Conceptualizing the Challenge and Moving to Solutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-266
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kazdin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse

This chapter places the challenge of reducing the burdens of mental illness in broader contexts and progresses from these to concrete recommendations on how to proceed toward next steps. The notions of wicked problems and grand challenges provide two contexts for understanding the challenge. From broad concepts, the chapter moves to means of addressing challenges and making progress in concrete ways to reduce the burdents of mental illness. Illustrations are provided of promising efforts in relation to physical health, mental disorders, and substance use and abuse. The critical role of assessment, especially large-scale surveillance measures from public health, is also discussed.

Service provision in disaster preparation, response, and recovery for individuals with predisaster mental illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Teten Tharp, PhD ◽  
Joseph I. Constans, PhD ◽  
Rob Yin, LISW ◽  
Greer Sullivan, MD, MSPH ◽  
Jennifer J. Vasterling, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Field Triage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disaster Preparation ◽  
Response And Recovery

Individuals with preexisting mental disorders are at increased risk for negative outcomes following a disaster and are one type of vulnerable subpopulation that requires special consideration in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.We describe evidence of the increased risk for individuals with predisaster mental illness as well as tools for field triage, the critical role of partnerships in preparedness and response, and integration of mental health as a priority in emergency management systems. Considering individuals with predisaster mental disorders at each phase of a disaster may ameliorate some negative postdisaster outcomes, such as suicide.

National Statistics in the Epidemiology of Mental Illness

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (441) ◽  
pp. 893-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Long Time

For a long time epidemiology was a term associated with the study of outbreaks of disease which were sudden and large-scale. The attempt to find common causative agents to which the majority of cases could be attributed has provoked a literature worthy to rank with some of the best detective fiction. So many of the guilty agents have now been either liquidated or rendered impotent that infectious illnesses have ceased to occupy the centre of the public health stage, and have yielded place, as objects of concern, to such chronic diseases as cancer, rheumatism, heart disease and the schizophrenias. These diseases do not generally show explosive outbreaks, although mental disorders have been known to behave in this way, as witness the outbreaks of Dancing Mania which originated in Italy in the thirteenth century. All this has led to a more exact concept of epidemiology as “the study of the distribution of a disease or condition in a population and of the factors that influence this distribution” (Lilienfeld (1)).

scholarly journals COVID-19 as an “Infodemic” in Public Health: Critical Role of the Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debanjan Banerjee ◽  
K. S. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Impact

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a significant and global public health crisis. Besides the rising number of cases and fatalities, the outbreak has also affected economies, employment and policies alike. As billions are being isolated at their homes to contain the infection, the uncertainty gives rise to mass hysteria and panic. Amidst this, there has been a hidden epidemic of “information” that makes COVID-19 stand out as a “digital infodemic” from the earlier outbreaks. Repeated and detailed content about the virus, geographical statistics, and multiple sources of information can all lead to chronic stress and confusion at times of crisis. Added to this is the plethora of misinformation, rumor and conspiracy theories circulating every day. With increased digitalization, media penetration has increased with a more significant number of people aiding in the “information pollution.” In this article, we glance at the unique evolution of COVID-19 as an “infodemic” in the hands of social media and the impact it had on its spread and public reaction. We then look at the ways forward in which the role of social media (as well as other digital platforms) can be integrated into social and public health, for a better symbiosis, “digital balance” and pandemic preparedness for the ongoing crisis and the future.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Mental Disorder, Clinical Profile, Inpatient Services, And Costs in People Hospitalised Following Traumatic Spinal Injury: A Population Record-Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nicole Sharwood ◽  
Taneal Wiseman ◽  
Emma Tseris ◽  
Kate Curtis ◽  
Bharat Vaikuntam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Icd 10

IntroductionRisk of traumatic injury is increased in individuals with mental illness, substance use disorder and dual diagnosis (mental disorders); these conditions will pre-exist among individuals hospitalised with acute traumatic spinal injury (TSI). Although early intervention can improve outcomes for people who experience mental disorders or TSI, the incidence, management, and cost of this often complex comorbid health profile is not sufficiently understood. Objectives and ApproachIn a whole-population cohort of patients hospitalised with acute TSI, we aimed to describe the prevalence of pre-existing mental disorders, and compare differences in injury epidemiology, costs and inpatient allied health service access. Record-linkage study of all hospitalised cases of TSI between June 2013 and June 2016 in New South Wales, Australia. TSI was defined by specific ICD-10-AM codes. Mental disorder status was considered as pre-existing where specific ICD-10-AM codes were recorded in incident admissions. Results13,489 individuals sustained acute TSI during this study. 13.11%, 6.06%, and 1.82% had pre-existing mental illness, substance use disorder, and dual diagnosis, respectively. Individuals with mental disorder were older (p<0.001), more likely to have had a fall or self-harmed (p<0.001), experienced almost twice the length of stay and inpatient complications, and increased injury severity compared to individuals without mental disorder (p<0.001). Conclusion / ImplicationsIndividuals hospitalised for TSI with pre-existing mental disorder have greater likelihood of increased injury severity and more complex, costly acute care admissions compared to individuals without mental disorder. Care pathway optimisation including prevention of hospital acquired complications for people with pre-existing mental disorders hospitalised for TSI is warranted.

Trust in scientists in times of pandemic: Panel evidence from 12 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2108576118
Author(s):  
Yann Algan ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Eva Davoine ◽  
Martial Foucault ◽  
Stefanie Stantcheva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
Compliant Behavior ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

This article analyzes the specific and critical role of trust in scientists on both the support for and compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We exploit large-scale, longitudinal, and representative surveys for 12 countries over the period from March to December 2020, and we complement the analysis with experimental data. We find that trust in scientists is the key driving force behind individual support for and compliance with NPIs and for favorable attitudes toward vaccination. The effect of trust in government is more ambiguous and tends to diminish support for and compliance with NPIs in countries where the recommendations from scientists and the government were not aligned. Trust in others also has seemingly paradoxical effects: in countries where social trust is high, the support for NPIs is low due to higher expectations that others will voluntary social distance. Our individual-level longitudinal data also allows us to evaluate the effects of within-person changes in trust over the pandemic: we show that trust levels and, in particular, trust in scientists have changed dramatically for individuals and within countries, with important subsequent effects on compliant behavior and support for NPIs. Such findings point out the challenging but critical need to maintain trust in scientists during a lasting pandemic that strains citizens and governments.

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