The critical role of magnetic helicity in astrophysical large-scale dynamos

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 124043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Magnetic Helicity

Trust in scientists in times of pandemic: Panel evidence from 12 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2108576118
Author(s):  
Yann Algan ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Eva Davoine ◽  
Martial Foucault ◽  
Stefanie Stantcheva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
Compliant Behavior ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

This article analyzes the specific and critical role of trust in scientists on both the support for and compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We exploit large-scale, longitudinal, and representative surveys for 12 countries over the period from March to December 2020, and we complement the analysis with experimental data. We find that trust in scientists is the key driving force behind individual support for and compliance with NPIs and for favorable attitudes toward vaccination. The effect of trust in government is more ambiguous and tends to diminish support for and compliance with NPIs in countries where the recommendations from scientists and the government were not aligned. Trust in others also has seemingly paradoxical effects: in countries where social trust is high, the support for NPIs is low due to higher expectations that others will voluntary social distance. Our individual-level longitudinal data also allows us to evaluate the effects of within-person changes in trust over the pandemic: we show that trust levels and, in particular, trust in scientists have changed dramatically for individuals and within countries, with important subsequent effects on compliant behavior and support for NPIs. Such findings point out the challenging but critical need to maintain trust in scientists during a lasting pandemic that strains citizens and governments.

scholarly journals The role of haploinsufficiency of RPS14 and p53 activation in the molecular pathogenesis of the 5q- syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2s) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Boultwood
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
P53 Activation ◽  
Distinct Subtype

In recent years we have gained great insight into the molecular pathogenesis of the 5q- syndrome, a distinct subtype of myelodysplasia. The demonstration of haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal gene RPS14 (mapping to the commonly deleted region) and the finding that this is the cause of the erythroid defect in the 5qsyndrome represent major advances. A mouse model of the human 5q- syndrome generated by large-scale deletion of the Cd74-Nid67 interval (containing RPS14) further supports a critical role for RPS14 haploinsufficiency. It is widely accepted that ribosomal deficiency results in p53 activation and defective erythropoiesis and the crossing of the ‘5q- mice’ with p53 deficient mice ameliorated the erythroid progenitor defect. Emerging data suggests that the p53 activation observed in the mouse model may also apply to the human 5q- syndrome.

The Carnegie Uaxactun Project and the Development of Maya Archaeology

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Carnegie Institution ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Maya Archaeology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maya Area

AbstractThe Carnegie Institution of Washington's 1924–1937. Uaxactun Project, one of the first large-scale excavations in the Maya area, established the role of dirt archaeology in Maya studies. The archaeologists who worked on this pioneering project developed many field methods and approaches that remain in use today. A review of the project and of the careers of its participants shows the critical role the Carnegie Uaxactun Project has played in the history of Maya archaeology.

scholarly journals Infrared and Millimeter Views of the Helix: the Nearest, Massive, Neutral Remnant of a Circumstellar Envelope

1999 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Huggins ◽  
P. Cox ◽  
T. Forveille ◽  
R. Bachiller ◽  
K. Young
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Circumstellar Envelope ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Visualization Techniques

We present new, infrared and millimeter views of the Helix nebula which illustrate the critical role of remnant, neutral AGB envelopes in the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae. Large scale ∼ 1 000″ mapping of the entire nebula in the CO (J = 2 − 1) line with the CSO reveals the global structure of the envelope. The CO emission forms the familiar ring structure seen in optical images of the Helix, and indicates a massive remnant with ≳ 50% the mass of the ionized nebula. High resolution CO mapping with the IRAM 30 m telescope shows that the whole envelope is fragmented into an intricate array of small clumps, closely related to the cometary globules seen in the central, ionized cavity. 5–17 μm spectroscopy of the Helix with ISOCAM reveals a remarkable near infrared spectrum, dominated by the pure (v = 0 − 0) rotational lines of H2. The H2 lines are excited to a temperature of ∼ 900 K, and likely arise in warm, outer layers of the small clumps seen in CO. Imaging of the H2 emission with ISOCAM over the whole nebula provides a striking portrait of the fragmented neutral envelope. 3-dimensional views of the envelope are also presented, based on CO mapping and using 3-dimensional visualization techniques. Point symmetries dominate the toroidal structure, and suggest an origin for the Helix in equatorial mass-loss on the AGB, shaped by the action of bipolar outflows or jets.

scholarly journals Modeling the Hydroclimatology of Kuwait: The Role of Subcloud Evaporation in Semiarid Climates

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2976-2989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc P. Marcella ◽  
Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Semiarid Region

Abstract A new subcloud layer evaporation scheme is incorporated into Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), to better simulate the rainfall distribution over a semiarid region around Kuwait. The new scheme represents subcloud layer evaporation of convective as well as large-scale rainfall. Model results are compared to observations from rain gauge data networks and satellites. The simulations show significant response to the incorporation of subcloud layer evaporation as a reduction by as much as 20% in annual rainfall occurs over the region. As a result, the new model simulations of annual rainfall are within 15% of observations. In addition, results indicate that the interannual variability of rainfall simulated by RegCM3 is sensitive to the specification of boundary conditions. For example, forcing RegCM3’s lateral boundary conditions with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data, instead of NCEP–NCAR’s Reanalysis Project 2 (NNRP2), reduces interannual variability by over 25%. Moreover, with subcloud layer evaporation incorporated and ERA-40 boundary conditions implemented, the model’s bias and root-mean-square error are significantly reduced. Therefore, the model’s ability to reproduce observed annual rainfall and the year-to-year variation of rainfall is greatly improved. Thus, these results elucidate the critical role of this natural process in simulating the hydroclimatology of semiarid climates. Last, a large discrepancy between observation datasets over the region is observed. It is believed that the inherent characteristics that are used to construct these datasets explain the differences observed in the annual and interannual variability of Kuwait’s rainfall.

Probabilistic Evaluation of the Dynamics and Predictability of the Mesoscale Convective Vortex of 10–13 June 2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 1544-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Hawblitzel ◽  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Meng ◽  
Christopher A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Probabilistic Evaluation ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Mesoscale Convective Vortex ◽  
Horizontal Grid ◽  
Development And Evolution

Abstract This study examines the dynamics and predictability of the mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) of 10–13 June 2003 through ensemble forecasting. The MCV of interest developed from a preexisting upper-level disturbance over the southwest United States on 10 June and matured as it traveled northeastward. This event is of particular interest given the anomalously strong and long-lived nature of the circulation. An ensemble of 20 forecasts using a 2-way nested mesoscale model with horizontal grid increments of 30 and 10 km are employed to probabilistically evaluate the dynamics and predictability of the MCV. Ensemble mean and spread as well as correlations between different forecast variables at different forecast times are examined. It is shown that small-amplitude large-scale balanced initial perturbations may result in very large ensemble spread, with individual solutions ranging from a very strong MCV to no MCV at all. Despite similar synoptic-scale conditions, the ensemble MCV forecasts vary greatly depending on intensity and coverage of simulated convection, illustrating the critical role of convection in the development and evolution of this MCV. Correlation analyses reveal the importance of a preexisting disturbance to the eventual development of the MCV. It is also found that convection near the center of the MCV the day after its formation may be an important factor in determining the eventual growth of a surface vortex and that a stronger midlevel vortex is more conducive to convection, especially on the downshear side, consistent with the findings of previous MCV studies.

Conceptualizing the Challenge and Moving to Solutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-266
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kazdin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse

This chapter places the challenge of reducing the burdens of mental illness in broader contexts and progresses from these to concrete recommendations on how to proceed toward next steps. The notions of wicked problems and grand challenges provide two contexts for understanding the challenge. From broad concepts, the chapter moves to means of addressing challenges and making progress in concrete ways to reduce the burdents of mental illness. Illustrations are provided of promising efforts in relation to physical health, mental disorders, and substance use and abuse. The critical role of assessment, especially large-scale surveillance measures from public health, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Indonesian Traditional Toys and the Development of Batik Motifs

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Bagus Indrayana ◽  
Karju Karju ◽  
Prima Yustana
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
The Public ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Simple Technology

<p>There is a wide array of traditional toys in Indonesia. In the past, traditional toys played an important role for skill and creativity development of children. Today, the position of traditional toys in the society is displaced by toys from large-scale manufacturers. Given the critical role of traditional toys for children’s motoric and social development, there is a need to develop media that can be used to promote these traditional products and strengthen their position in the public. We propose to use Batik as a way to effectively disseminate and promote traditional toys to the general public. Apart from this, using traditional toys to create new Batik motifs can have an economic value for the producers of Batik, promote Indonesian products and enrich the Indonesian Batik. This study aims to explore the variety of traditional toys, mainly from Klaten and Magelang, in the Central Java province of Indonesia, and use them as the basis for the development of Batik motif creation. This study used Trilogi Keseimbangan (or Harmony Trilogy) aesthetic theory analytical approach that explains the creation of craft consists of the following phases: exploration, design, and materialization. The creation method in this study adopts Tiga Tahap Enam Langkah (Three Phases, Six Steps) method offered in the theory. The finding in the field found that the traditional toys material used in Klaten and Magelang, mostly made from waste wood, plywood, and zinc. The manufacturing process is done manually by two or three craftsmen using a simple technology. The traditional toys are designed by the artisans mostly, although there may be designs from the clients. In addition, we also found that the traditional toys have never been used as a Batik motif. The traditional toys Batik motif presented in this work is researcher’s design. For the purposes of this study, we first research the variety of traditional toys available in the market today in Indonesia. We look into the process of creating these toys. Finally, we develop our own designs with the idea that these designs can be used in the creative industries, particularly in the business of batik.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Work Environment and Training Transfer Intentions: Does Organizational Justice Moderate Their Relationship?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110469
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Nausheen Syed ◽  
Faiza Rehman ◽  
Shah Rollah Bin Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
And Training

The work environment plays a vital role in the transfer of the newly attained knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) at the workplace. In the past decades, a series of studies have investigated the direct relationship between the work environment and training transfer. Surprisingly, empirical findings noted the inconsistent relationship between the work environment and training transfer. Whereas, the moderating effect between these relationships has been less examined in the training transfer literature. Therefore, addressing this gap, the prospective study was designed to investigate the moderating role of organizational justice as a potential moderator between the relationships of work environment and training transfer in Pakistani large-scale textile organizations (LSTO). Survey data were collected from 336 front-line managers by employing a multi-stage sampling technique. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression technique were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that supervisor support, peer support, and opportunity to use learning (i.e., dimensions of work environment) correlate positively with training transfer. The findings also confirmed the moderating role of procedural justice and distributive justice (i.e., dimensions of organization justice) between the relationship of work environment and training transfer. These results underscore the critical role played by organizational justice to enhance the transfer of training at the workplace. This study shows, for the first time, that how organizational justice is an important mechanism to stimulate the work environment to training transfer.

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