scholarly journals Optimal Design of Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Acquisition System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2136 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
Xinzhe Li ◽  
Ming Ren ◽  
Haoyang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Energy Acquisition

Abstract At present, many sensors are gradually developing in the direction of ultra-low power consumption, miniaturization, and low cost, which makes radio frequency energy acquisition technology a popular research field with a wide range of applications. However, traditional sensors are generally powered by batteries, which greatly increases the size of the device. Furthermore, antenna is an important module for radio frequency energy acquisition, and optimization of its sensitivity and other performance is particularly important. This article uses HFSS electromagnetic simulation software to simulate antenna elements and arrays made of PTFE, and simulates various parameters. And optimization, an antenna array element whose port impedance characteristics and unit antenna gain both meet the design requirements is constructed. Finally, the gain of the 2×2 array antenna after parameter optimization is 13.8dB, which greatly improves the gain of the receiving antenna.

scholarly journals Research on Radio Frequency Energy Acquisition Technology Used in Partial Discharge Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2136 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Xinzhe Li ◽  
Ming Ren ◽  
Haoyang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Low Power Design ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Energy Acquisition

Abstract To solve the energy supply problem of distributed sensor nodes for power equipment condition monitoring, the radio frequency energy acquisition technology scheme and low power consumption control method suitable for this type of sensor are studied. In the research of radio frequency energy technology, a high-gain radio frequency receiving unit is designed to convert a specific frequency high-frequency spatial electromagnetic wave into a AC small signal, and a radio frequency-voltage doubler rectifier unit is designed to convert the AC small signal into a DC signal and boost it, a supporting energy management unit is designed to control the energy interaction with the back-end sensor and provide a reliable and stable DC voltage to the partial discharge sensor. In terms of low-power control, the hardware adopts frequency-reduction detection and low-power devices, and the software proposes a work mode switching strategy, forming an ultra-low power design and application scheme for partial discharge sensors.

scholarly journals Powering E-Textiles Using a Single Thread Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Rectenna

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Wagih ◽  
Alex S. Weddell ◽  
Steve Beeby
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit ◽  
Free Band

Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and wireless power transfer (WPT) are increasingly seen as a method of enabling sustainable computing, as opposed to mechanical or solar EH WPT does not require special materials or resonators and can be implemented using low-cost conductors and standard semiconductor devices. This work revisits the simplest antenna design, the wire monopole to demonstrate the lowest-footprint, lowest-cost rectifying antenna (rectenna) based on a single Schottky diode. The antenna is fabricated using a single Litz-wire silk-coated thread, embroidered into a standard textile substrate. The rectifier is fabricated on a compact low-cost flexible printed circuit board (PCB) using ultra-thin polyimide copper laminates to accommodate low-footprint surface mount components. The antenna maintains its bandwidth across the 868/915 MHz license-free band on- and off-body with only −4.7 dB degradation in total efficiency in human proximity. The rectenna achieves up to 55% RF to DC efficiency with 1.8 V DC output, at 1 mW of RF power, demonstrating its suitability as a power-supply unit for ultra-low power e-textile nodes.

Gas Sensing Properties of TiO2 and SnO2 Nanopowders Obtained through Gel Combustion

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1828-1833
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Deorsola ◽  
P. Mossino ◽  
Ignazio Amato ◽  
Bruno DeBenedetti ◽  
A. Bonavita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gel Combustion

Nanostructured semiconductor metal oxides have played a central role in the gas sensing research field, because of their high sensitivity, selectivity and low response time. Among all the processes, developed for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxides, gel combustion seems to be the most promising route due to low-cost precursors and simplicity of the process. It combines chemical gelation and combustion, involving the formation of a gel from an acqueous solution and an exothermic redox reaction, yielding to very porous and softly agglomerated nanopowders. In this work, nanostructured tin oxide, SnO2, and titanium oxide, TiO2, have been synthesized through gel combustion. Powders showed nanometric particle size and high specific surface area. The so-obtained TiO2 and SnO2 nanopowders have been used as sensitive element of resistive λ sensor and ethanol sensor respectively, realized depositing films of nanopowders dispersed in water onto alumina substrates provided with Pt contacts and heater. TiO2-based sensors showed at high temperature good response, fast response time, linearity in a wide range of O2 concentration and long-term stability. SnO2-based sensors have shown high sensitivity to low concentrations of ethanol at moderate temperature.

scholarly journals A Novel Metamaterial Inspired High-Temperature Microwave Sensor in Harsh Environments

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Lu ◽  
Qiulin Tan ◽  
Yaohui Ji ◽  
Qianqian Guo ◽  
Yanjie Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inkjet Printers ◽  
Screen Printing Technology

A high-temperature sensor based on a metamaterial unit cell is proposed in this paper. The wireless passive temperature sensing method is based on the electromagnetic backscatter principle, and thus has the advantages of higher quality, lower environmental interference, and anti-low frequency interference. We developed a finite-element method-based model for the sensor via high-frequency simulation software (HFSS). A double split-ring resonator (SRR) with an outer ring length of 13 mm was designed on alumina ceramic substrate. The sensor was fabricated at 2.42 GHz using micromechanical technology and screen printing technology. When the temperature increased from 28 to 1100 °C, the resonant frequency decreased from 2.417 to 2.320 GHz with an average sensitivity of 95.63 kHz/°C. As the sensor is easily designed and fabricated, it can be used for chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags by simply changing the size of rings. Furthermore, emerging 3D printing technology and commercial desktop inkjet printers will be used to realize the rapid low-cost preparation of the sensor, enabling its wide range of applications in aerospace, military, manufacturing, transportation, and other fields.

scholarly journals Possibilities and Challenges of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Fredrick Isingo ◽  
Prosper Mafole ◽  
Abdi Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Design System ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Rf Signals ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Ultra Low Power Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper presents investigation on the possibilities and challenges of harvesting ambient Radio Frequency Energy (RFE) at Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania. The Radio Frequency (RF) signals were measured using a Rohde and Schwarz FSC 3 spectrum analyzer observing available frequencies with their respective power. Among several RF signals received, the most powerful signals observed were; 800 MHz, 950 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2400 MHz, having average signal strengths of about -30.29 dBm, -35.94 dBm, -42.90 dBm and -30.42 dBm respectively. The power possessed within these frequencies were suitable to be harvested due to their signal strengths, an overall power average of -34.89dBm was obtained and a multi narrowband harvester was designed and simulated using real-time values on Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) 2019. The simulation results confirm a promising possibility of harvesting RF energy to power ultra-low-power devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and beyond.

Peel-and-Stick Sensors Powered by Directed Radio-Frequency Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eric Schwartz ◽  
Clinton J. Smith ◽  
Joseph Lee ◽  
Shakthi Priya Gowri ◽  
George Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Localization ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Rf Energy

PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a low-cost system of peel-and-stick wireless sensors that will enable widespread building environmental sensor deployment with the potential to deliver up to 30% energy savings. The system is embodied by a set of radio-frequency (RF) hubs that provide power to automatically located sensor nodes and relay data wirelessly to the building management system (BMS). The sensor nodes are flexible electronic labels powered by rectified RF energy transmitted by the RF hub and can contain multiple printed and conventional sensors. The system design overcomes limitations in wireless sensors related to power delivery, lifetime, and cost by eliminating batteries and photovoltaic devices. Sensor localization is performed automatically by the inclusion of a programmable multidirectional antenna array in the RF hub. Comparison of signal strengths as the RF beam is swept allows for sensor localization, reducing installation effort and enabling automatic recommissioning of sensors that have been relocated. PARC has already demonstrated wireless power and temperature data transmission up to a distance of 20 m with 71 s between measurements, using power levels well within the Federal Communications Commission regulation limits in the 902–928 MHz industrial, medical and scientific (ISM) band. The sensor's RF energy harvesting antenna achieves high performance with dimensions of 5 cm × 9.5 cm.

An Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Elliptical Slots for Low-Cost Rectenna Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150248
Author(s):  
E. T. Pereira ◽  
H. P. Paz ◽  
V. S. Silva ◽  
E. V. V. Cambero ◽  
I. R. S. Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Vivaldi Antenna

In this paper, a low-cost rectenna based on an antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with elliptical slots (AVA-ES) is developed and analyzed. The design of AVA-ES, when compared to a reference AVA, presents significant improvements in directivity and gain (58% at 2.45[Formula: see text]GHz for both), evidencing its advantages for using in rectennas. The proposed rectenna prototype presents satisfactory results at 2.45[Formula: see text]GHz, such as conversion efficiency for low-power input levels (27% at [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]dBm) and maximum output voltage (550[Formula: see text]mV), that supports its use for radio-frequency energy harvesting (RFEH).

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

scholarly journals Advanced mycelium materials as potential self-growing biomedical scaffolds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Antinori ◽  
Marco Contardi ◽  
Giulia Suarato ◽  
Andrea Armirotti ◽  
Rosalia Bertorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.

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