scholarly journals The utilization of aminopropyltriethoxy silane as a rubber additive in improving the degree of filler dispersion of natural rubber/precipitated silica composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 782 (2) ◽  
pp. 022066
Author(s):  
Philbert ◽  
I Surya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Filler Dispersion

scholarly journals Maleated Natural Rubber/Halloysite Nanotubes Composites

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hayeemasae ◽  
Zareedan Sensem ◽  
Kannika Sahakaro ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Maleated Natural Rubber

In this study, maleic anhydride (MA) grafted natural rubber (NR), known as maleated natural rubber (MNR), was melt-prepared with the MA content varied within 1–8 phr. MNR was used as the main matrix, with Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) as a filler, in order to obtain composites with improved performance. The compounds were investigated for their filler–filler interactions by considering their Payne effect. On increasing the MA content, scorch and cure times increased along with maximum torque and torque difference. The MNR with 4 phr of MA exhibited the least filler–filler interactions, as indicated by the retention of the storage modulus after applying a large strain to the filled compound. This MNR compound also provided the highest tensile strength among the cases tested. It is interesting to highlight that MNR, with an appropriate MA content, reduces filler–filler interactions, and, thereby, enhances the HNT filler dispersion, as verified by SEM images, leading to improved mechanical and dynamical properties.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubbers with fillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Nabil Hayeemasae
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) with silica or carbon black (CB) by using a semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization system has been carried out. It was found that silica caused a longer in cure time compared to CB and due to the dissimilarity of their surface chemistry, it was also found that silica and CB caused the difference in reinforcement effect to those rubbers. Silica caused in filled-vulcanizates of those rubbers with a higher modulus and lower tensile strength compared to their unfilled ones. On the other hand, CB caused enhancements in both modulus and tensile to those rubbers. The investigation on reinforcing efficiencies of those fillers on the rubbers found that the higher reinforcing efficiency of CB was attributed to its better degree of filler dispersion when compared to silica.

A Morphometric Investigation by TEM/AIA on Elastomer-Based Compounds Filled with an Untreated Precipitated Silica

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Falqui ◽  
G. Costa ◽  
M. Castellano ◽  
A. Turturro ◽  
B. Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Morphometric Investigation ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Abstract An accurate morphological investigation has been carried out on vulcanized compounds based on different matrices, butadiene rubber, natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, filled with 35phr of a precipitated silica. The analysis has been performed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and automated image analysis (AIA) to achieve quantitative information on the filler dispersion. Significant differences in the aggregate size and shape distribution of silica within the different matrices which, in principle, can be related to the polymer-filler interactions, have been found. The results are in a very satisfactory agreement with thermodynamic predictions obtained by inverse gas chromatography. The use of two complementary techniques, TEM/AIA, allows attainment, in a reasonably short time, quantitative information on the filler dispersion and, consequently, on the performances of these elastomers-based composite materials.

Cure Characteristics and Spectroscopic Studies of Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Mazlina Mustapha Kamal ◽  
Rohani Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Infra Red

Reinforcement of rubber by precipitated silica is adversely affected due to lack of strong polymer filler bonding1-2. The surface energy of fillers play an important role in the reinforcement of rubbers and has a profound influence on the performance of rubber products3. Functionalised polymers interact strongly with surface silanol groups of precipitated silica. In this work, the unique reinforcement mechanism exhibited by silica in Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR) is established through rheometric and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) study. A rheometer torque rise was detected with an ENR compound silica in the absence of any curing agent. On the other hand, the extent of the interaction increased with the increment of epoxidation level. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopic studies showed silica is bonded to ENR through formation of Si-O-C bond and the extent of the chemical interaction depends on the moulding time4.

Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Silanized Precipitated Silica Nanofiller

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ansarifar ◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Precipitated Silica

Abstract The effect of a large amount of precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller, pre-treated with bis[3-triethoxysilylpropyl-)tetrasulfide (TESPT), on the mechanical properties of a sulfur-cured natural rubber (NR) was studied. TESPT chemically adheres silica to rubber and also prevents silica from interfering with the reaction mechanism of sulfur-cure. The silica particles were fully dispersed in the rubber, which was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT, or, by adding a small amount of elemental sulfur to the cure system. The cure was also optimized by incorporating sulphenamide accelerator and zinc oxide into the rubber. The hardness, tear strength, tensile strength, and stored energy density at break of the vulcanizate were substantially improved when the filler was added. Interestingly, these properties were also enhanced when the rubber was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT.

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