Effect of mulch on glyphosate mobility in soil column

Abstract Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that often used in controlling weed growth in oil palm plantation. Glyphosate has a high polarity and solubility in water and is quickly absorbed by soil particles. Oil palm waste such as oil palm trunks (OPTs) and empty fruit bunches (EFBs) and the use of glyphosate in agricultural land can contribute to environmental pollution. Apart from the commercial mulch that often used in nurseries, mulch from OPT and EFB can be used to absorb glyphosate to prevent weed growth. The glyphosate concentration of soil and water samples was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Two doses of glyphosate were used which are 5.5 mL/L (2255 mg a.i/L) and 11 mL/L (4510 mg a.i/L). Two water volumes are used which are 250 ml and 500 ml. Glyphosate residual concentration values was high in Serdang soil series at layer three while in Selangor soil series at layer one. The highest concentrations of glyphosate residues were 32.57 mg/L and 34.42 mg/L at Serdang and Selangor soil series respectively. Samples of soil in the mulch of EFB and OPT show low concentrations of glyphosate residue compared to commercial and non-mulching column. Results show that EFB and OPT indicate low residual concentration values at each layer in the soil column for both doses.

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Comparative study on pilot-scale production of CuO-loaded activated biochar and hydrochar from oil-palm empty fruit bunches for high-performance symmetric supercapacitor application

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115970 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115970

Author(s):

Tulakarn Ketwong ◽

Eric Rabang Halabaso ◽

Thi Kim Anh Nguyen ◽

Chinnathan Areeprasert ◽

Ruey-An Doong

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Oil Palm ◽

High Performance ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Supercapacitor Application ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Activated Biochar ◽

Symmetric Supercapacitor ◽

Pilot Scale Production

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Response on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling (Main Nursery) by Adding Several Amandement, Fertilizer and Sulphate Reduction Bacteria on Acid Sulphate Soils

Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ◽

10.32734/jpt.v5i3.3062 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 344-354

Author(s):

Perdana Abdi ◽

Asmarlaili Sahar Hanafiah ◽

Hamidah Hanum

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Sulphate Reduction ◽

Acid Sulphate Soil ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

Randomized Block Design

Acid sulphate soil has potential to be good agricultural land if the condition meets. Therefore This research was conduct to learn the effect of several amendment, fertilizer and sulphate reduction bacteria (SRB) on the growth of oil palm seedlings and increasing nutrient content of oil plam seedlings.This research did on april 2017 until desember 2017, and used acid sulphate soil from Unit Payarambe PT. Mopoli Raya Aceh Tamiang Indonesia, and used oil palm seedling (3 month old). This research used Randomized Block Design with 3 treatments : Several amandment (without amandement, empty fruit bunches oil palm 30 tonnes/ha, Dolomie 15,8 tonnes/ha), fertilizers (without fertilizer, given fertilizer 2,5grams/seedling), and sulphate reduction bacteria (without SRB and given SRB 15 ml with total population 108/cc) with 6 replication. The results showed that the application empty fruit bunches oil palm compost 30 tonnes/ha increased plant height and stem statiscally significant after 28 weeks application. The best treatment was empty fruit bunches oil palm compost 30 tonnes/ha combined with inoculum of sulphate reduction bacteria.

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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Torrefied Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes

Chemistry & Chemical Technology ◽

10.23939/chcht10.03.325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 325-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bemgba Nyakuma ◽

◽

Arshad Ahmad ◽

Anwar Johari ◽

Tuan Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Decomposition Kinetics ◽

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Tg Analysis ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Thermal Lag ◽

Profile Characteristics ◽

Kinetics Of

The study is aimed at investigating the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes using a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and the Coats-Redfern model. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPEFB and torrefied OPEFB briquettes is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, the temperature profile characteristics; Tonset, Tpeak, and Tend increased consistently due to the thermal lag observed during TG analysis. In addition, the torrefied OPEFB briquettes were observed to possess superior thermal and kinetic properties over the untorrefied OPEFB briquettes. It can be inferred that torrefaction improves the fuel properties of pelletized OPEFB for potential utilization in bioenergy conversion systems.

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APPLICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBERS IN STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT AS A FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v25i3.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 161-170

Author(s):

Henny Lydiasari ◽

Ari Yusman Manalu ◽

Rahmi Karolina

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Crack Length ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Structural Concrete ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Construction Products ◽

By Products ◽

Strength Improvement

The potency of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers as one of the by-products of processing oil palm is increasing significantly so that proper management is needed in reducing environmental impact. One of the utilization of OPEFB fibers is as a substitution material in construction which usually the material is derived from non-renewable mining materials so that the number is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study to know the performance of OPEFB fiber in making construction products especially concrete. In this case, the experiment was conducted using experimental method with variation of fiber addition by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each specimen was tested by weight, slump value, compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and crack length. As the results, the variation of fibers addition by 10%, decrease of slump value is 7%, concrete weight is 3% and crack length is 8% while increase of the compressive strength is 2.7% and the modulus of elasticity is 33.3% but its tensile strength decreased insignificantly by 0.05% . Furthermore, the addition of fibers above 10% to 30% decreased compressive strength is still below 10% and tensile strength below 2% while the weight of concrete, slump value and crack length decreased. Therefore, the addition of 10% can replace the performance of concrete without fiber but the addition of above 10% can still be used on non-structural concrete.

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Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1282

Author(s):

M.J. Suriani ◽

Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi ◽

R.A. Ilyas ◽

Michal Petrů ◽

S.M. Sapuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Properties ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Fiber Loading ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively.

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Simulation of Daily Mean Soil Temperatures for Agricultural Land Use Considering Limited Input Data

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 441

Author(s):

Philipp Grabenweger ◽

Branislava Lalic ◽

Miroslav Trnka ◽

Jan Balek ◽

Erwin Murer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Input Data ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Column ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Snow Layer ◽

Time Step ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Dimensional Simulation ◽

Limited Input Data

A one-dimensional simulation model that simulates daily mean soil temperature on a daily time-step basis, named AGRISOTES (AGRIcultural SOil TEmperature Simulation), is described. It considers ground coverage by biomass or a snow layer and accounts for the freeze/thaw effect of soil water. The model is designed for use on agricultural land with limited (and mostly easily available) input data, for estimating soil temperature spatial patterns, for single sites (as a stand-alone version), or in context with agrometeorological and agronomic models. The calibration and validation of the model are carried out on measured soil temperatures in experimental fields and other measurement sites with various climates, agricultural land uses and soil conditions in Europe. The model validation shows good results, but they are determined strongly by the quality and representativeness of the measured or estimated input parameters to which the model is most sensitive, particularly soil cover dynamics (biomass and snow cover), soil pore volume, soil texture and water content over the soil column.

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Preparation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Hironaga Akita ◽

Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽

Shinji Fujimoto

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

High Performance ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Waste Product ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Glucose Content

Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude palm oil is produced in both plantations and oil processing mills, a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is simultaneously produced as a waste product. Here, we describe the preparation of hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, the resultant liquid phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, while the solid phase was used for acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulose yield from the acid-treated solid phase decreased from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB by increasing the hydrothermal treatment temperature from 180 to 200 °C. Glucose yield from the enzyme-treated solid phase obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C was the highest (234 ± 1.90 mg/g-OPEFB, 61.7% production efficiency). In contrast, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the hydrolysate prepared from the solid phase hydrothermally treated at 200 °C were the lowest. Thus, we concluded that the optimum temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment was 200 °C, which was caused by the low hemicellulose yield. Based on these results, we have established an effective method for preparing OPEFB hydrolysates with high glucose content.

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