scholarly journals Design and Development of Water Distribution Monitoring System in Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAM) Based On Internet Of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2111 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Efrizon ◽  
M. Irmansyah ◽  
Era Madona ◽  
N Anggara ◽  
Yultrisna
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Sensor Reading ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Monitor Data

Abstract The purpose of this study is to create a prepaid PDAM clean water distribution system using a microcontroller based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The hardware used to realize the system consists of ultrasonic sensors, water flow sensors, relays, LCD buzzers and Arduino. ESP 8266 01 for delivery to the Thingspeak app. From the test results obtained HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor reading error occurs when the water level is low and too high, the maximum measurable water level is 95%. When calculating the comparison between the water discharge that is read by the sensor and that measured by the measuring cup, the results are always not the same. The error when testing the water flow sensor at the water level is less than 49% this is influenced by the speed of the water fired by the pump, where the pump will be under low pressure when the water level is below that value. The system can monitor data readings from the water flow sensor using the ESP8266 monitored on the thinkspeak web server using a smartphone. Overall the tool can function well.

scholarly journals Water Discharge and River Depth Measurement Using Fuzzy Logic Based on Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-391
Author(s):  
Kurnia Wisuda Aji ◽  
Aji Gautama Putrada ◽  
Sidik Prabowo ◽  
Mas'ud Adhi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Depth Measurement

Based on statistics from Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) there are still many casualties caused by drifting or drowning in rivers every year. This is because most victims do not have sufficient information related to water discharge and river depth. In an effort to reduce the potential victims of these problems, a prototype was designed to provide a warning regarding river status as a display in the detail condition of the river in real-time. In this research, a prototype measuring instrument was produced that could provide information on water discharge and river depth in a sustainable and real-time manner. The prototype device consists of two main sensors as an implementation of internet of things, a water flow sensor and an ultrasonic sensor. Water flow sensor used to calculate the water discharge, and ultrasonic sensor used to measure depth of the river. Fuzzy logic has been used because it can work well for simple classification and work similarly like human reasoning. This information can be monitored through the website and LCD attached on the device. The results of the study with the help of the Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) method indicated that greater input value of the water discharge and the river depth caused more dangerous of the river status. Whereas the prototype produced has an error range of 5-6 cm for depth information generated by the ultrasonic sensor while the accuracy of the water flow sensor on the master device is 79.75% and the slave device is 84%.  

scholarly journals Sistem Pendistribusian Air Bersih Metode Prabayar Terkendali Mikrokontroler Berbasis IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035
Author(s):  
Efrizon ◽  
Muhammad Irmansyah ◽  
Anggara Nasution ◽  
Era Madona ◽  
Anggi Lifya Rani
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sensor Reading ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Measurement Results

A number of problems sometimes often arise regarding the flow of clean water from Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAMs) to customers, such as the flow of water stops suddenly or there is no water at all, so it is necessary to manufacture a prototype system for monitoring the distribution of clean water with a microcontroller-controlled prepaid method. IoT based. The distribution of PDAM water that is channeled to consumers can be monitored online through the Internet network. The objectives of this research are (a) to make a prototype (prototype) of a prepaid clean water distribution system controlled by a microcontroller based on IoT, (b) to program an Arduino IDE-assisted system, and (c) to measure system performance. The research method starts from making a prototype physical form of clean water distribution assisted by a microcontroller, programming the microcontroller and Wi-Fi module, and measuring system performance. The results of measuring system performance are indicated by an error in the ultrasonic sensor reading HC-SR04 that occurs when the water level is low and too high with a maximum measured water level of 95%. The error when measuring the waterflow sensor at the water level is lower than 49% which is influenced by the water speed from the low pressure pump when the water level is below that value. The accuracy level of the waterflow sensor is 96.96% which is based on the sensor measurement results which are compared to the measurement results with a measuring cup. The system can monitor data readings from the waterflow sensor by using the NodeMCU ESP8266 on a web server from Thinkspeak via the smartphone screen. Overall the tool can function well

scholarly journals Economic design of alternative system to reduce the water distribution losses for sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Surendra ◽  
B. T. Suresh ◽  
T. D. Ullas ◽  
T. Vinayak ◽  
Vinay P. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractWater companies and their consumers affected with leakages in water distribution system worldwide. This has attracted many practitioner’s attention as well as researchers over the past years. Selected study area suffers from water losses of about 10 to 15% which accounts to loss of about 9 to 9.75 million liters per month. The present study was under taken to understand, analyze and evaluate the losses and suggest preventive measures of wrapping and repair clamping for control of these losses. The assessment of water losses is done through comparative analysis of data using Microsoft Excel software. Population forecasting is done in context of assessing the amount of water lost that can be prevented in future decades, adjusting to increased water demand and losses. For better efficiency of the suggested methods, experimental analysis was carried out on a reduced scale model of a single stretched pipeline. Cost estimation of the preventive measures was done by obtaining information about the materials used by trading professionals.

scholarly journals Prototyping of Flooding Early Warning System using Internet of Things Technology and Social Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 16003
Author(s):  
Aris Haris Rismayana ◽  
Castaka Agus Sugianto ◽  
Ida Bagus Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

When the rainy season arrives, flooding is a common phenomenon. Almost every street, housing, village, river, even in the city center, wherever floods can occur. One effort to prevent the flooding is to create a floodgate on reservoirs or dams that are used to control the water distribution. The water level at this dam must be checked frequently to anticipate if the water level is at a dangerous level. The inspection of water levels will be very difficult if it must be conducted by humans who must be available in the field at any time. This research aims to create a prototype system that can replace the human role in monitoring the dam water level condition at any time by developing an integrated system between hardware and software using IoT (Internet of Things) technology approach and social media (twitter and telegram). The developed system consists of the height sensor (distance), microcontroller and wifi module, which is placed on the water gate. This system serves to measure the water level at any time and send data in real time to the server. The results of system testing performed shows that when the system is in normal circumstances, the system sends data to the server every minute, and updates the status of water level in twitter every 5 minutes. In case the water level has exceeded a predetermined limit, the system sends data to the server every 5 seconds and passes the warning message to all registered telegram contacts.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEM IN GENTENG SUB-DISTRICT BANYUWANGI USING EPANET 2.0 PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmad Jayanti ◽  
Ririn Endah Badriani ◽  
Yeny Dhokhikah
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Simulation Results

The clean water distribution in the Genteng Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency is included in the service area of the Zone 1 PDAM tile unit. The 60 liters/second reservoir discharge capacity is obtained from Sumber Umbul Sari in the Glenmore District. The distribution of clean water in Zone 1 is still less than 70% of the area served, as the installed discharge capacity is estimated to be insufficient. In order to achieve the distribution goal, a network system must be developed by adding direct debits and planning a new pipeline. The Epanet 2.0 program simplifies the calculation of pipeline networks by integrating elevation data, network maps, pipeline specification, and load. The analysis of the simulation results was conducted using the Public Works Minister's hydraulic parameter standards 2007. Planning of a distribution network and a cost budget in 2029 were done to estimate the water supply needs and budgets required. The hydraulic simulation results based on the analysis of the pressure of all joints are in accordance with the standard, while the analysis of the velocity in pipe is less standard. The need for water discharge in 2029 is 71.6 liters/second. In Kembiritan Village, the construction of distribution pipes with an additional reservoir unit was planned. The planned pipe dimensions in the development area were 25 mm at 796 meters, 50 mm at 4062 meters, and 75 mm at 1518 meters. The cost of planning a clean water distribution system in 2029 is Rp. 1,431,375,000.00. Distribusi air bersih di Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan wilayah pelayanan Zona 1 PDAM unit Genteng. Kapasitas debit reservoir sebesar 60 liter/detik berasal dari sumber umbul sari di Kecamatan Glenmore. Pendistribusian air bersih di wilayah Zona 1 masih kurang dari 70% wilayah yang terlayani, karena diperkirakan kapasitas debit yang terpasang kurang mencukupi. Untuk memenuhi target pemerataan distribusi perlu pengembangan sistem jaringan dengan penambahan debit dan perencanaan jaringan pipa baru. Program Epanet 2.0 memudahkan dalam perhitungan jaringan perpipaan dengan mengintegrasi data elevasi, peta jaringan, spesifikasi pipa dan debit. Analisis hasil simulasi menggunakan standar parameter hidrolis Permen PU 2007. Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan anggaran biaya pada tahun 2029 guna memperkirakan debit kebutuhan air dan anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan. Hasil simulasi hidrolis berdasarkan analisis tekanan semua junction telah sesuai standar, sedangkan analisis kecepatan masih di bawah standar. Kebutuhan debit air tahun 2029 sebesar 71,6 Liter/detik. Pengembangan pipa distribusi direncanakan di Desa Kembiritan dengan tambahan satu unit reservoir. Dimensi pipa rencana di wilayah pengembangan digunakan diameter 25 mm sepanjang 796 m, diameter 50 mm sepanjang 4062 m dan diameter 75 mm sepanjang 1518 m. Biaya perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih tahun 2029 sebesar Rp. 1.431.375.000,00.

scholarly journals PROTOTYPE OF WATER PIPE LEAKAGE DETECTOR USING FLOWMETER SENSOR BASED ON ARDUINO UNO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Parama Diptya Widayaka ◽  
Lutfi Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Hall Effect Sensor ◽  
Flow Through

Water pipe leakage causes financial loss for the user such as PAM or PDAM. YF-S201B flowmeter sensor is a water flow sensor made of plastic with a rotor and hall effect sensor inside. The rotor will spin when the water flow through the sensor. The speed of rotor spin is proportional to the water flow. The hall effect based sensor can be used to detect water flow up to 30 liter/minute (1.800L/hour) thus, the sensor can be used to control the water flow in distribution system and water debit monitoring. The principle of prototype is the placement of sensor before the leakage and after leakage position to obtain different value of water debit. The system will send a short message automatically to the phone if water leakage is detected in the pipeline.

scholarly journals The Water Distribution System Performance in Sekar Gading Residence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2159-2163
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Reliability Level

Water distribution systems are built to meet the water needs of a city or community. The management of water distribution can be conducted by government agencies as well as independently as in Sekar Gading Residence. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of water network service managed by Sekar Gading Residence Service by analyzing the performance of network service to network ability in fulfilling minimum requirement of customer from water discharge side. The result of debit analysis from water meter showed that the reliability level was 70%. While, the system can be considered to be satisfactory if the minimum reliability level of 80% is fulfilled. Therefore, the water management system would be n failling condition about 2.94 months, and with very failure rate varying between 14.29% to 71.43% deficit. The conclusion of this study is the performance of clean water network service in Sekar Gading Housing was not up to the optimal solution.

Virus behaviour within a distribution system

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quignon ◽  
L. Kiene ◽  
Y. Levi ◽  
M. Sardin ◽  
L. Schwartzbrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Viral Responses ◽  
Gamma Law

If viruses are introduced into a drinking water distribution system they will be submitted to various phenomena, including inactivation, aggregation, adsorption but the actual inactivation rate is impossible to estimate. A pilot-scale study evaluated the behaviour of viruses sporadically introduced into a distribution system. In particular, phenomena such as virus adsorption onto clay particles or onto pilot surfaces covered by a biofilm, which could provide viruses with a protection against trace amounts of residual disinfectants were studied. Poliovirus 1, pre-adsorbed or not on particles of Na-montmorillonite, was pulse-injected into a pilot distribution system and traced both in the water flow and in the biofilm. The viral responses observed in the water flow at the pilot outlet can be described by a Gamma law or by an analytical model that includes both viral inactivation and adsorption to the biofilm. Pre-adsorption on 40mg/l Na-montmorillonite increases about 3-fold the residence time of the viruses within the pilot. In the presence of chlorine, pre-adsorption on clay does not prevent chlorine inactivation of viruses. In every case, a greater amount of viruses is recovered from the biofilm than from the water flow, by a 2-fold or by a 10-fold factor in the absence or presence of chlorine, respectively. Viral adsorption to biofilm is thus a leading phenomenon that, along with viral inactivation, directs the fate of the viruses introduced into a distribution system and, in particular, allows for their accumulation within the biofilm.

scholarly journals A robust approach based on time variable trigger levels for pump control

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Alvisi ◽  
Marco Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Electricity Tariff

Abstract An approach for the control of a pumping plant feeding a tank at the inlet of a water distribution system is presented. The approach is aimed at minimizing the energy costs by maximizing pumping during off-peak electricity tariff periods. It is based on trigger levels which are variable during the day according to a prefixed pattern in order to ensure that the water level in the elevated tank is at its minimum and maximum values at the end of the peak and off-peak tariff periods, respectively. The pattern of the trigger levels is defined by solving a multi-objective problem aimed at minimizing the energy costs and the number of pump switches. The approach was applied to a couple of real cases with a single tank. The approach was compared with other methodologies typically used for pump control, i.e. fixed trigger levels (FTLs) and pump scheduling (PS). The results show for the two particular cases that the proposed approach achieves energy costs that are lower than those obtainable by using FTLs, and comparable with those obtainable by using PS. This is based on achieving a similar number of pump switches.

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