Socioeconomic disparity in cardiovascular health: the role of where we live

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Unresolved inflammation plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases development. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs), derived from long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), enhances the host defense, by resolving the inflammation and tissue repair. In addition, SPMs also have anti-inflammatory properties. These physiological effects depend on the availability of LCPUFAs precursors and cellular metabolic balance. Most of the studies have focused on the impact of SPMs in adult cardiovascular health and diseases. In this review, we discuss LCPUFAs metabolism, SPMs, and their potential effect on cardiovascular health and diseases primarily focusing in neonates. A better understanding of the role of these SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases in neonates could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular dysfunction.

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The role of marine n-3 fatty acids in improving cardiovascular health: a review

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c2fo30235g ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Tiffany Nicholson ◽

Haidar Khademi ◽

Mohammed H. Moghadasian

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiovascular Health

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Abstract 5011: Role of Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation and Inflammation in the Increased Risk of Depression for Cardiovascular Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1130-b ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Willem J Kop ◽

Phyllis K Stein ◽

Joshua I Barzilay ◽

Russell P Tracy ◽

John S Gottdiener

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Scaling Exponent ◽

Autonomic Nervous

The increased cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with depression is hypothesized to be explained by autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and inflammatory processes. This study determines the role of ANS dysregulation and inflammation in the predictive value of depression for CV mortality. 908 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (age 71±5 yrs) free of CV disease were evaluated for depression (CES-D scale), ANS dysregulation by abnormal non-linear heart rate variability (decreased short-term fractal scaling exponent), and inflammation (IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen and WBC). Predictors of CV mortality were examined using Cox regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, race, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, subclinical disease, use of beta-blockers, smoking status, BMI, and physical activity (median follow-up=13.3 yrs). Risks were calculated for subgroups based on the presence or absence of depression, and ANS or inflammatory CV risk factors (Figure ). Depression was predictive of CV mortality (RR=1.88, CI=1.23–2.86), ANS dysregulation (p=0.014) and inflammatory markers (IL-6 p=0.072; WBC p=0.033; and fibrinogen p=0.050) were correlated with depression. The association of depression with CV mortality occurred primarily in the presence of ANS dysregulation and/or inflammation (Figure ). Addition of ANS and inflammatory markers to the multivariate model did not substantially reduce the CV mortality risk of depression (adjusted RR=1.65, CI=1.03–2.65). Depression is predictive of cardiovascular mortality, and the elevated risk is additive to autonomic nervous system dysregulation and inflammation

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Abstract MP03: Plasma Sphingolipids and Risks of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.mp03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽

Paul N Jensen ◽

Barbara McKnight ◽

Andrew Hoofnagle ◽

Irena B King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study

Introduction: Ceramides and sphingomyelins (sphingolipids) are circulating lipids involved in multiple physiological pathways relevant to heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), including apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Experimental studies suggest that sphingolipids with different saturated fatty acids exhibit different biological activities, but their relationships with HF and AF are unknown. Hypothesis: Higher levels of plasma ceramide and sphingomyelin that contain the fatty acid 16:0 are associated with higher risks of HF and AF; and higher levels of ceramides and sphingomyelins that contain the fatty acid 20:0, 22:0 or 24:0 are associated with lower risks. Methods: We measured sphingolipids in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in plasma samples from 1994-95 (N=4026) or from 1992-93 (N=586). We assessed the separate associations of the levels of 8 sphingolipids with risks of incident HF and incident AF using Cox regression. A p-value threshold of 0.006 was used to account for multiple testing. Results: Among 4,612 participants, 1179 incident HF and 1198 incident AF occurred during >40,000 person-years of follow-up. In adjusted analyses, higher levels of Cer-16 (ceramide with 16:0) and SM-16 (sphingomyelin with 16:0) were associated with higher risk of incident HF, but not with risk of incident AF (Table). In contrast, higher levels of Cer-20, Cer-22 and Cer-24 were each associated with lower risk of AF, but not with risk of HF. Higher levels of SM-20, SM-22, and SM-24 tended to be associated with lower risks of AF and HF, with only the association of SM-20 with AF significant. Conclusions: Plasma levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin with 16:0 show different associations with HF and AF than species with 20:0, 22:0 or 24:0. Associations of Cer-16 and SM-16 specifically with higher risk of HF may be due to a role of apoptosis in HF. The novel findings that Cer-20, Cer-22, and Cer-24 are associated with lower risk of AF warrant further examination of the role of these sphingolipids in protecting from AF.

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Gendered exposures: exploring the role of paid and unpaid work throughout life in U.S. women’s cardiovascular health

Critical Public Health ◽

10.1080/09581596.2020.1854183 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Emily Q. Ahonen ◽

K. Fujishiro ◽

S. Brown ◽

Y. Wang ◽

A.J. Palumbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

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The Role of the OB/GYN in Improving Women's Cardiovascular Health

Women and Cardiovascular Disease ◽

10.1142/9781783265022_0008 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 63-70

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health

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Exploring the Role of Endothelial Cell Resilience in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvbaha.120.314346 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yunling Gao ◽

Zorina S. Galis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Research Effort ◽

Future Research ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Disease Understanding

Traditionally, much research effort has been invested into focusing on disease, understanding pathogenic mechanisms, identifying risk factors, and developing effective treatments. A few recent studies unraveling the basis for absence of disease, including cardiovascular disease, despite existing risk factors, a phenomenon commonly known as resilience, are adding new knowledge and suggesting novel therapeutic approaches. Given the central role of endothelial function in cardiovascular health, we herein provide a number of considerations that warrant future research and considering a paradigm shift toward identifying the molecular underpinnings of endothelial resilience.

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