scholarly journals Microstructure and Phase Investigation of Sn-58Bi-xCu Lead-Free Solder After Immersion in Sodium Chloride Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Samsudin ◽  
Wei Yee Wong ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri ◽  
Pramod K Singh ◽  
Rosli Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Coupling Potential

Abstract The changes in microstructure and phase of tin-bismuth-copper (Sn-58Bi-xCu) were investigated after immersion in 3.5 wt. % sodium chloride (NaCl) at variations of Cu micro-alloying at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 wt. %. The morphological observation revealed that the long crystal grains of the Cu-rich phase were produced as the amount of Cu increased. The phase analysis shows that at 0.5 wt. % Cu additions, the intermetallic compound od Cu6Sn5 began to form and dominate the microstructure. After immersion in NaCl, a porous structure was seen covering the surface of the ternary solder, indicating the formation of a defective corrosion protection layer. The predominance of Cu6Sn5 is believed to boost the galvanic corrosion coupling potential of the ternary solder. As a result, the more electrochemically reactive phase was pushed to be eliminated during immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Thus the black spots were formed. The presence of Cu6Sn5 was seen to be detrimental to the electrochemical performance of Sn-58Bi-xCu.

scholarly journals Corrosion and Leaching Behaviours of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni Lead-Free Solder in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Ervin C. Guerrero ◽  
Drexel H. Camacho ◽  
Omid Mokhtari ◽  
Hiroshi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Solder Joint ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Passivation Film ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Free Solder

The corrosion and leaching behaviour of a new ternary Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is reported herein. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni has the highest corrosion rate. Results of the 30-day Sn leaching measurement show that Sn-Cu-Ni joint has slight decrease attributed to the formation of thin passivation film after 15 days. The leaching amounts of Sn are observed to be higher in solder joint than in solder alloy due to the galvanic corrosion happening on the surface. EDS and XRD results of the corroded surface confirm that the corroded product is made up of oxides of tin.

On the treatment of infected wounds with 10% sodium chloride solution

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-578
Author(s):  
I. Tsimkhes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Infected Wounds

B. M. Shtark (Zhurn. Sovrem, surgery, century 20, 1929) treated 104 patients with purulent panaritiums, opened acute abscesses and phlegmons, lymphadenitis, mumps, mastitis, etc., treated with 10% NaCl solution

Improvement in the corrosion resistance of stainless steel 304L in sodium chloride solution by a nanoclay incorporated silane coating

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ansari ◽  
R. Naderi ◽  
C. Dehghanian
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel 304L ◽  
Silane Coating

An eco-friendly silane sol–gel coating incorporating nanoclay was formulated to provide an effective corrosion protection for stainless steel 304L in a NaCl solution.

scholarly journals Effects of hypertonic saline preloading in sub arachnoid blockade for transurethral resection of prostate - A comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Rafayet Ullah Siddique ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Debabrata Banik ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Group B

Background: Hypertonic solution is used to combat hypotension in sub-arachnoid block during trans urethral resection of prostate. Aims and objectives: To compare the effect of 3% sodium chloride solution with that of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to combat sub-arachnoid block induced hypotension in trans urethral resection of prostate. Methods: A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I & II were selected randomly in two groups , thirty in each group. Group A received 15ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl solution and group B 4ml/kg of 3% NaCl solution as a preload. Sub arachnoid block performed at the L3/4 interspace in the sitting position. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, amount of ephedrine, amount of used additional I/V normal saline, serum electrolytes and level of sensory block were observed. Results: Mean arterial pressure was differed significantly at late hours ie, 50min, 60min (P<0.001). Incidence of hypotension was 43% in group A, 16% in group B and was significant (p<0.05). Less additional I/V fluid was required in group B and difference was significant (P<0.05). Low doses of ephedrine was needed in group B and was highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preloading of hypertonic solution is superior to isotonic solution in trans urethral resection of prostate under sub arachnoid block. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v22i2.18145 Journal of BSA, 2009; 22(2): 66-71

Effect of Cadmium Addition on the Galvanic Corrosion of AM60 Magnesium Alloy in 0.1 M Sodium Chloride Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Magdalene Edet Ikpi ◽  
Jun Hua Dong ◽  
Wei Ke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
New Phase

The corrosion behaviour of AM60 magnesium alloy containing 1.88 wt.% Cd in 0.1 M NaCl solution was investigated by weight loss and hydrogen evolution measurements. The microstructure was evaluated using EPMA. Cd was observed to have an even distribution, hence, no new phase was formed. The corrosion resistance was enhanced by the addition of Cd. The rate of corrosion reduced by a factor of 1.5 times that of AM60 alloy. The microstructure played a crucial role as the presence of defects in the alloys initiated and accelerated corrosion.

Influence of anodic coatings on stress corrosion behaviour of 7017 aluminium alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Spathis
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Free Corrosion Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dry Air

Purpose – The purpose of this work was to study the cracking susceptibility of a 7017 aluminium alloy, after anodising under various conditions. Design/methodology/approach – Slow strain tests in dry air, laboratory air and sodium chloride solution were employed. Anodic oxide films were produced with various applied current densities and thicknesses, in horizontal or vertical orientation of the coatings, at the free corrosion potential and also at various anodic or cathodic potentials. For the interpretation of the results, a metallographic study of the specimens before and after straining to failure was carried out using a scanning electron microscope. Findings – The behaviour of anodic coatings was found to depend very much on the anodising conditions. The coatings reduced the ductility of the alloy in dry air but can actually increase the ductility in laboratory air and in 3.5 per cent sodium chloride solution. In most cases, the ductility of coated specimens was greater in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution than in dry air, possibly due to crack blunting by the aggressive environment. Anodic coatings moved the free corrosion potential of the alloy in the noble direction and both the anodised and the bare alloy generally suffered a reduction in ductility at potentials anodic or cathodic to the free corrosion potential, the fall being more rapid for the anodised alloy. Research limitations/implications – The mechanism causing the increased ductility of coated specimens in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution than in dry air remains yet to be confirmed. Practical implications – The selection of suitable anodic coatings for the protection of aluminium alloys against stress corrosion cracking depends on the anodising conditions. Originality/value – The paper provides information regarding the influence of anodising conditions on the anticorrosive properties of electrolytically prepared anodic coatings on aluminium alloys.

Effects of saturated sodium chloride solution on coccidial oocysts

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Ryley ◽  
John F. Ryley
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Saturated Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Minimal Contact ◽  
Eimeria Stiedai

SummaryUsing the ability to sporulate as a measure of viability, the effects of exposure of unsporulated oocysts of 10 species of coccidia of chickens, rabbits and cattle to saturated NaCl solution has been studied. Although appreciable deformation and collapse of the oocyst occurred after 1–2 days contact, the effect was reversible after washing free from salt and incubating. Some reduction in ability to sporulate following several days contact with saturated salt was noted in most species, although no effect was seen with Eimeria stiedai following 7 days exposure, Eimeria tenella was one of the more sensitive species studied. Culture titration experiments in chickens with E. tenella indicated that oocysts which had sporulated following prolonged exposure to salt were in no way inferior in virulence or ability to retain virulence on prolonged storage to oocysts prepared with minimal contact with salt. No evidence was obtained to contra-indicate the use of salt-flotation methods for the separation of oocysts from faeces.

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