scholarly journals Improving the maneuverability and thermal efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 2150 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
E M Lisin ◽  
V O Kindra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Network Water ◽  
Calculation Results

Abstract The paper is devoted to the issue of increasing the maneuverability and efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants. Promising solutions for increasing the maneuverability of GTU-CHPP by using heat accumulators and the formation of a preheating circuit of the network water are considered. It is shown that in the non-heating period, it is possible to increase both the thermal efficiency and the generated electric power by installing a heat exchanger in front of the compressor. The calculation results show that this provides an increase of 0.4% in the net electrical efficiency by and an increase 3.3% in the annual electricity generation.

Study on Primary and Secondary Heat-Transport Systems for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Glenn Harvel ◽  
Brian Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Steam Cycle

One of the current engineering challenges is to design next generation (Generation IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with significantly higher thermal efficiencies (43–55%) compared to those of current NPPs to match or at least to be close to the thermal efficiencies reached at fossil-fired power plants (55–62%). The Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of the six concepts considered under the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) initiative. The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast-breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk NPP in Russia. This concept is the only one from the Generation IV nuclear-power reactors, which is actually in operation (since 1980’s). At the secondary side, it uses a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle with heat regeneration. The reactor generates electrical power in the amount of 600 MWel. The reactor core dimensions are 0.75 m (height) by 2.06 m (diameter). The UO2 fuel enriched to 17–26% is utilized in the core. There are 2 loops (circuits) for sodium flow. For safety reasons, sodium is used both in the primary and the intermediate circuits. Therefore, a sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the primary loop to the intermediate one. In this work major parameters of the reactor are listed. The actual scheme of the power-conversion heat-transport system is presented; and the results of the calculation of thermal efficiency of this scheme are analyzed. Details of the heat-transport system, including parameters of the sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger and main coolant pump, are presented. In this paper two possibilities for the SFR in terms of the power-conversion cycle are investigated: 1. a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle through a heat exchanger (current approach in Russian and Japanese power reactors); 2. a supercritical-pressure CO2 Brayton gas-turbine cycle through a heat exchanger (US approach). With the advent of modern super-alloys, the Rankine-steam cycle has progressed into the supercritical region of the coolant and is generating thermal efficiencies into the mid 50% range. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of a supercritical Rankine-steam cycle is also briefly discussed in this paper. According to GIF, the Brayton gas-turbine cycle is under consideration for future nuclear power reactors. The supercritical-CO2 cycle is a new approach in the Brayton gas-turbine cycle. Therefore, dependence of the thermal efficiency of this SC CO2 cycle on inlet parameters of the gas turbine is also investigated.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thermo-Electric Power Plants for Rotorcraft Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Roumeliotis ◽  
Christos Mourouzidis ◽  
Mirko Zafferetti ◽  
Deniz Unlu ◽  
Olivier Broca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Transient Operation ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Hybrid Configuration

Abstract This paper assesses a parallel electric hybrid propulsion system utilizing simple and recuperated cycle gas turbine configurations. An adapted engine model capable to reproduce a turboshaft engine steady state and transient operation is built in Simcenter Amesim and used as a baseline for a recuperated engine. The transient operation of the recuperated engine is assessed for different values of heat exchanger effectiveness, quantifying the engine lag and the surge margin reduction which are results of the heat exchanger addition. An oil and gas (OAG) mission of a twin engine medium helicopter has been used for assessing the parallel hybrid configuration. The thermoelectric system brings a certain level of flexibility allowing for better engine utilization, thus first a hybrid configuration based on simple cycle gas turbine scaled down from the baseline engine is assessed in terms of performance and weight. Following the recuperated engine, thermoelectric power plant is assessed and the performance enhancement is compared against the simple cycle conventional and hybrid configurations. The results indicate that a recuperated gas turbine based thermo-electric power plant may provide significant fuel economy despite the increased weight. At the same time, the electric power train can be used to compensate for the reduced specific power and potentially for the throttle response change due to the heat exchanger addition.

A Feasibility Study on Various Power-Conversion Cycles for a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Sergey Bedenko ◽  
Igor Pioro
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supercritical Pressure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Heat Regeneration ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Steam Cycle

One of the current engineering challenges is to design next generation (Generation IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with significantly higher thermal efficiencies compared to those of current NPPs to match or at least to be close to thermal efficiencies reached at thermal power plants (43–55%). A Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of six concepts considered under the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). This concept is the only one from the Generation IV reactors, which is actually in operation in Russia. In general, there are 3 possibilities for an SFR in terms of the secondary cycle: 1. Subcritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle through a heat exchanger (current approach used in Russian and Japanese power reactors). 2. Supercritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle through a heat exchanger (new approach). 3. Supercritical-pressure CO2 Brayton-gas-turbine-cycle through a heat exchanger (US approach). The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast-breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk NPP in Russia. It has been in operation since 1980 and adopts the secondary subcritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle with heat regeneration. Steam extractions are taken from High-Pressure (HP), Intermediate-Pressure (IP) and Low-Pressure (LP) turbines. The basic method of increasing the thermal efficiency of power plants is to improve it by increasing the operating pressure and temperature. With the advent of modern super alloys, the Rankine-“steam”-cycle has progressed into the supercritical region of the coolant and is generating net efficiencies into the mid 40% range. Calculations of thermal efficiency of a secondary sub- and supercritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle with heat regeneration are presented in the paper. The Brayton-gas-turbine cycle is under consideration for future nuclear power reactors. The higher operating temperatures will be achieved, the higher thermal efficiency will be. Supercritical CO2 cycle is a new approach in Brayton-gas-turbine cycle. Carbon dioxide has a critical pressure of 7.38 MPa and a critical temperature of 31.0°C, which is significantly less than that of water (22.064 MPa and 373.95°C). However, liquid sodium is more compatible with SC CO2 than with water. Therefore, thermal efficiency of this SC CO2 cycle is also calculated.

The Elephant in the Room–Gas Turbine Power

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This article presents an overview of gas turbine combined cycle (CCGT) power plants. Modern CCGT power plants are producing electric power as high as half a gigawatt with thermal efficiencies approaching the 60% mark. In a CCGT power plant, the gas turbine is the key player, driving an electrical generator. Heat from the hot gas turbine exhaust is recovered in a heat recovery steam generator, to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate more electrical power. Thus, it is a combined power plant burning one unit of fuel to supply two sources of electrical power. Most of these CCGT plants burn natural gas, which has the lowest carbon content of any other hydrocarbon fuel. Their near 60% thermal efficiencies lower fuel costs by almost half compared to other gas-fired power plants. Their installed capital cost is the lowest in the electric power industry. Moreover, environmental permits, necessary for new plant construction, are much easier to obtain for CCGT power plants.

Closed Cycle Gas Turbines: An ECAS Update — Part 1

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Daudet ◽  
C. A. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents a discussion of the significant results of a study program conducted for the Department of Energy to evaluate the potential for closed cycle gas turbines and the associated combustion heater systems for use in coal fired public utility power plants. Two specific problem areas were addressed: (a) the identification and analysis of system concepts which offer high overall plant efficiency consistent with low cost of electricity (COE) from coal-pile-to-bus-bar, and (b) the identification and conceptual design of combustor/heat exchanger concepts compatible for use as the cycle gas primary heater for those plant systems. The study guidelines were based directly upon the ground rules established for the ECAS studies to facilitate comparison of study results. Included is a discussion of a unique computer model approach to accomplish the system analysis and parametric studies performed to evaluate entire closed cycle gas turbine utility power plants with and without Rankine bottoming cycles. Both atmospheric fluidized bed and radiant/convective combustor /heat exchanger systems were addressed. Each incorporated metallic or ceramic heat exchanger technology. The work culminated in conceptual designs of complete coal fired, closed cycle gas turbine power plants. Critical component technology assessment and cost and performance estimates for the plants are also discussed.

Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Cooling Air

Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

Advanced Gas Turbine Technology for Sendai Thermal Power Station, Unit No. 4

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadahiro Ohno ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Naoki Hagi ◽  
Hidehiko Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Station Unit

Worldwide environmental concerns are placing center focus on effective utilization of energy and carbon dioxide emission reductions. The power generation industry has engaged in the replacement of existing aged thermal power plants with state-of-the-art natural gas fired power plants capable of achieving considerable reductions in energy consumption and emissions of green house gases. The replacement of three exiting 175MW heavy oil and coal-firing power plants with a highly effective 446MW gas-firing combined cycle power plant owned and operated by Tohoku Electric Power Company is one example of this effort. The construction of the new Sendai thermal power station, Unit No.4 started in November, 2007 achieving commercial operation in July, 2010. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries most recent 50Hz F class gas turbine upgrade, the M701F4 was adopted for this project. This engine is based on the successful M701F3 gas turbine with a 6% air flow increase and a slight bump of the turbine inlet temperature in order to achieve better thermal efficiency and more power output. The application of these advanced technologies resulted in a plant thermal efficiency of approximately 58% LHV of the new unit from the original 43% of the previous coal-firing units. The application of these advanced technologies and the use of natural gas resulted in a 2/3 carbon-dioxide emissions reduction.

scholarly journals Development of the Next Generation 1500°C Class Advanced Gas Turbine for 50Hz Utilities

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aoki ◽  
Y. Tsukuda ◽  
E. Akita ◽  
Y. Iwasaki ◽  
R. Tomat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Westinghouse Electric

The 701G1 50Hz Combustion Turbine continues a long line of large heavy-duty single-shaft combustion turbines by combining the proven efficient and reliable concepts of the 501F and 701F. The output of the 701G1 is 255MW with combined cycle net efficiency of over 57%. A pan of component development was conducted under the joint development program with Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. and a part of the design work was carried out under the cooperation with Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the U.S.A. and Fiat Avio in Italy. This gas turbine is going to be installed to “Higashi Niigata Power Plants NO.4” of Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. in Japan. This plant will begin commercial operation in 1999. This paper describes some design results and new technologies in designing and developing this next generation 1500°C class advanced gas turbine.

scholarly journals Thermal performance analysis of organic flash cycle using R600A/R601A mixtures with internal heat exchanger

2020 ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Guidong Huang ◽  
Songyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhong Ge ◽  
Zhiyong Xie ◽  
Zhipeng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Internal Heat Exchanger ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Net Power Output

In this study, the thermal performance of an internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle system driven by geothermal water was investigated.R600a/R601a mixtures were selected as the working fluid. The effects of the mole fraction of mixtures on the heat absorption capacity of the heater, the temperature rise of cold working fluid in the internal heat exchanger, net power output, thermal efficiency, and electricity generation costs were analyzed. The net power outputs, electricity generation costs, and thermal efficiency of the internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle and simple organic flash cycle systems were compared. Results showed that the system using theR600a/R601a mixtures (0.7/0.3mole fraction) has the largest net power output, which increased the net power output by 3.68% and 42.23% over the R601a and R600a systems, respectively. WhentheR600a mole fraction was 0.4, the electricity generation costs reduction of the internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle system was the largest (1.77% compared with the simple organic flash cycle system).The internal heat exchanger can increase the thermal efficiency of organic flash cycle, but the net power output does not necessarily increase.

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