scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of solid fuel gasification in mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012101
Author(s):  
I G Donskoy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract One of the main problems in the use of solid fuels is inevitable formation of significant amounts of carbon dioxide. The prospects for reducing CO2 emissions (carbon capture and storage, CCS) are opening up with the use of new coal technologies, such as thermal power plants with integrated gasification (IGCC) and transition to oxygen-enriched combustion (oxyfuel). In order to study the efficiency of solid fuel conversion processes using carbon dioxide, thermodynamic modeling was carried out. Results show that difference between efficiency of fuel conversion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures increases with an increase in the volatile content and a decrease in the carbon content. The effect of using CO2 as a gasification agent depends on the oxygen concentration: at low oxygen concentrations, the process temperature turns out to be low due to dilution; at high oxygen concentrations, the CO2 concentration is not high enough for efficient carbon conversion.

Greener Solvent Selection and Solvent Recycling for Carbon Dioxide Capture

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hachem ◽  
J. Salazar ◽  
U. Dixekar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
And Storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) constitutes an extremely important technology that is constantly being improved to minimize the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) entering the atmosphere. According to the Global CCS Institute, there are more than 320 worldwide CCS projects at different phases of progress. However, current CCS processes are accompanied with a large energy and efficiency penalty. This paper models and simulates a post-combustion carbon capture system, that uses absorption as a method of separation, in Aspen Plus V7.2. Moreover, the CAPE-OPEN Simulated Annealing (SA) Capability is implemented to minimize the energy consumed by this system, and allow coal-fired power plants to use similar carbon capture systems without losing 20 to 40 % of the plant's output.

Transporting the Next Generation of CO2 for Carbon, Capture and Storage: The Impact of Impurities on Supercritical CO2 Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Seevam ◽  
Julia M. Race ◽  
Martin J. Downie ◽  
Phil Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Climate change has been attributed to greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide (CO2) being the major contributor. Most of these CO2 emissions originate from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. power plants). Governments and industry worldwide are now proposing to capture CO2 from their power plants and either store it in depleted reservoirs or saline aquifers (‘Carbon Capture and Storage’, CCS), or use it for ‘Enhanced Oil Recovery’ (EOR) in depleting oil and gas fields. The capture of this anthropogenic (man made sources of CO2) CO2 will mitigate global warming, and possibly reduce the impact of climate change. The United States has over 30 years experience with the transportation of carbon dioxide by pipeline, mainly from naturally occurring, relatively pure CO2 sources for onshore EOR. CCS projects differ significantly from this past experience as they will be focusing on anthropogenic sources from major polluters such as fossil fuel power plants, and the necessary CO2 transport infrastructure will involve both long distance onshore and offshore pipelines. Also, the fossil fuel power plants will produce CO2 with varying combinations of impurities depending on the capture technology used. CO2 pipelines have never been designed for these differing conditions; therefore, CCS will introduce a new generation of CO2 for transport. Application of current design procedures to the new generation pipelines is likely to yield an over-designed pipeline facility, with excessive investment and operating cost. In particular, the presence of impurities has a significant impact on the physical properties of the transported CO2 which affects: pipeline design; compressor/pump power; repressurisation distance; pipeline capacity. These impurities could also have implications in the fracture control of the pipeline. All these effects have direct implications for both the technical and economic feasibility of developing a carbon dioxide transport infrastructure onshore and offshore. This paper compares and contrasts the current experience of transporting CO2 onshore with the proposed transport onshore and offshore for CCS. It covers studies on the effect of physical and transport properties (hydraulics) on key technical aspects of pipeline transportation, and the implications for designing and operating a pipeline for CO2 containing impurities. The studies reported in the paper have significant implications for future CO2 transportation, and highlight a number of knowledge gaps that will have to be filled to allow for the efficient and economic design of pipelines for this ‘next’ generation of anthropogenic CO2.

scholarly journals Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 578-594
Author(s):  
Naimish Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
And Storage

Abstract: More than ever, the fate of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is in our hands. Since the advent of industrialization, there has been an increase in the use of fossil fuels to fulfil rising energy demands. The usage of such fuels results in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, which result in increased temperature. Such warming is extremely harmful to life on Earth. The development of technology to counter the climate change and spreading it for widespread adoptions. We need to establish a framework to provide overarching guidance for the well-functioning of technology and mechanism development of Carbon Capture and Storage. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely regarded as a critical approach for achieving the desired CO2 emission reduction. Various elements of CCS, such as state-of-the-art technology for CO2 collection, separation, transport, storage, politics, opportunities, and innovations, are examined and explored in this paper. Carbon capture and storage is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) before it is discharged into the environment (CCS). The technology can capture high amounts of CO2 produced by fossil fuel combustion in power plants and industrial processes. CO2 is compressed and transferred by pipeline, ship, or road tanker once it has been captured. CO2 can then be piped underground, usually to depths of 1km or more, and stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coalbeds, or deep saline aquifers, depending on the geology. CO2 could also be used to produce commercially marketable products. With the goal of keeping world average temperatures below 1.5°C (2.7°F) and preventing global average temperature rises of more than 2°C (3.6°F) over pre-industrial levels, CCS model should be our priority to be implemented with the proper economical map

Oxy-fuel Combustion Power Cycles: A Sustainable Way to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Pavithran ◽  
Meeta Sharma ◽  
Anoop Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Power Cycle

The energy generation from the fossil fuels results to emit a tremendous amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The rise in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level is the primary reason for global warming and other climate change problems for which energy generation from renewable sources is an alternative solution to overcome this problem. However, the renewables sources are not as reliable for the higher amount of energy production and cannot fulfil the world’s energy demand; fossil fuels will continue to be consumed heavily for the energy generation requirements in the immediate future. The only possible solution to overcome the greenhouse gas emission from the power plant is by capturing and storing the carbon dioxide within the power plants instead of emitting it into the atmosphere. The oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with a carbon capture and storage system is an effective way to minimize emissions from the energy sectors. The oxy-fuel power cycle can reduce 90–99% of carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere. Moreover, the oxy-fuel power cycles have several advantages over the conventional power plants, these include high efficiency, lesser plant footprint, much easier carbon-capturing processes, etc. Because of these advantages, the oxy-fuel combustion power cycles capture more attention. In the last decades, the number of studies has risen exponentially, leading to many experimental and demonstrational projects under development today. This paper reviews the works related to oxy-fuel combustion power generation technologies with carbon capture and storage system. The cycle concepts and the advancements in this technology have been briefly discussed in this paper.

Could China meet its emission reduction goal by CO2-EOR

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa’d Shannak ◽  
Artem Malov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to discuss opportunities for pairing the carbon dioxide (CO2) points of supply from stationary sources such as power plants, steel and cement production, coal to liquid plants and refineries, with potential oil reservoirs in China. Design/methodology/approach This study builds a linear optimization model to analyze the tradeoffs in developing CO2-enhance oil recovery (EOR) projects in China for a range of policy options to match points of supply with the points of demand (oil fields). The model works on optimizing CO2 application costs by meeting four principal components; CO2 storage, CO2 capture, transport costs and additional oil recovery. Findings This study reveals new opportunities and economic sources to feed CO2-EOR applications and offers reasonable options to supply CO2 for potential points of demand. Furthermore, power plants and coal to liquid industries had the most significant and economic contributions to potential CO2-EOR projects in China. Total annual emission reduction is expected to be 10% (based on 10 Gton annual emissions). The emission reductions and potential CO2 storage from the different industries as follow; 94% from power plants, 4% from biofuel and 2% from coal to liquid plants. Social implications Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one practice aiming to reduce the amounts of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere and reduce the related social costs. However, given the relatively high cost associated with this practice, coupling it with EOR could offer a significant financial incentive to facilitate the development of CCS projects and meet climate change objectives. Originality/value The model used in this study can be straightforwardly adapted to any geographic location where industry and policymakers are looking to simultaneously reduce CO2 emissions while increasing hydrocarbon recovery. The model is highly adaptable to local values in the parameters considered and to include additional local considerations such as geographic variation in capture costs, taxes and premiums to be placed on CO2 capture in so-called “non-attainment zones” where pollution capture make could make a project politically and economically viable. Regardless of how and where this model is applied, it is apparent that CO2 from industrial sources has substantial potential value as a coproduct that offsets its sequestration costs using existing, commercially available CO2-EOR technology, once sources and sinks are optimally paired.

MOF-74 type variants for CO2 capture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Seop Hong ◽  
Jong Hyeak Choe ◽  
Hyojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
And Storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is aimed at disposing the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by power plants. As next-generation adsorbents, metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents with high surface area, tunable pore...

scholarly journals A Critical Review of CO2 Capture Technologies and Prospects for Clean Power Generation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmus S. Sifat ◽  
Yousef Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Separation Of Co2

With rapid growth in global demand for energy, the emission of CO2 is increasing due to the use of fossil fuels in power plants. Effective strategies are required to decrease the industrial emissions to meet the climate change target set at 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21). Carbon capture and storage have been recognized as the most useful methods to reduce the CO2 emissions while using fossil fuels in power generation. This work reviews different methods and updates of the current technologies to capture and separate CO2 generated in a thermal power plant. Carbon capture is classified in two broad categories depending on the requirement of separation of CO2 from the gases. The novel methods of oxy combustion and chemical looping combustion carbon capture have been compared with the traditional post combustion and precombustion carbon capture methods. The current state of technology and limitation of each of the processes including commonly used separation techniques for CO2 from the gas mixture are discussed in this review. Further research and investigations are suggested based on the technological maturity, economic viability, and lack of proper knowledge of the combustion system for further improvement of the capture system.

On the prospect of introduction of plasma ignition in power boilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. Ye. Mikhailov ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov ◽  
L. A. Khomenok ◽  
N. S. Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Plasma Ignition ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Construction

One of the most important issues for modern domestic power industry is the creation and further widespread introduction of solid propellant energy units for super-critical steam parameters with high efficiency (43–46%) and improved environmental parameters. This will significantly reduce the use of natural gas.At the same time, one of the major drawbacks of the operation of pulverized coal power units is the need to use a significant amount of fuel oil during start-up and shutdown of boilers to stabilize the burning of the coal torch in the variable boiler operating modes.In this regard, solid fuel TPPs need to be provided with fuel oil facilities, with all the associated problems to ensure the performance (heating of fuel oil in winter), reliability and safety. All of the above problems increase both the TPP capital construction costs, and the electricity generating cost.A practical solution to the above problems at present is the use of a plasma technology for coal torch ignition based on thermochemical preparation of fuel for combustion. The materials of the developments of JSC “NPO CKTI” on application of plasmatrons in boilers of thermal power plants at metallurgical complexes of the Russian Federation are also considered.Plasma ignition systems for solid fuels in boilers were developed by Russian specialists and were introduced at a number of coal-fi red power plants in the Russian Federation, Mongolia, North Korea, and Kazakhstan. Plasma ignition of solid fuels is widely used in China for almost 30% of power boilers.The introduction of plasma-energy technologies will improve the energy efficiency of domestic solid-fuel thermal power plants and can be widely implemented in the modernization of boilers.During the construction of new TPPs, the construction of fuel oil facilities can be abandoned altogether, which will reduce the capital costs of the construction of thermal power plants, reduce the construction footprint, and increase the TPP safety.

scholarly journals Mineral carbonation process of carbon dioxide using animal bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110196
Author(s):  
Brendon Mpofu ◽  
Hembe E Mukaya ◽  
Diakanua B Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cow Bone

Carbon dioxide has been identified as one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Several carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed to mitigate the large quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, but these are quite expensive and not easy to implement. Thus, this research analyses the technical and economic feasibility of using calcium leached from cow bone to capture and store carbon dioxide through the mineral carbonation process. The capturing process of carbon dioxide was successful using the proposed technique of leaching calcium from cow shinbone (the tibia) in the presence of HCl by reacting the calcium solution with gaseous carbon dioxide. AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the concentration of calcium in leached solutions and the composition of calcium in cow bone respectively. The best leaching conditions were found to be 4 mole/L HCl and leaching time of 6 h. Under these conditions, a leaching efficiency of 91% and a calcium conversion of 83% in the carbonation reaction were obtained. Other factors such as carbonation time, agitation rate, and carbonation reaction temperature had little effect on the yield. A preliminary cost analysis showed that the cost to capture 1 ton of CO2 with the proposed technique is about US$ 268.32, which is in the acceptable range of the capturing process. However, the cost of material used and electricity should be reviewed to reduce the preliminary production cost.

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Monoethanolamine (MEA)–Impregnated Kenaf Core Fiber by Pressure Swing Adsorption System (PSA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Zaini ◽  
Khairul Sozana Nor Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Pressure Swing

Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes a major concern in combating issues of global warming. The strategy to reduce the concentration of CO2 could be achieved by executing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology such as adsorption. This study presents the used of kenaf as a green source for CO2 adsorption material. The modification of MEA on kenaf is a novelty work to enhance the capacity of adsorbent since MEA has been proved to have potential in separating CO2 in industrial applications. In this work, 10 wt % of MEA has been impregnated on kenaf via wet impregnation method. The adsorption of CO2 study was conducted by passing CO2/N2 mixture in a ratio of 30:70 in a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system with a pressure up to 1.5 bar at ambient temperature. Result obtained via SEM analysis shows that the morphology of kenaf was affected after modification with MEA. However, the presence of MEA on kenaf has improved the CO2 adsorption capacity by 16 %. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium data for kenaf and MEA modified kenaf are well fitted in Freundlich isotherm model at low pressure and well fitted in Langmuir model at higher pressure. This study indicates that the introduction of MEA on kenaf could enhance the CO2 adsorption process.  

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