scholarly journals NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FRAGMENTATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS; THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF THESE FRAGMENTS BY DESQUAMATED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF THE BLOOD STREAM; THE CORRELATION OF THE PEROXIDASE REACTION WITH PHAGOCYTOSIS IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Doan ◽  
Florence R. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Peroxidase Reaction ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Oxidase Reaction

1. There is constantly some breaking down of red cells in the circulation by fragmentation. 2. The fragments of red cells, as well as whole red cells, are phagocytized and destroyed by clasmatocytes or endothelial phagocytes. 3. When there is an increase in fragmentation in abnormal or pathological states, desquamated endothelial cells of the blood stream, as well as the clasmatocytes of the tissues, increase proportionately and take in these fragments. These cells are to be distinguished from eosinophilic leucocytes by the nature of their granules, by the type of motility of the cells, and by a negative peroxidase test. 4. The desquamated endothelial cells, clasmatocytes, in the circulating blood are positive to the peroxidase test only when they have taken in positive material. 5. The monocytes show marked variations of the oxidase reaction in different species and to different techniques. With the Sato and Sekiya technique most monocytes of human blood are positive, while most of them in rabbit blood are negative, but both positive and negative reactions are found in both human and rabbit blood.

Endothelial Lu/BCAM glycoproteins are novel ligands for red blood cell α4β1integrin: role in adhesion of sickle red blood cells to endothelial cells

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 3544-3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim El Nemer ◽  
Marie-Paule Wautier ◽  
Cécile Rahuel ◽  
Pierre Gane ◽  
Patricia Hermand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Flow Conditions

Abstract The Lutheran (Lu) blood group and basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) antigens are both carried by 2 glycoprotein isoforms of the immunoglobulin superfamily representing receptors for the laminin α5 chain. In addition to red blood cells, Lu/BCAM proteins are highly expressed in endothelial cells. Abnormal adhesion of red blood cells to the endothelium could potentially contribute to the vaso-occlusive episodes in sickle cell disease. Considering the presence of integrin consensus-binding sites in Lu/BCAM proteins, we investigated their potential interaction with integrin α4β1, the unique integrin expressed on immature circulating sickle red cells. Using cell adhesion assays under static and flow conditions, we demonstrated that integrin α4β1 expressed on transfected cells bound to chimeric Lu-Fc protein. We showed that epinephrine-stimulated sickle cells, but not control red cells, adhered to Lu-Fc via integrin α4β1 under flow conditions. Antibody-mediated activation of integrin α4β1 induced adhesion of sickle red cells to primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells; this adhesion was inhibited by soluble Lu-Fc and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)–Fc proteins. This novel interaction between integrin α4β1 in sickle red cells and endothelial Lu/BCAM proteins could participate in sickle cell adhesion to endothelium and potentially play a role in vaso-occlusive episodes.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL BONE MARROW REACTIONS

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulli Lindh Muller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Small Doses

1. The effect produced by intravenous administration of gum shellac solution varied directly with the strength of the solution and the amount injected. (a) Strong solutions were intensely toxic and fatal to all the animals injected. Toxicity was abolished by the presence of carbon particles in the solution. (b) Medium strength solutions produced a marked normoblastosis followed by an erythroblastosis if injections were continued, accompanied either by an initial rise of red blood cells and hemoglobin followed by a decrease or an initial decline followed by an increase. The decrease of erythrocytes and hemoglobin did not amount to an actual anemia, and was usually concomitant with the greatest outpouring of nucleated red cells. (c) Small doses elicited the same kind of response except that the normoblastosis was less marked, the decrease of red cells and hemoglobin minimal or absent, the increase of red blood cells and hemoglobin marked in most instances. (d) Minimal doses elicited no appreciable reaction. 2. The bone marrow in animals killed after a course of injections showed intense erythrocytic hyperplasia. This disappeared after a variable length of time with a return of the bone marrow to apparently normal condition. 3. Toxic effects with non-fatal doses in form of hemorrhages were produced mainly in the bone marrow and occasionally in the kidney under the following conditions. (a) After one injection in an animal with hyperplastic marrow (hemorrhages ih the bone marrow only). (b) After the fourth and fifth dose when administered at long intervals (4 to 19 day intervals). (c) After one injection given 40 days after several successive injections (one animal only). 4. Small and divided doses administered at long intervals produced no apparent ill effect. 5. Subcutaneous administrations did not elicit any marked systemic reactions. Locally there was induration and edema. 6. The conclusion was drawn that gum shellac solution stimulates markedly the production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow. The mechanism of stimulation is not clear, but it seems unlikely that it is due to destruction of red blood cells in the peripheral blood stream.

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN DUE TO ANTI-A AND ANTI-B

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Clare N. Shumway ◽  
Gerald Miller ◽  
Lawrence E. Young
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Abo Incompatibility

Ten infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO incompatibility were studied. In every case the investigations were undertaken because of jaundice occurring in the first 24 hours of life. The clinical, hematologic and serologic observations in the infants and the serologic findings in the maternal sera are described. Evidence is presented to show that the diagnosis of the disorder rests largely upon the demonstration of spherocytosis, increased osmotic fragility of the red cells, reticulocytosis, and hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn infant whose red blood cells are incompatible with the maternal major blood group isoantibody and against whose cells no other maternal isoantibody is demonstrable. The anti-A or anti-B in each of the maternal sera tested in this series hemolyzed A or B cells in the presence of complement. Other serologic findings in the maternal sera were less consistently demonstrated.

scholarly journals Sensing of red blood cells with decreased membrane deformability by the human spleen

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 2581-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Safeukui ◽  
Pierre A. Buffet ◽  
Guillaume Deplaine ◽  
Sylvie Perrot ◽  
Valentine Brousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Membrane Rigidity ◽  
Cellular Deformability ◽  
Distinct Features

Abstract The current paradigm in the pathogenesis of several hemolytic red blood cell disorders is that reduced cellular deformability is a key determinant of splenic sequestration of affected red cells. Three distinct features regulate cellular deformability: membrane deformability, surface area-to-volume ratio (cell sphericity), and cytoplasmic viscosity. By perfusing normal human spleens ex vivo, we had previously showed that red cells with increased sphericity are rapidly sequestered by the spleen. Here, we assessed the retention kinetics of red cells with decreased membrane deformability but without marked shape changes. A controlled decrease in membrane deformability (increased membrane rigidity) was induced by treating normal red cells with increasing concentrations of diamide. Following perfusion, diamide-treated red blood cells (RBCs) were rapidly retained in the spleen with a mean clearance half-time of 5.9 minutes (range, 4.0-13.0). Splenic clearance correlated positively with increased membrane rigidity (r = 0.93; P < .0001). To determine to what extent this increased retention was related to mechanical blockade in the spleen, diamide-treated red cells were filtered through microsphere layers that mimic the mechanical sensing of red cells by the spleen. Diamide-treated red cells were retained in the microsphilters (median, 7.5%; range, 0%-38.6%), although to a lesser extent compared with the spleen (median, 44.1%; range, 7.3%-64.0%; P < .0001). Taken together, these results have implications for understanding the sensitivity of the human spleen to sequester red cells with altered cellular deformability due to various cellular alterations and for explaining clinical heterogeneity of RBC membrane disorders.

scholarly journals CELLS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabih I. Abdou ◽  
Maxwell Richter
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Sheep Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sheep Red Cells

Irradiated rabbits given allogeneic bone marrow cells from normal adult donors responded to an injection of sheep red blood cells by forming circulating antibodies. Their spleen cells were also capable of forming many plaques using the hemolysis in gel technique, and were also capable of undergoing blastogenesis and mitosis and of incorporating tritiated thymidine upon exposure to the specific antigen in vitro. However, irradiated rabbits injected with allogeneic bone marrow obtained from rabbits injected with sheep red blood cells 24 hr prior to sacrifice (primed donors) were incapable of mounting an immune response after stimulation with sheep red cells. This loss of reactivity by the bone marrow from primed donors is specific for the antigen injected, since the immune response of the irradiated recipients to a non-cross-reacting antigen, the horse red blood cell, is unimpaired. Treatment of the bone marrow donors with high-titered specific antiserum to sheep red cells for 24 hr prior to sacrifice did not result in any diminished ability of their bone marrow cells to transfer antibody-forming capacity to sheep red blood cells. The significance of these results, with respect to the origin of the antigen-reactive and antibody-forming cells in the rabbit, is discussed.

scholarly journals Cytoadherence between endothelial cells andP. falciparum infected and noninfected normal and thalassemic red blood cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 70B (6) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Butthep ◽  
S. Wanram ◽  
K. Pattanapanyasat ◽  
P. Vattanaviboon ◽  
S. Fucharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

scholarly journals The Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the blood agar plate media of sheep blood and human blood groups A, B, AB, and O

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dora Dayu Rahma Turista ◽  
Eka Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Randomized Design

BAP media is a medium used to distinguish pathogenic bacteria based on their hemolytic power on red blood cells. Staphyllococcus aureus is a bacterium that is able to emolate red blood cells with 3 types of hemolysis, namely α, β, γ, and δ. Usually BAP media is made by adding 5-10% sheep blood. Making BAP media using sheep blood has become a problem for several laboratories today, including health education laboratories. This is because the health education laboratory does not yet have a sheep farm, so it has not been able to procure sheep blood. The use of human blood as a substitute for sheep blood in making BAP media may be a solution, but it is not yet known whether there are differences in the growth and hemolysis of S. aureus bacteria on BAP media in sheep's blood and human blood. This research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) of 3 replications which aims to determine whether there are differences in growth and hemolysis of bacteria S. aureus in BAP media of sheep blood and human blood groups A, B, AB, and O. The results showed that S. aureus bacteria could grow and show hemolysis in BAP media in sheep blood and human blood in groups A, B, AB, and O. The results of subsequent studies analyzed ANOVA using the software spss for windows with a significant level of 0.05. From the results of research and data analysis it can be concluded that S. aureus bacteria can grow and show hemolysis in BAP media of sheep blood and human blood groups A, B, AB and O, but there are significant differences in the number of S. aureus bacteria colonies grown in BAP media of sheep's blood and human blood groups A, B, AB and O.

scholarly journals Merocyanine 540-sensitized photoinactivation of human erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Smith ◽  
SA Dolan ◽  
JA Dvorak ◽  
TE Wellems ◽  
F Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Merocyanine 540

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the photosensitizing dye merocyanine 540 (MC540) as a means for extracorporeal purging of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from human blood. Parasitized red blood cells bound more dye than nonparasitized cells, and exposure to MC540 and light under conditions that are relatively well tolerated by normal erythrocytes and normal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells reduced the concentration of parasitized cells by as much as 1,000-fold. Cells parasitized by the chloroquine- sensitive HB3 clone and the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 clone of P falciparum were equally susceptible to MC540-sensitized photolysis. These data suggest the potential usefulness of MC540 in the purging of P falciparum-infected blood.

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