scholarly journals Study of haemoflagellates Trypanosoma sp. infection in some fish of Iraq marshes and relationship of leukocytes with inflammatory response

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
H M Jarallah
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Liza Abu ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Fresh water fishes infected with different species of genus Trypanosoma parasite that is similar to that same genus in blood of mammals. Trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness disease that causes by protozoa flagellate parasites which live inside cell called Trypanosoma. Fish parasites play an important role in regulating the population of their hosts. This study was implemented to verify the infection with Trypanosoma sp. report the cellular intervening through inflammatory response in blood smears of infected fishes. A total of 190 fishes of three species Carasobarbus luteus, Aspius vorax and Liza abu were collected from Al-Hamare and Al-Chibayish marsh south of Iraq. The flagellate parasite Trypanosoma sp. observed in blood of Carasobarbus luteus 41.42% and Aspius vorax 12.28% fishes, while no infection was recorded with Trypanosoma sp. in Liza abu fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection were calculated. The different counts and various types of inflammatory cells were monitored, there are increased in lymphocytes in the infected fishes. Statistically, there are significant differences (p<0.05) among species of infected fish with Trypanosoma sp.

scholarly journals Parasitism of Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 and Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 by Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Metacercariae in the Taquari river

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Silva-Souza ◽  
G. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Clinostomum Complanatum

The infection, known as yellow spot disease, produced by metacercariae of Clinostomum spp. was studied in fishes of the Taquari river, located in Jataizinho, Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 1,582 specimens, belonging to 36 species, were collected between March 1999 and April 2001. Yellow spot disease was observed only in Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) and Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). This parasitism was generated by metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Digenea, Clinostomidae). Among the 88 specimens of G. carapo examined, 7 (prevalence = 8%) had cysts of the parasite. Four of them were captured in July 1999 and three in October 1999. In the other months, no specimen found was infected. Using relative condition factor (Kn) analysis, it was determined that both infected and non-infected specimens had a total weight equal to the theoretically expected value for each total length (Kn = 1.0). Among 56 individuals of Cichlasoma paranaense, 6 (prevalence = 10.7%) had between 1 and 27 metacercariae of C. complanatum (mean intensity of infection = 9.3 ± 9.6). In March 1999 and April of both 2000 and 2001, the specimens examined were not infected. The infected fish had a total weight higher than the expected value (Kn > 1.0), while the non-infected fish had a weight equal to the expected value (Kn = 1.0).

Helminths associated with Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata, Dactyloidae) in highland marshes of the Brazilian semi-arid

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. dos Santos Mesquita ◽  
S.S. de Oliveira ◽  
R. Perez ◽  
R.W. Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Parasite Richness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Host Body Size ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Helminthological studies may contribute with valuable information on host biology and conservation. Herein, we provide new data on helminths infecting the lizard Norops fuscoauratus, testing one of the factors considered most important in parasitic ecology: host size. We analysed 25 specimens of N. fuscoauratus from three highland marshes in the Brazilian semi-arid. Eight taxa of helminths belonging to Nematoda, Trematoda and Acanthocephala were found. Physaloptera sp. showed the higher prevalence (40%), with a mean intensity of infection of 3.3 ± 1.46 (1–16) and mean abundance 1.32 ± 0.65 (0–16). Norops fuscoauratus represents four new host records for the helminths Cyrtosomum sp., Pharyngodon travassosi, Strongyloides sp. and Centrorhynchus sp. There is no relationship of host body size (P = 0.79) and mass (P = 0.50) with parasite richness. In addition, the present study contributes to the knowledge of the parasitic fauna of N. fuscoauratus and the Neotropical region.

Philometra chilensis (Nematoda, Philometridae) affects the fecundity of the red cusk-eel, Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot) (Pisces, Ophidiidae) in Chile

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Chávez ◽  
Marcelo Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Partial Spawner ◽  
Genypterus Chilensis

AbstractThe occurrence of the dracunculoid nematode Philometra chilensis Moravec, Chávez et Oliva, 2011 (Philometridae) infecting the ovary of the red cusk-eel, Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot), off the Pacific coast of northern Chile is reported. A sample of 266 fish specimens (total body length 34–96 cm) revealed the nematode overall prevalence (April 2007) of this parasite to be 18.5% and the mean intensity of infection 17.9 (SD = 30.8). All infected fish were mature females. The present results suggest that infection by the nematode shows seasonality and coincides with specific reproductive stages of the red cusk-eel, a partial spawner, and as a result the infection can affect the reproductive success of the host.

Ecology of Proteocephalus torulosus in the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River on the borders of Germany and Poland

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pietrock ◽  
R. Krüger ◽  
T. Meinelt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oder River ◽  
High Level

AbstractDuring studies on the ecology of fish helminths, the tapeworm Proteocephalus torulosus (Batsch, 1786) was frequently found in the intestine of the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River (Germany/Poland). In total, 633 fish, ranging between two and 16 years old, were sampled at monthly intervals over a two year period during 1993–1995. Statistically significant differences in the seasonal occurrence of the parasite in its fish host were observed. In 1993, the prevalence remained at a high level, ranging between 61.9 and 100%. During the summer of 1994, this value decreased to 5.5% and remained low for the rest of the year. The pattern of mean intensity of infection was similar to that of the prevalence. In 1993, the mean intensity varied between 8.4 and 31.8 worms per infected fish, with a continual loss of worms being observed in the summer of 1994. Changes in the amount of suspended particulate matter in water have been identified as the main cause of these observed differences in the course of infection of blue bream.

Ecology of Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) in perch, Perca fluviatilis, in the Serpentine, London, UK

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTIn each month for one year 30 perch. Perca fluriutilis L., 1758. were examined for infection with Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller. 1776): 7·78°, of the population was infected with a mean intensity of 2·61 worms/infected fish. No seasonality of occurrcncc of maturation was observed owing to limited data. In older fish the incidence and intensity of infection was greater than in younger specimens. The parasite was significantly over-dispersed within the perch population, k = 00395...P(x2 = 9·07)>0·05. All specimens of A. lucii were found in the third quarter of the intestine from the pyloric caeca to the rectum. Evidence is presented in favour of mutual exclusion between A. lucii and the cestode Proteocephalus percae (Müller, 1780) and the nematode, Camallanus lacustris (Zoega, 1776).

scholarly journals Urokinase Attenuates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in an Animal Model by Inhibition of Inflammatory Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhirong Zhang ◽  
Danli Cai ◽  
Jing Kuang ◽  
Shuifang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Determining Factor

Inflammatory response is an important determining factor for the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Inflammatory mediators can promote thrombus formation and increase hemodynamic instability. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for the treatment of PTE. The effect of urokinase on inflammatory reaction in PTE is still unclear. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the intervention of urokinase and urokinase combined with aspirin in PTE rats. Results revealed that a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells surrounding the bronchus, vessels, and pulmonary mesenchyme, and even pulmonary abscess were observed in the PTE rats. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression, CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression, and TXA2 were significantly higher. After treatment with urokinase, pulmonary embolism was partially dissolved and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. The expression of TNNI3, BNP, D2D, PASP, PADP, PAMP, and TXA2, as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression and CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression were significantly lowered. Aspirin showed no synergistic action. Therefore, these findings suggested the occurrence of inflammation during the process of PTE in rats. Urokinase treatment reduced the inflammatory response.

Use of Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) Mesh to Limit Epidural Scar Formation after Laminectomy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Nussbaum ◽  
Joseph V. McDonald ◽  
Raymond B. Baggs
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Free Grafts ◽  
Vicryl Mesh

Abstract A variety of substances have been used at laminectomy sites to prevent postoperative epidural scarring. Free grafts of autologous subcutaneous fat are commonly used both clinically and experimentally. The free fat grafts usually survive, but decrease in size by about 50%. Postoperatively, subcutaneous seroma has been observed with the use of fat grafts, as well as recurrent symptoms of neural compression by the graft that required additional operations. When compared to the use of free fat grafts after laminectomy in dogs, Vicryl mesh produced slightly more scarring, but consistently less than that observed in control animals. The Vicryl mesh was resorbed by a minimal chronic inflammatory response over about 45 days. Seven of 11 fat-grafted zones showed signs of necrosis, at times with a greater collection of inflammatory cells than that associated with the Vicryl mesh. Of the 4 fat-grafted zones that showed good survival. 2 had gross evidence of neural compression. No surgical zone treated with Vicryl mesh exhibited evidence of neural compression. In view of these results, the use of Vicryl mesh at laminectomy sites may be a safer method of limiting postoperative epidural scar formation.

Host mortality and variability in epizootics of Schistocephalus solidus infecting the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. HEINS ◽  
E. L. BIRDEN ◽  
J. A. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Host Behaviour

SUMMARYAn analysis of the metrics of Schistocephalus solidus infection of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Walby Lake, Alaska, showed that an epizootic ended between 1996 and 1998 and another occurred between 1998 and 2003. The end of the first epizootic was associated with a crash in population size of the stickleback, which serves as the second intermediate host. The likely cause of the end of that epizootic is mass mortality of host fish over winter in 1996–1997. The deleterious impact of the parasite on host reproduction and increased host predation associated with parasitic manipulation of host behaviour and morphology to facilitate transmission might also have played a role, along with unknown environmental factors acting on heavily infected fish or fish in poor condition. The second epizootic was linked to relatively high levels of prevalence and mean intensity of infection, but parasite:host mass ratios were quite low at the peak and there were no apparent mass deaths of the host. A number of abiotic and biotic factors are likely to interact to contribute to the occurrence of epizootics in S. solidus, which appear to be unstable and variable. Epizootics appear to depend on particular and, at times, rare sets of circumstances.

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