scholarly journals AGE OF THE HOST AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION WITH URETHANE OF PULMONARY ADENOMAS IN MICE

1951 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanfield Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neoplastic Change ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Old Mice

Young, rapidly growing mice are greatly more responsive to the adenoma-inducing influence of urethane than are those just arriving at maturity. This is manifest both in the proportion of animals developing the tumors and in their number per individual. An amount of urethane per gram body weight which suffices to induce adenomas in only an occasional 8-week-old animal will cause them to appear in quantity in more than half the 3-week-old mice injected. There is an almost absolute inverse correlation between the rate of growth of the pulmonary tissue between the ages of 2 and 10 weeks and the response to urethane in terms of adenomas. Hence the conclusion seems justified that the natural proliferative activity of the alveolar cells during youth plays a major part in the formation of the tumors. After the 6th week the age differences become relatively slight, yet there is reason to think that they continue in some degree as life goes on. Urethane has no effect to promote multiplication of the cells it has rendered neoplastic, its whole role being to initiate neoplastic change. The abnormalities induced by urethane in the nucleus of normal and neoplastic cells, as observed by previous workers, have suggested that the substance brings about the adenomatous state by acting upon the nucleus. But colchicine, also a karyolytic poison causing pronounced nuclear changes, does not alter in the least the yield of adenomas to urethane when administered concurrently. Nor does fasting influence the yield, though it markedly reduces mitotic activity. The meaning of these facts is discussed.

scholarly journals THE NEOPLASTIC POTENTIALITIES OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUES

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Smith ◽  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Local Disturbance ◽  
Pulmonary Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Change ◽  
Adenomatous Change

The observation that adenomas develop very rapidly in the pulmonary tissue of mouse embryos implanted together with methylcholanthrene, in adult animals, has led to tests of the neoplastic potentialities of this tissue in utero. C strain females in the latter half of pregnancy were injected with urethane and the lungs of their young were searched for adenomas. None could be perceived with certainty in embryos at term or in mice just born, but they were several times found 3 days after birth and they were frequent and much larger in 10-day-old animals. The controls showed none. After 60 to 70 days they were often visible in the gross. Corroboratory findings were obtained in A mice. No parallelism could be perceived in the incidence of the tumors in mothers and offspring. The adenomas arose from tissue devoid of any sign of preliminary local disturbance. Mitoses were abundant in them and they grew rapidly for a while, but within 2 months cell division had almost ceased. By this time however many of the neoplasms were as big as any adenomas in the urethanized mother animals and in some instances twice as big. While growing fast they underwent little differentiation, but this took place when proliferation slowed and in consequence the tumors came to have the morphology of the spontaneous and induced adenomas of adults. The neoplastic cells were derived from alveolar elements, yet in proportion as differentiation of them occurred they came to resemble the epithelial cells lining the small bronchioles. Occasionally the resemblance to bronchial epithelium was complete, save that the cytoplasm of the tumor cells was slightly basophilic. The following conclusions seem justified:— 1. The injection of urethane into pregnant female mice of the C strain frequently initiates the development forthwith of pulmonary adenomas in the young she is carrying. 2. Some of the pulmonary cells of mouse embryos well along toward term possess the ability to be neoplastic. 3. The adenomatous change finds swift expression in young creatures because of conditions implicit in their youth. The rapid proliferation of the tumor cells is almost entirely due to these conditions, not to the neoplastic state as such. 4. Adenomatous change prior to birth is intrinsically the same process as that occurring in the adult creature. 5. The adenomatous state does not prevent the cells of young mice from undergoing the maturation that takes place in normal elements of the same sort as the organism grows older. Though the proliferative activity natural to youth and the unnatural activity consequent on neoplastic change are summated in the young organism, they still are separable.

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Surgical Results and Factors Affecting Outcome with Special Reference to Age Differences

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomosato Yamazaki ◽  
Kiyoyuki Yanaka ◽  
Hiroaki Sato ◽  
Kazuya Uemura ◽  
Atsuro Tsukada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE ENZYMATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE SOIL

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
E.V. Tovstik ◽  
◽  
A.S. Olkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Made In

Аn attempt is made in this work to establish correlations between the level of enzymatic activity of the soil and factors of an abiotic nature. It was found that the activity of invertase and urease in the soils of more southern territories is higher than that of northern ones. In soils with a pH value of the soil environment close to neutral reaction, the level of enzymatic activity is higher than in more acidic ones. The most sensitive to soil acidity among the studied urease enzymes. In relation to zinc, an inverse correlation was established between its content in the soil and the level of invertase activity. According to the degree of resistance to salinity, the enzymes are arranged in the following order: catalase> invertase> urease. An increase in the mineralization of the soil solution leads to an increase in the activity of urease. Of the studied enzymes, the most labile are representatives of the class of hydrolases (invertase and urease), less labile are oxidoreductases (catalase). Thus, when diagnosing the state of the soil by the level of enzymatic activity, it is necessary to take into account the main abiotic factors affecting the activity of enzymes: the average annual air temperature; pH and mineralization of the soil solution; the content of substances that inhibit microorganisms and block exozymes.

Effects of age, gender, and blood pressure on myogenic responses of mesenteric arteries from C57BL/6 mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. H380-H388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gros ◽  
Ryan Van Wert ◽  
Xiaomang You ◽  
Eric Thorin ◽  
Mansoor Husain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Old Mice

The myogenic response (MR) may represent an important physiological parameter underlying arterial blood pressure (BP). We studied the effects of age, gender, and BP on the MR of mesenteric arteries from 8- to 52-wk-old mice. Increasing age and BP are associated with an increase in the perfusion pressure at which tone develops (myogenic set point). An inverse correlation exists between age and extent (magnitude) of the MR in male ( r 2 = 0.93, P = 0.0087) and female mice ( r 2 = 0.90, P = 0.013) as well as between BP and extent of the MR in male ( r 2 = 0.96, P = 0.0036) and female ( r 2 = 0.90, P = 0.014) mice. In contrast, the strength of the MR (slope of active diameter-pressure relationship) and phenylephrine-mediated constriction did not differ among these groups. Although gender had no effect on MR at any perfusion pressure or age, only male mice showed significant salt-induced hypertension and an associated increase in the set point and reduction in the extent of the MR. The set point and extent of the MR is linked to the in vivo pressure during development and experimental hypertension.

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Surgical Results and Factors Affecting Outcome with Special Reference to Age Differences

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomosato Yamazaki ◽  
Kiyoyuki Yanaka ◽  
Hiroaki Sato ◽  
Kazuya Uemura ◽  
Atsuro Tsukada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Factors Affecting

The age and sex of the host as factors affecting the host–parasite relationship of the third-stage larva of Amplicaecum robertsi Sprent & Mines, 1960, in the laboratory mouse

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Old Mice

There was no difference between the worm burdens or the lengths of the worms recovered from sexually immature male and female mice infected with Amplicaecum robertsi.In mice older than 70 days there were fewer larvae recovered from the female than the male host. The larvae were also longer in the male than in the female mouse.The suckling mouse harboured fewer larvae than the weanling; the susceptibility of the mouse continued to increase with increasing age until the one-hundredth day in the males and the seventy-fifth day in the females. In animals older than this an age resistance was apparent. It is suggested that the much lower susceptibility of the suckling mouse is due to the small gut and villi size reducing the establishment of the larvae.Worm growth also varied with host age, the longest larvae being recovered from the suckling mice and successively smaller worms from each older age group up to the seventy-fifth day, beyond which there was no significant change in worm growth with age of the host. There was no difference between the worm burdens and the lengths of the worms recovered from 90-day-old mice. The injection of testosterone had little or no effect on the host–parasite relationship of gonad-ectomized animals. Larvae from gonadectomized mice were significantly shorter than those from the intact hosts.

scholarly journals Effect of Jati Belanda Leaves Extract on Myeloperoxidase Level in Wistar Rat's Lung Induced Contusion Pulmonum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Nia Savitri Tamzil ◽  
Evi Lusiana ◽  
Desi Oktariana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

Pulmonary contusions are injuries to the lung parenchyma that often result from blunt trauma to the chest wall. This injury will activate the inflammatory response which can produce the effects of oxidative stress so that eventually lung damage occurs. Several studies have identified the effects of Jati Belanda leaves extracts related to the inflammatory process and their effects as antioxidants. This research is an in vivo experimental study with a prepost-test with control group design approach that aims to determine the effectiveness of the extracts of Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) in its protection against pulmonary alveolar cells by pretreatment pulmonary contusions. The subjects of this study were white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain which were divided into 5 groups namely positive control, negative control, Dutch teak leaf extract 125 mg / kgBB, 250 mg / kgBB and 500 mg / kgBW. Rats were induced by dropping a weight of 400 grams as high as 50 cm. The results of the study of Jati Belanda Leaf Extract (EDJB) all doses and positive control can significantly reduce levels of myeloperoxidase expression (p <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the extracts of Jati Belanda leaves (Guazuma ulmifolia) are all effective doses in reducing the expression of myeloperoxidase in pulmonary tissue of Wistar rats induced by pulmonary contusions.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AMONG KIAIS OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA IN THE MADURESE ETHNIC GROUP

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Akhmad Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Patterns Of Communication ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

Research on communication patterns with an ethnographic approach has been conducted by many linguists, but apparently there has hardly been any  research  on communication patterns within an NU society with its strong paternalistic cultural background. In fact, the uniqueness of this culture also has had a major influence on NU members’ communication patterns in their daily interaction. This study aims to describe the communication patterns among kiais (venerated teachers of Islam) of Nahdlatul Ulama in the Madurese ethnic group (NUME) and account for the factors affecting those patterns of communication. A qualitative method with an ethnographic approach was applied to achieve this research’s objectives. The data were collected through participatory and non-participatory observations, interviews, note-taking, and recording. The recorded data were transcribed and analyzed descriptively using the components of speech analysis, conversational analysis, discourse analysis with pragmatic concepts, and explanation. This study found that giving an honor to the teacher in the NU tradition is an obligation and a tradition that is still maintained. This phenomenon is reflected in the patterns of communication among kiais that have teacher-student ties (KT-KS). The patterns of communication among kiais bearing teacher-students ties (KT-KS) are influenced by situational factors, i.e. formal and informal situations. In an informal situation the KT-KS patterns of communication are influenced by age differences. The age differences that affect the gaps of KT-KS patterns of communication both in formal and informal situations only find expression in the use of speech levels, while in terms of patterns of  language selection, tones of voice, body language, and turn-taking, the differences were not found.

scholarly journals Input, Retention, and Output Factors Affecting Adult Age Differences in Visuospatial Short-Term Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 66B (4) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Hartley ◽  
D. M. Little ◽  
N. K. Speer ◽  
J. Jonides
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Adult Age Differences
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