood serum significantly decreased. In sows with strong balanced mobile type, the content of total protein starting from the 7-th day after exposure to technological stimulus returned to values that were before stress factor impact. At the same time, in sows with weak type of higher nervous activity, the level of total protein in blood returned to the reference values only in 28 days after exposure to technological stimulus. The basal level of total protein in blood serum in pigs with different tone of autonomic nervous system didn’t differ significantly. In sows normotonics was found a significantly higher content of total protein in blood serum than in sows vagotonics and sympathicotonics during first week after exposure to stress factor.

scholarly journals Impact of contamination on biology, biochemical, and histology of Eobania vermiculata and Monacha obstructa during different seasons in Ismailia, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El Fattah Ali Ghobashy ◽  
Asma W. Al-Thomali ◽  
Maha F. M. Soliman ◽  
Amaal Mohammadein ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata

Land snails are found to be an appropriate sentinel organism, and the biomarkers chosen are effective for terrestrial heavy metal biomonitoring. The study aimed to compare the biological, biochemistry, and histology of two land snails in the Ismailia governorate, Egypt during different seasons. Random snails were collected from January 2015 to December 2015 from two sites in the Ismailia Governorate, on wet days during each season's middle month. Soft tissues were taken from the dissected snails. It was noticed that most of the morphometric parameters measured shell height (ShH), last whorl width (LWW), maximum diameter (MaxD), aperture height (AH), and aperture width (AW) were higher in Eobania vermiculata (Sp. 1) than those measured in Monacha obstructa (Sp. 2), except for shell height measurement, which was the same in both species. The growth rate of Sp. 1 and Sp. 2 changed seasonally. In the more polluted areas with heavy metals, lipid peroxidation (LPO) was higher in snails and total protein content than in the snails collected from the less polluted areas for all seasons. However, the snails displayed lower levels of glutathione (GSH) as compared to snails at a less polluted site. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship between them. Histopathological alterations in the digestive gland were more obvious in the general architecture of the digestive gland that had lost its tubular appearance. The excretory cells showed an increase in their excretory granules' number and size while calcium cells decreased. Also, gonad follicles have lost their normal architecture with the degeneration of some stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In conclusion, There was a strong correlation between GSH levels and total protein content in the same soft tissues. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship. The overall results display the usefulness of E. vermiculata and M. obstructa land snails as bioindicator organisms and support the application of this ecotoxicological approach for evaluating the biologic impact of toxins. E. vermiculata is more abundant than M. obstructa . The density, morphometric, biochemical, and histology of E. vermiculata and M. obstructa were different at different seasons.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of Brazilian hulless barley varieties, flour fractionation, and protein concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Alicia de Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Hulless Barley

Even though hulless barley is widely known due to its nutritional potential, in Brazil it is only grown at a few agricultural experimental stations. There is no published data about the chemical composition of Brazilian hulless barley varieties; however, research laboratories have studied their agronomical characteristics. The objectives of this study were to present the chemical characterization and effect of flour fractionation on protein concentration of six Brazilian hulless barley varieties, namely IAC IBON 214/82, IAC 8612/421, IAC 8501/31, IAC 8501/12, IAPAR 39-Acumaí, and IAC 8501/22. The analyses included: ash, ether extract, total protein, starch, total insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, and beta-glucans. Flour fractionation was carried out by sieving. The flour fractions were evaluated for crude protein, protein, and protein and non-protein nitrogen. Chemical composition varied (P < 0.05) among all the varieties. IAC 8501/22, IAC 8501/31, and IAC 8501/12 showed the highest protein content (15.69, 15.25, and 14.94% respectively). Differences (P < 0.05) among the protein of the fractionated flours were detected, and might be attributed primarily to genetic background since all varieties were grown under the same environmental conditions. Fractionating the flour increased the total protein content, in some fractions, by up to 2%. These results may be useful in the food industry for the selection of hulless barley varieties for human consumption and to produce substantially protein-enriched flour fractions.

Pancreatic Lipase—Determination in Canine Pancreatic Secretion and Human Blood Serum

1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Guth ◽  
S. A. Komarov ◽  
Harry Shay ◽  
C. Zislin Style
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Pancreatic Secretion ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
The Individual

A previously reported method for lipase determination was modified to increase the sensitivity so as to permit application of the method without change to both pancreatic secretion and human blood serum. The errors determined in serial dilution experiments with pancreatic secretion were found to be 9.2% for deviations from linearity, and 9.1% for duplicate error (both expressed as coefficient of variation). The method was applied to the reinvestigation of the question of the lipase/protein nitrogen relationship in canine pancreatic secretion obtained a) under as identical conditions as possible, and b) following different test meals and dietary regimens. Two statistical approaches were utilized: a) analysis of covariance, to evaluate variations in the lipase activity/protein nitrogen relationship, and b) analysis of variance, to evaluate variations in the lipase concentration/protein nitrogen relationship. Highly significant variations in both ratios from specimen to specimen were found in the vast majority of our studies. These variations did not conform to the concept of adaption of the individual enzymes to the type of food ingested. Studies with human blood serum revealed the method to be specific for pancreatic-type lipase. No lipolytic activity was detected in normal serum, while in many cases of pancreatic disease, not only was lipolytic activity detected, but the lipase concentrations observed closely followed the clinical course of the disease. The reliability, specificity and rapidity of the method make it suitable for clinical studies.

scholarly journals CONTENT OF TOTAL NITROGEN AND PROTEINS FROM ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) COLLECTED IN THREE SLOPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-640
Author(s):  
Valentina Butleska Gjoroska ◽  
Liljana Koleva Gudeva ◽  
Lenka Cvetanovska
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaves and stems contain different proteins and nitrogen concentration in different stages of growth. The objective of this study is to determine the dynamic of nutrient accumulation of total nitrogen and proteins in leaves and stems. The experiment was conducted in three slopes, on three regions in the Republic of North Macedonia (Tetovo, Skopje and Ovche Pole). Chemical analysis of total nitrogen and proteins were obtained from first, second and third slope. Modern techniques have been used for analyzing the protein activity of plant material in multiple measuring points. Significant differences are found in the production of total nitrogen and proteins between the locations in Tetovo region on one side, and Skopje and Ovche Pole on the other side. It shows that Tetovo region has better conditions for producing alfalfa protein. Alfalfa is a culture that is rich in high nitrogen and protein content in the Tetovo region, which is correlated with the amino acid composition, resulting in a high biological value. Therefore, alfalfa is the dominant forage crop and active diet culture with high applicability to the bio-diet. Proteins are the most abundant biomolecules in plants and other organisms. Protein macromolecules make up half of the dry matter in the plant cell. The plant cell contains many different proteins with a specific function. Proteins contain the most important property - biological specificity, so the individuality of each organism is conditioned by the type of protein it is made of. Proteins have a specific structure that is found in their biological activity. Proteins are the most important components in the plant cell. Nitrogen is one of the many compounds important for plant life processes and its role in physiological processes in plants is quite large. The needs of certain plants for nitrogen are different. Nitrogen in plants is important in the composition of proteins, nucleic acids, coenzymes, alkaloids, some pigments and other compounds. Accordingly, the nitrogen in plants exists as non-protein and protein nitrogen, found in the protein component. It can only enter the plant cell if it is reduced to ammonia. This scientific research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the nitrogen and protein composition of alfalfa grown in the Skopje, Tetovo and Ovche Pole region. The results of this research, represent the first full and complete overview of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with its protein composition, which would be of great importance for the further cultivation of this forage crop. Scientific evidence has shown that the Tetovo region has a higher advantage over the Skopje and Ovche Pole region in terms of nitrogen and protein content, which are crucial nutrients in forage crops.

Amino acid composition, protein content and accurate nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfen Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Qi ◽  
Xiaobing Dong ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Liqin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

The protein content of plants is commonly estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content (Kjeldahl; KN) by a nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 6.25. This method is based on the incorrect assumption that all nitrogen in the ammonia/ammonium and organic substances in plants is protein nitrogen, usually resulting in overestimation of protein content. We have examined amino acid composition, amino acid nitrogen, total nitrogen (KN), and actual protein content (AP) determined from amino acid residues in 16 accessions of perennial sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev). We determined a new nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor, kP, as the ratio of AP to KN, and applied this factor to estimate the total protein content (TP) as KN × kP. The non-protein nitrogen accounted for 40.5% to 62.4% of the total nitrogen. The average kP value was 3.17 overall, 3.20 in the accessions sampled at the jointing stage, and 3.15 in the accessions sampled at the flowering stage. The TP, calculated as KN × 3.17, was about half that of crude protein contents, calculated as KN × 6.25. Our study suggests that the AP-based kP of 3.17 can be used to more accurately estimate the total protein content in sheepgrass.

scholarly journals The Influence of Food Waste Rearing Substrates on Black Soldier Fly Larvae Protein Composition: A Systematic Review

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Indee Hopkins ◽  
Lisa P. Newman ◽  
Harsharn Gill ◽  
Jessica Danaher
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Influence Of Food

The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) offers the potential to address two global challenges; the environmental detriments of food waste and the rising demand for protein. Food waste digested by BSF larvae can be converted into biomass, which may then be utilized for the development of value-added products including new food sources for human and animal consumption. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies investigating the influence of food waste rearing substrates on BSF larvae protein composition. Of 1712 articles identified, 23 articles were selected for inclusion. Based on the results of this review, BSF larvae reared on ‘Fish waste Sardinella aurita’ for two days reported the highest total protein content at 78.8% and BSF larvae reared on various formulations of ‘Fruit and vegetable’ reported the lowest protein content at 12.9%. This review is the first to examine the influence of food waste on the protein composition of BSF larvae. Major differences in larval rearing conditions and methods utilized to perform nutritional analyses, potentially influenced the reported protein composition of the BSF larvae. While this review has highlighted the role BSF larvae in food waste management and alternative protein development.

scholarly journals Білковий склад сироватки крові однорічок білого амура, уражених моногенеями, до та після застосування «Бровармектин-гранулятуTM» і «АвестимуTM»

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs

The success of treatment fish with invasive diseases depends on availability of highly efficient antiparasitic drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Therefore, scientists are constantly working to develop anti-parasitic drugs for the treatment of fish that would have not only high efficiency, less toxic to the body and the cost of medical treatment, but also contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes. That is why the purpose of our researches was to study the effect of «Granulated brovermectin» and «Avesstim» on the protein composition of blood serum of carp fish infested by various ectoparasites.Researches were conducted in garden-fish farms, SOE «Fish farm Halytskyy» (now LLC «Fish farm «Burshtynskyy») Rohatyn raion, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast and FE «Dobrotvir fish factory» Kamianka-Buzka Raion, Lviv oblast, located on the warm waters of cooling ponds of Burshtynsk and Dobrotvir Thermal Power Stations. Fish weighing 45–47 g were selected for researches.It was established that the use of «Granulated brovermectin» and immunomodulator «Avesstim» caused activation of protein metabolism in fish body affected by pathogens Dactylogyrus lamellatus, Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodonis, and mixed infestations and as a result there was indicated the increase of total protein, albumins, globulins and α-globulins in their blood serum. Thus, the drug «Granulated brovermectin» in the blood serum of affected by ectoparasites fish total protein content compared with the control, increased to 4.23 (P < 0.001), albumins – to 2.82 (P < 0.001), globulins – to 1.41 (P < 0.05) and α-globulins – on 1.23 g/l (P < 0.01). Combined use of these drugs showed the best normalizing effect on the infested fish: the content of total protein in blood serum, depending on the type of infestation, increased to 5.22–9.97, albumins – to 4.34–8.17, globulins – 0.88–1.45, α-globulins tо – 1.36–2.20 g/l, and these changes in all cases (the exception – the quantity of globulins in the blood of fish affected by gyrodactylus) were reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).

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