Long Range Electromagnetic Field Nature of Nerve Signal Propagation in Myelinated Axons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Wei Zhai ◽  
Kelvin J. A. Ooi ◽  
Sheng-Yong Xu ◽  
C. K. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
Nerve Signal

Electro-stimulation Parameter for Neuropathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 00 (01) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
John D Young
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Stimulation Parameter ◽  
Nerve Signal ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models ◽  
Conducting Research

As a result of conducting research and reviewing published studies from around the world, new models concerning the causes of neuropathy have been discovered. What is needed is a fuller understanding of the etiology of the condition so that new technology can be brought to bear with both ameliorative and therapeutic benefits. This article offers a description of an ideal type of electronic stimulator that would likely offer significant benefits to the treatment of neuropathy. Neuropathy results when nerve signal propagation is reduced between adjacent nerve cells due to insufficient oxygen being available to support nerve cell metabolism. This is responsible for 90% of all neuropathy cases.

scholarly journals Hydrogen exchange of chemoreceptors in functional complexes suggests protein stabilization mediates long-range allosteric coupling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuni Li ◽  
Stephen J. Eyles ◽  
Lynmarie K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Domain ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Exchange Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Chemotaxis Receptors

ABSTRACTBacterial chemotaxis receptors form extended hexagonal arrays that integrate and amplify signals to control swimming behavior. Transmembrane signaling begins with a 2 Å ligand-induced displacement of an alpha helix in the periplasmic and transmembrane domains, but it is not known how the cytoplasmic domain propagates the signal an additional 200 Å to control the kinase CheA bound to the membrane-distal tip of the receptor. The receptor cytoplasmic domain has previously been shown to be highly dynamic as both a cytoplasmic fragment (CF) and within the intact chemoreceptor; modulation of its dynamics are thought to play a key role in signal propagation. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) of functional complexes of CF, CheA, and CheW bound to vesicles in native-like arrays reveals that the CF is well-ordered only in its protein interaction region where it binds CheA and CheW. Rapid exchange is observed throughout the rest of the CF, with both uncorrelated (EX2) and correlated (EX1) exchange patterns, suggesting the receptor cytoplasmic domain retains disorder even within functional complexes. HDX rates are increased by inputs that favor the kinase-off state. We propose that chemoreceptors achieve long-range allosteric control of the kinase through a coupled equilibrium: CheA binding in a kinase-on conformation stabilizes the cytoplasmic domain, and signaling inputs that destabilize this domain (ligand binding and demethylation) disfavor CheA binding such that it loses key contacts and reverts to a kinase-off state. This study reveals the mechanistic role of an intrinsically disordered region of a transmembrane receptor in long-range allostery.

POSITIVE FEEDBACK-ASSISTED SHORT/LONG-RANGE CELL SIGNALINGS IN MAPK CASCADES

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1787
Author(s):  
YANBIN ZHANG ◽  
KENIAN CHEN ◽  
JUNWEI WANG ◽  
AIMIN CHEN ◽  
TIANSHOU ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mapk Cascades ◽  
Range Cell ◽  
Living Organisms

In this paper, we study potentials of positive feedback in spatial phosphoprotein signal propagation. For this, we consider a signaling pathway of four-tiered protein kinase cascades with each tier involving single (de)phosphorylation reactions only. In the case of a small cell, we propose a short positive feedback for short-range cell signaling, which can generate bistability to facilitate the phosphoprotein signal propagation from the plasma membrane to the periphery of cell nucleus. In contrast, in the case of a large cell for which the long-range signaling cannot be achieved by the short feedback, we propose a long positive feedback, and find that it can facilitate the propagation of phosphoprotein signal over a long distance. These results imply that positive-feedback mechanisms would be employed by living organisms for spatial information transfer and cellular decision-making processing.

scholarly journals Distinctive receptive field and physiological properties of a wide-field amacrine cell in the macaque monkey retina

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1606-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Manookin ◽  
Christian Puller ◽  
Fred Rieke ◽  
Jay Neitz ◽  
Maureen Neitz
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Spatial Integration

At early stages of visual processing, receptive fields are typically described as subtending local regions of space and thus performing computations on a narrow spatial scale. Nevertheless, stimulation well outside of the classical receptive field can exert clear and significant effects on visual processing. Given the distances over which they occur, the retinal mechanisms responsible for these long-range effects would certainly require signal propagation via active membrane properties. Here the physiology of a wide-field amacrine cell—the wiry cell—in macaque monkey retina is explored, revealing receptive fields that represent a striking departure from the classic structure. A single wiry cell integrates signals over wide regions of retina, 5–10 times larger than the classic receptive fields of most retinal ganglion cells. Wiry cells integrate signals over space much more effectively than predicted from passive signal propagation, and spatial integration is strongly attenuated during blockade of NMDA spikes but integration is insensitive to blockade of NaV channels with TTX. Thus these cells appear well suited for contributing to the long-range interactions of visual signals that characterize many aspects of visual perception.

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