Acupuncture compared with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for improving Schirmer I test and OSDI scores for treating dry eye in menopausal women

Abstract Purpose: To assess the effect of oral vitamin D3 supplementation in dry eye after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).Setting: Liuzhou Worker’s Hospital.Design: This prospective study included 90 patients selected between January and December in 2019, who underwent fs-lasik operation in our hospital and had obvious symptoms indicating dry eyes one month after operation. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 45) received vitamin D3 2000 IU / D continuously for 12 weeks; the control group (n = 45) did not take vitamin D3 orally. Ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, tear breakup time（TBUT）and Schirmer’s Test I were evaluated pre-medication and 1,3,6 months after treatment. Serum vitamin D level, and the mean concentration of cytokine IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 in tears were also measured. Results: One month after treatment, the mean OSDI score of the experimental group (11.67 ± 8.53) was significantly lower than that of the control group (23.82 ± 13.22) (P = 0.007). TBUT (10.71±1.02s) and Schirmer I (9.36±0.40mm) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (7.49±1.29 s and 7.51±0.44 mm). The OSDI (10.25 ± 5.49), TBUT (10.75±1.09 seconds) and Schirmer I test value (11.34±0.39 mm) of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (20.22±6.23, 8.36±1.23， 8.12±0.50) at 3 months after treatment. There were significant differences in OSDI, TBUT (P ＜ 0.05) and Schirmer I test value between the two groups at 6 months after treatment. Serum vitamin D3 level was negatively correlated with OSDI score (r=-0.90；P=0.00), and positively correlated with Schirmer I test (r=0.88；P=0.00), TBUT score (r=0.89；P=0.00) and TMH (r=0.80；P=0.00). IL-17 level was shown to be significantly correlated with TBUT (r=-0.25, P=0.014) and Schirmer I test (r=-0.21, P=0.018). IL-6 level was significantly correlated with OSDI (R=0.18, P = 0.020) and TBUT (R=0.20, P = 0.019).

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Hormonal Regulation of the Dry Eye.

10.46940/cjoec.02.1004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Lacrimal Gland ◽

Hormonal Regulation ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Young Males ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Clear Vision ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Males And Females

Abstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in females) the pathophysiological conditions of lacrimal gland alter which results in Dry/Wet eye. Most of the menopausal women and young males and females face dry eye disorder due to environmental insults and therefore, we hypothesize that the acinar cells of lacrimal gland should have estrogen receptors. In support of this earlier we have localized estrogen receptors on eye lens epithelial cells that also regulated by sex steroid hormones.

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Study of dry eye in post-menopausal women

Tropical Journal of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology ◽

10.17511/jooo.2019.i05.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 328-333

Author(s):

Dr. J. Samuel Cornelius Gnanadurai ◽

◽

Dr. S. Vimala Karunanidhi ◽

Dr. Balaji Ramraj ◽

Dr. M. Sathish Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

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The Association between Tear Film Thickness as Measured with OCT and Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 6 Clinical Trials

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9113791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3791

Author(s):

Gerhard Garhöfer ◽

Valentin Aranha Dos Santos ◽

Hannes Stegmann ◽

Doreen Schmidl ◽

Narine Adzhemian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Break Up ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Schirmer I Test

Purpose: To determine the association between tear film thickness (TFT) as measured with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Methods: A total of 450 eyes from 225 patients with DED from six different randomized clinical trials were included in this pooled analysis. In all subjects, TFT was measured with a custom-built UHR-OCT system. Symptoms of DED were quantified using a standardized Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSD)I questionnaire and clinical signs including tear film break up time (TFBUT) and Schirmer I test were assessed. Associations of the average TFT with OSDI, TFBUT, and Schirmer I test were calculated using a linear regression analysis. Results: The average TFT of the included sample (mean age, 45.0 ± 13.3 years; 65% female) was 4.2 ± 0.5 µm and the OSDI 36.2 ± 10.4. A significant negative correlation was found between TFT and OSDI (r = −0.36 to −0.31; p < 0.001). Tear break up time and Schirmer I test were not correlated with OSDI. Significant albeit weak correlations were found between TFT and TFBUT (r = 0.17 to 0.25; p < 0.01) as well as Schirmer I (r = 0.36 to 0.37; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the correlation was stronger in the subjects with abnormal Schirmer I (<15 mm; r = 0.50 to 0.54; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates an objective measurement of TFT using a novel OCT approach for DED that correlates with symptoms and signs of DED. Our data are consistent with the idea that TFT represents the aqueous-deficient component of DED.

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Hospital based study of prevalence of dry eye in post-menopausal women

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.5958/2395-1451.2016.00014.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rahul Agarwal ◽

Priti Singh ◽

Tanya Rajpal ◽

Rashmi Kumar ◽

Sapna Raghuwanshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

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Smoking as Risk Factors to Dry Eye Syndrome

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v15i1.8611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Alteriana Mydriati Sita Pritasari ◽

Soraya Nur Faida ◽

Siti Thomas Zulaikhah

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Test Results ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Schirmer I Test

Cigarette smoke can damage the fat layer of the tear film lperoxidation. Dry eye syndromeis a cluster of disorders caused by an imbalance between production and excretionof tears, causing symptoms of discomfort in the eye. This study aims to related riskfactors smoke of dry eye syndrome. Analytic observational with cross sectional design,population of all visitors, officers and employees KAI Poncol station Semarang. Sampleof 60 respondents who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data about dry eye syndrome are examined using Schirmer I test, data on smoking were taken using a checklist.The data obtained were analyzed using chi-square test. Results of the respondentswho smoke and have dry eye syndrome was higher (80.6%) compared with non-smokers(25.0%). The results chi-square test p=0.000 (p<0.05), PR = 3.222 (95%CI:1.582-6.562).Smoke who risk 3.222 times higher chance of developing dry eye syndrome comparedwith do not smoke.

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Correlation between Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time and Invasive Tear Breakup Time for Dry Eye Syndrome Diagnosis

The Eye ◽

10.33791/2222-4408-2021-1-15-22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

K. A. Mubarakova ◽

S. A. Mukhanov ◽

I. F. Saliyev ◽

N. H. Habibullayeva

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Optical Power ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Syndrome Diagnosis ◽

Breakup Time ◽

Test Result ◽

Schirmer I Test

Introduction: in today’s digital environment, dry eye complaints step forward in all age groups. Along with dry eye syndrome, the diagnosis of which is not complicated, there are other causes of dryness such as dysfunction of the tear film and Meibomian glands, etc. For the early detection of the above conditions, invasive diagnostic methods are mainly used.Aim: to compare Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time (NITBUT) assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer to results of invasive tests for dry eye syndrome diagnosis to determine the possibility of a wider use of LacryDiag in practical ophthalmology. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with dry eye, burning and feeling of a foreign body complaints participated in this study. Mean age amounted to 28.85 ± 5.86 years. NITBUT was assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer. The data obtained was compared to the results of Invasive Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) – Norne test, and Schirmer I test.Results: both quantitative and qualitative values of tear film stability were analyzed in all participants. Based on results of the Schirmer I test, patients were divided into subgroups: where it was greater than 21 mm, between 11 and 20 mm, between 6 and 10 mm, and less than 5 mm/ The mean value of the Schirmer I test result amounted to 15.32 ± 6.05 mm/5 min, NITBUT amounted to 9.59 ± 4.37 s, while invasive TBUT amounted to 8.98 ± 3.79 s. It was found that invasive TBUT is in a strong direct correlation with NITBUT values (p <0.001, r = 0.554). No correlation was discovered between Schirmer I test results and TBUT (p = 0.15, r = 0.207) as well as between Schirmer I test result and NITBUT (p = 0.17, r =0.228). No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film structure abnormalities.Conclusion: a strong correlation was found between results of invasive and non-invasive methods of tear film breakup time assessment. No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film disruption. The non-invasive test was found to be an effective and objective method for diagnosing dry eye.

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