scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SOMATIC C POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Abernethy
Keyword(s):  
High Titer ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Repeated Precipitation ◽  
Serum Reaction

The capacity of the serum of rabbits following intradermal pneumococcus infections to precipitate in the presence of pneumococcus C polysaccharide has been studied during the resultant periods of active infection and during recovery. In rabbits infected with Type I, III, or VIII pneumococci, large hemorrhagic lesions are produced which frequently bring about death of the animals after a febrile illness of 3 to 4 days. Repeated precipitation tests with the sera of these animals have been uniformly and consistently negative, not only during the acute illness but in the recovery period as well. On the other hand, the sera of monkeys of the Macacus cynomolgos species actively ill with experimental Type III pneumonia have been shown to react in precipitation tests with the C substance. The serum reaction appears within the first 24 hours after infection, remains positive in high titer for 2 to 3 days during the acute illness, and disappears with the onset of recovery. The precipitation reaction with C also occurs with the sera of monkeys following intradermal and intraperitoneal infection with pneumococci. The results of precipitation tests of the serum of monkeys during experimental pneumonia are similar to those obtained with the sera of patients suffering from pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. From the results of these studies it would appear improbable that the demonstration of the serum precipitation phenomenon with C polysaccharide in monkeys, and possibly also in man, is conditioned by previous exposure to pneumococcus antigen.

Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Kidney Injury, and a Novel Frameshift Mutation in a Child with Glutaric Acidemia Type I

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Linlin Huang ◽  
Ting Shi ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xiaozhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Frameshift Mutation ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Type I ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
Glutaric Acidemia Type I ◽  
Acute Decompensation

This is a case report of a girl with glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I) who experienced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). Her first acute metabolic crisis occurred at the age of 5 months, which mainly manifested as irritable crying, poor appetite, and hyperlactatemia. Mutation analysis showed 2 pathogenic mutations in the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) gene, which were c.383G>A (p.R128Q) and c.873delC (p.N291Kfs*41), the latter of which is a novel frameshift mutation of GA-I. She had a febrile illness at the age of 12 months, followed by AKI and severe rhabdomyolysis. Four days of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) helped to overcome this acute decompensation. This case report describes a novel mutation in the GCDH gene, that is, c.873delC (p.N291Kfs*41). Also, it highlights the fact that patients with GA-I have a high risk of rhabdomyolysis and AKI, which may be induced by febrile diseases and hyperosmotic dehydration; CVVHDF can help to overcome this acute decompensation.

scholarly journals Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Iwona Puzio ◽  
Dorota Graboś ◽  
Marek Bieńko ◽  
Radosław P. Radzki ◽  
Aneta Nowakiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Ovx Rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.

scholarly journals Changes in activities and isozyme patterns of glycolytic enzymes during erythroid differentiation in vitro

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Nijhof ◽  
PK Wierenga ◽  
GE Staal ◽  
G Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Type I ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation

Late committed progenitor cells of erythropoiesis, CFU-E (colony- forming unit--erythroid), were isolated from mouse spleens to near homogeneity by a three-step enrichment procedure. The procedure included a four-day pretreatment of bled mice with the antibiotic thiamphenicol, a recovery period of 3 1/2 days, followed by centrifugal elutriation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation of the spleen cells. This practically pure CFU-E population was used to study some aspects of erythroid differentiation in vitro. Colony growth, as well as morphology and glycolytic enzyme activities of cells isolated at selected times of the 48-hour culture period, were determined. Marked declining activities of several enzymes, including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, were observed during in vitro differentiation. The activity of diphosphoglycerate mutase was almost absent in the CFU- E, but progressively increased during differentiation. The isozyme distribution of aldolase and enolase did not change during CFU-E in vitro differentiation into the reticulocyte. Hexokinase (HK) in the CFU- E contained mainly a double-banded type I isozyme, in addition to a minor amount of HK II. During differentiation, a shift was noticed within the double-banded HK I region, whereas HK ii disappeared after one cell division. Pyruvate kinase in the CFU-E was characterized by the presence of both the K-type and the L-type isozyme and hybrids of these isozyme types. During in vitro differentiation, the production of the K-type isozyme rapidly stops in favor of the L type.

scholarly journals Murine Typhus: An Important Consideration for the Nonspecific Febrile Illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurjot Basra ◽  
Megan A. Berman ◽  
Lucas S. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Murine Typhus ◽  
Transaminase Elevation ◽  
Macular Rash ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Murine typhus is a widely distributed flea-borne infection caused byRickettsia typhi. Symptoms of murine typhus are nonspecific and mimic a variety of other infectious diseases. We herein report a case of murine typhus in an area where the broad use of DDT in the mid-20th century has now made it a rare disease. The patient described presented with headache, fever, and a faint macular rash. Initial laboratory studies revealed a slight transaminase elevation. Further questioning revealed exposure to opossums, prompting the consideration of murine typhus as a diagnosis. Although typhus group antibodies were not present during the patient’s acute illness, empiric therapy with doxycycline was initiated, and the patient defervesced. One month after convalescence, the patient returned to clinic with serum that contained typhus group antibodies with an IgG titer of 1 : 1024. Murine typhus is an important consideration during the workup of a patient with a nonspecific febrile illness. Exposure to reservoir hosts and the flea vector place humans at risk for this disease. Clinician recognition of this entity is required for diagnosis and effective therapy.

Parvovirus, Erythema Infectiosum, and Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Erythema Infectiosum ◽  
Aplastic Crisis

Recent outbreaks of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) have caused consternation among pregnant women and their physicians, because of the risk of spontaneous abortion caused by this viral infection. This statement contains information concerning the infection and recommendations regarding control of exposure. The agent of erythema infectiosum is a single-stranded DNA virus called parvovirus B19, which infects humans only.1,2 Parvovirus B19 is principally transmitted by respiratory secretions,3 and a primary site of replication is the red blood cell precursors found in the bone marrow.4 After an incubation period of approximately 1 week's duration, the virus produces a febrile illness accompanied by reticulocytopenia, which lasts approximately 7 days.5 The normal person recovers without evident anemia and, in some cases, within another week, a distinctive rash, consisting of a slapped cheek appearance and an erythematous, lacy rash on the trunk and extremities, will develop. Atypical maculopapular rashes also occur.6 In adult patients, particularly women, arthralgia or arthritis may develop at this stage7,8; children infrequently experience joint involvement. Asymptomatic infection without rash may occur more frequently than illness with typical rash. Infection with parvovirus B19 can also cause aplastic crisis in patients with red blood cell abnormalities leading to shortened red blood cell halflives (such as sickle cell disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia). The aplastic crises develop approximately 1 week after onset of the acute illness due to parvovirus B19.9 Patients with aplastic crisis appear to be contagious from the onset or before the onset of acute illness and through the subsequent week or so.

scholarly journals A.02 Clinical clues for autoimmunity in the etiology of autistic regression

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S7-S7
Author(s):  
H Goez ◽  
O Scott ◽  
D Shi ◽  
D Andriashek ◽  
B Clark
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Type I ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autistic Regression ◽  
Immune Changes

Background: Autistic regression (AR) accounts for 20-40% of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) .1 Literature demonstrates specific immune changes in AR patients,2 as well as association between AR and autoimmune thyroiditis.3 Our study explores the clinical association between AR and autoimmunity, focusing on possible precipitants and familial autoimmunity, in comparison with patients with infantile autism (IA). Methods: charts of children diagnosed with ASD in 2014 were reviewed, and patients were classified as either AR or IA based on Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R) criteria.4 Information regarding pregnancy, perinatal complications, febrile illness preceding the diagnosis, and family history of autoimmune conditions was collected. Results: 206 children had IA and 33 had AR. No difference was found in prevalence of pregnancy or perinatal complications. The incidence of febrile illness in the 6 months prior to diagnosis and the prevalence of familial autoimmunity, were significantly higher in the AR group (p<0.001). Diabetes type I, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and inflammatory bowel disease were more common in families of AR patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: the association between AR and preceding febrile illness, as well as familial autoimmunity, supports the notion of AR as a separate entity within ASD, possibly mediated by autoimmune changes.

scholarly journals Headache in the presentation of noncephalic acute illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Tzadok ◽  
Ronen Toledano ◽  
Lior Fuchs ◽  
Carmi Bartal ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Primary Headache Disorder ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Younger Age

ABSTRACT Background: Headache is a frequent symptom of many systemic diseases that do not involve cranial structures. In this observational study, we assessed factors associated with headache in the acute presentation of systemic conditions in a nonsurgical emergency department (ED). Methods: Consecutive patients, admitted to Soroka University Medical Center ED due to noncephalic illness, were prospectively surveyed using a structured questionnaire focused on the prevalence and characteristics of headache symptoms. Medical data were extracted from the patient's charts. Results: Between 1 and 6/2012, 194 patients aged 64.69 ± 19.52 years, were evaluated. Headache was reported by 83 (42.7%) patients and was more common among patients with febrile illness (77.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). Respiratory illness and level of O2saturation were not associated with headache. Headache in the presentation of a noncephalic illness was associated with younger age (58 vs. 69, P < 0.001) and with suffering from a primary headache disorder (48.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001). Headache was also associated with higher body temperature and lower platelets count. Conclusions: Headache is a common symptom in acute noncephalic conditions and was found to be associated with younger age and febrile disease on presentation. Patients who present with primary headache disorders are more prone to have headache during acute illness. Acute obstructive respiratory disease, hypercarbia or hypoxemia were not associated with headache.

scholarly journals Changes in activities and isozyme patterns of glycolytic enzymes during erythroid differentiation in vitro

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Nijhof ◽  
PK Wierenga ◽  
GE Staal ◽  
G Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Type I ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation

Abstract Late committed progenitor cells of erythropoiesis, CFU-E (colony- forming unit--erythroid), were isolated from mouse spleens to near homogeneity by a three-step enrichment procedure. The procedure included a four-day pretreatment of bled mice with the antibiotic thiamphenicol, a recovery period of 3 1/2 days, followed by centrifugal elutriation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation of the spleen cells. This practically pure CFU-E population was used to study some aspects of erythroid differentiation in vitro. Colony growth, as well as morphology and glycolytic enzyme activities of cells isolated at selected times of the 48-hour culture period, were determined. Marked declining activities of several enzymes, including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, were observed during in vitro differentiation. The activity of diphosphoglycerate mutase was almost absent in the CFU- E, but progressively increased during differentiation. The isozyme distribution of aldolase and enolase did not change during CFU-E in vitro differentiation into the reticulocyte. Hexokinase (HK) in the CFU- E contained mainly a double-banded type I isozyme, in addition to a minor amount of HK II. During differentiation, a shift was noticed within the double-banded HK I region, whereas HK ii disappeared after one cell division. Pyruvate kinase in the CFU-E was characterized by the presence of both the K-type and the L-type isozyme and hybrids of these isozyme types. During in vitro differentiation, the production of the K-type isozyme rapidly stops in favor of the L type.

scholarly journals LOCAL SPECIFIC THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Herpetic Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Meningeal Disease

1. In experimental Type I pneumococcal meningitis of dogs central cord involvement is common after the 2nd day of the disease. 2. These central cord lesions may progress toward extensive suppurative myelitis. 3. Abscesses are infrequent; they arise either as direct perivascular extensions of the meningeal disease or at the site of infected purpuric lesions. 4. In prolonged untreated meningitis of reinfected animals, nothing resembling the disappearance of exudate following crisis in pneumonia occurs. The tendency is toward organization. 5. Late lesions are characterized by the marked development of a perivascular clasmatocytic apparatus, similar to, but more extensive than that hitherto reported in experimental herpetic encephalitis.

A Subset of High Titer Acquired Hemophilia Patients May Benefit from Treatment with High Dose Factor VIII.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3476-3476
Author(s):  
Shannon Meeks ◽  
John F Healey ◽  
Ernest T Parker ◽  
Pete Lollar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
High Titer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Type I ◽  
C2 Domain ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acquired Hemophilia ◽  
Proteolytic Activation

Abstract Abstract 3476 Poster Board III-413 Approximately 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A will develop inhibitory antibodies (Abs) to factor VIII (fVIII inhibitors). The immune response to fVIII currently is the most significant complication in the management of patients with hemophilia A. In addition, autoimmune Abs to fVIII can develop in non-hemophiliacs, producing acquired hemophilia A, which frequently produces life- or limb-threatening bleeding. Patients with autoimmune hemophilia often have Abs with type II kinetics in which there is incomplete inactivation of fVIII at saturating concentrations of inhibitor. We have characterized the antibody response to the C2 domain of human fVIII in a murine hemophilia model and described 5 structural groups of Abs. Groups A, AB, and B are classical anti-C2 Abs that block fVIII and fVIIIa binding to phospholipid. Groups BC and C consist of non-classical anti-C2 Abs that inhibit the proteolytic activation of fVIII but do not block the binding of fVIII to phospholipid. Subsequently, we identified classical and non-classical anti-C2 Abs in human fVIII inhibitor plasmas. Most murine non-classical Abs have inhibitor titers greater than 10,000 Bethesda units/mg IgG. In a murine in vivo bleeding model, both type I classical C2 Abs, type II non-classical C2 Abs, and a type I anti-A2 Ab produced similar amounts of blood loss that were significantly greater than control mice injected with 180 U/kg of fVIII alone. Increasing the dose of fVIII to 360 U/kg overcame the bleeding diathesis produced by the type II MAbs, but not the type I Abs. These results were consistent with the in vitro Bethesda assay in which a type I anti-A2 Ab, 4A4, completely inhibited both 1 U/mL and 3 U/mL fVIII, while there was 40% residual activity at saturating concentrations of a type II anti-C2 Ab, 2-77, at either concentration of fVIII. To determine if similar in vitro characteristics exist in patients with acquired hemophilia, plasmas from 3 patients with high titer type II inhibitors were studied. All 3 plasmas primarily had C2 domain epitope specificity that included non-classical Abs. Plasma A7 additionally had detectable anti-A2 activity. Recovery of fVIII activity after a 2 h incubation at 37 °C at nominal added concentrations of 1 mL and 3 U/mL fVIII was compared (Table 1). At 3 U/mL added fVIII, recovery of activity in plasmas A4 and A5 was 1.1 U/mL and 0.51 U/mL, respectively, despite the presence of inhibitor titers of 18 and 11 Bethesda units (BU) per mL. The presence of anti-A2 Abs, which typically have type I kinetics, may have contributed to the overall lower recovery of activity in plasma A7. These results suggest that treatment with high-dose fVIII rather than bypassing agents may be warranted in patients with an inhibitor response dominated by non-classical anti-C2 Abs. Table 1 Patient Plasma Inhibitor Titer (BU/mL) Recovered Activity at 1U/mL FVIII (U/mL) Recovered Activity at 3 U/mL FVIII (U/mL) A4 18 0.31 1.1 A5 11 0.18 0.51 A7 62 0.07 0.12 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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