scholarly journals Effects of different times of probiotic additions on floc abundance and growth of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Laboratory scale cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
G M Samadan ◽  
Yuliana ◽  
R Masril ◽  
A Syazili ◽  
Supyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Water quality management for aquaculture is very important because water is a living medium for aquaculture organisms. One of the technological products that use microbes to create a better environment by breaking down organic matter is probiotics. This study aims to determine the effects of different probiotic administration times on water quality in white leg shrimp culture at a laboratory scale. Juveniles of white leg shrimp with PL27 size were reared for 45 days and given four treatments with probiotics at different times. The result showed that the administration of probiotics with a short period interval had a significant effect on floc volume, absolute growth, survival rate, concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite. Provision of probiotics with a short time span tended to reduce the concentration of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite. The difference in time of giving probiotics to bio-floc media increased the growth of white leg shrimp, improved water quality, and reduced the concentration of ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), and nitrite (NO2).

scholarly journals VIOLATING THE BASIC TENETS OF CARE – LOOKING BACK ON YEARS OF EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE FROM AN ONCOLOGIST'S VIEWPOINT

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Bishan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) came into fashion nearly three decades ago. However, over this short period, this system of medical philosophy has come to dominate the medical practice worldwide. Never in the history of medicine could a single way of medical practice could dominate the healthcare systems of diverse countries like EBM did, that too within such short time span. But, it is high time we should ponder over the pros and cons of EBM and if this way of medical practice is to be allowed to continue, we should consider integration of additional inputs from the traditional ways of medicine. Though article focusses upon the cancer care, the conclusions derived can be applied to any other disciplines of healthcare.

scholarly journals Autonomous water-cleaning machine using solar energy in shrimp ponds

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Thien Ngon Dang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Machine

Limited water exchange shrimp culture technology is commonly used today in many shrimp farms in Vietnam to reduce water usage, input of diseases and discharge of nutrient-rich effluents into environment as well as to increase the production per unit area. However, a remaining problem in this technology is that the water quality in shrimp ponds will be reduced due to limitation of water exchange for a long period. The accumulation of inorganic components such as waste feed, bacterial deposits or other biological debris at the pond bottom will lead to low dissolved oxygen, high ammonia-nitrogen level, high fecal coliform bacteria and high turbidity which cause a severe degradation of water quality and detriment to shrimp growth and survival. To solve this remaining problem, an autonomous water-cleaning machine for shrimp ponds was designed to control the waste accumulation in the pond. This is an effective solution to replace manual cleaning methods for water quality management in shrimp farming in the coastal area of the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Especially, this technique can be used for biosecure shrimp production systems according to GMP standards to meet the objectives for sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in Vietnam. Kỹ thuật nuôi tôm không thay nước đang được sử dụng rộng rãi ở các trại nuôi tôm Việt Nam vì giúp giảm lượng nước sử dụng, hạn chế thải nước vào môi trường và giúp tăng diện tích nuôi trồng tôm. Tuy nhiên, bản thân kỹ thuật này cũng tạo nên một sản phẩm chất thải là phân tôm, thức ăn và chế phẩm sinh học xử lý nước dư thừa. Chất thải này dần dần tích tụ dưới đáy ao tạo thành lớp bùn độc, rất thiếu ôxy và chứa nhiều chất gây hại như ammonia, nitrite, hydrogen sul-fide. Để tránh làm giảm diện tích ao nuôi do chất thải tích tụ làm tôm lảng tránh và tăng mật độ tôm nuôi trồng, thiết bị tự hành thu gom chất thải làm sạch nước trong vuông nuôi tôm đã được nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo thành công. Thiết bị đã thay thế các hoạt động làm sạch chất thải thủ công của con người, không sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng gây ô nhiễm, giảm nhu cầu về điện góp phần phát triển sản xuất tôm sạch đạt chuẩn GMP và phát triển bền vững ở các tỉnh ven biển miền Tây Việt Nam.

scholarly journals Lettuce and water spinach growth in silver catfish (Pangasius Sp) culture using aquaponic system

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/8724 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Zahidah Zahidah ◽  
Yayat Dhahiyat ◽  
Herman Hamdani ◽  
Ristiana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Absolute Growth

Solid and liquid wastes from feces and fish feed residues can affect water quality, which in turn affect fish physiological processes, behavior, growth and mortality. So it is necessary to have water quality management in the aquaponic system. This study aimed to observe the growth of lettuce and water spinach as biofilters in silver catfish culture (Pangasius sp) using aquaponic system. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, from March to April 2018. This was an experimental study using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatments and six repetitions to compare between combination of silver catfish and water spinach with silver catfish and lettuce combination. The parameters observed were fish growth, fish survival, increase in  stem length, and increase in the number of leaves. The results show silver catfish and water spinach combination produced the highest crop with a stem length of 38.7 cm and more leaves with an addition of 16 leaves. A higher absolute growth of 7.79 grams fish-1 and 100% survival are also seen in this combination. Furthermore, water spinach is more effective as biofilter for aquaponic systems than lettuce.Limbah padat dan cair dari feses dan sisa pakan ikan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air, yang selanjutnya memengaruhi proses fisiologis ikan, perilaku, pertumbuhan, dan angka kematian. Sehingga perlu adanya manajemen kualitas air pada sistem akuaponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan selada dan kangkung sebagai biofilter pada budidaya ikan lele (Pangasiussp) dengan sistem aquaponik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Maret hingga April 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua perlakuan dan enam ulangan untuk membandingkan kombinasi Ikan Patin dan kangkung dengan kombinasi lele dan selada. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan ikan, kelangsungan hidup ikan, pertambahan panjang batang, dan pertambahan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kombinasi lele perak dan kangkung menghasilkan tanaman tertinggi dengan panjang batang 38,7 dan daun lebih banyak dengan penambahan 16 helai daun. Pertumbuhan absolut yang lebih tinggi sebesar 7,79 g ikan-1 dan kelangsungan hidup 100% juga terlihat pada kombinasi ini. Dengan demikan kangkung merupakan biofilter yang lebih efektif untuk aquaponik dibandingkan selada.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ACTS OF SEXUAL PENETRATION WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME – SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACTS OF RAPE? S v Willemse 2011 (2) SACR 531 (ECG)

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Related Issue ◽  
Twilight Zone ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Time

The case under discussion exposes a particular twilight zone in respect of the sexual offence of rape, and more specifically, the question as to when multiple acts of sexual penetration perpetrated by the same perpetrator within a relatively short time span, will constitute multiple acts of rape. The latter, in addition, specifically becomes problematic during sentencing. Once it has been established that a victim was raped more than once by an accused, a court is obliged in terms of section 51(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997 (hereinafter “the Act”) to impose a sentence of life imprisonment, unless substantial and compelling circumstances exist to depart from the prescribed minimum sentence. The decision under discussion is of particular interest as the court was once again required to assess whether multiple acts of sexual penetration constituted a single act of rape, or multiple acts of rape and as such falling within the ambit of the provisions of the Act with regards to sentencing. A related issue addressed by the judgment, relates to the anomaly in respect of the appropriate approach to follow in cases of this nature relating to multiple acts of sexual penetration in order to assess whether these acts should be construed as multiple acts of rape, or as one single and prolonged act of rape. 

scholarly journals MANGROVE ASSOCIATE BASED SHRIMP FEED: AN INNOVATION IN THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
Experimental Pond

The traditional method of shrimp culture is a common practice in Indian Sundarbans which is done without any sound scientific back-up, proper feed, and water quality management. The shrimp farmers use a traditional feed of animal origin that often results in deterioration of water quality and disease outbreaks in cultured species. The present paper highlights the effect of the total replacement of animal ingredients in shrimp feed with floral ingredients on water quality and shrimp health. Weight gain, condition index, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, body pigmentation (astaxanthin level) were analyzed in shrimps along with pond water quality. Higher condition index (C.I.) values, survival rate, and gain in shrimp weight were observed in the experimental pond (E) compared to the control pond (C). Low FCR values were observed in the experimental pond than in the control pond. Astaxanthin values in shrimps of the experimental pond were also higher than the control pond which points towards Suaeda maritima as the source of carotenoid in the shrimp tissue.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI DEDAK DENGAN TEPUNG AMPAS KELAPA TERFERMENTASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Yespus . ◽  
Mohamad Amin ◽  
Yulisman .
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTCoconut dregs is waste from coconut milk production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermented coconut dregs feeding on the growth and efficiency of catfish feed and to know the exact percentage in feed formulation on catfish. This research was conducted from November to December 2017 at Aquaculture Laboratory of Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This study used a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 2 replications. The treatment was used the difference of percentage of the fermented coconut dregs flour in the formulation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Data to be collected include growth, survival, feed efficiency, formulated analysis of each treatment consisting of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber and water quality. The result of this research showed that the absolute growth of lengthy P4 is 0.54 cm, the absolute growth of weight P4 is 1.42 g, the best feed consumption in P0 with total feed consumption is 3.43 g.individu-1, feed efficiency P4 is 47.82% and survival rate P4 is 87.50%. Water quality during research were still optimum for catfish with temperature 26.0-29.0oC, pH 6.5-8.1, DO 4.57-8.86 mg.L-1 and ammonia 0.003-0.02 mg.L-1. Keywords: Catfish, Coconut dregs, Feed efficiency, Fermentation, Growth

Destruction of Actin Filaments by Osmium Tetroxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
P. Maupin-Szamier ◽  
T. D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Decay ◽  
Short Time

We have studied the destruction of rabbit muscle actin filaments by osmium tetroxide (OSO4) to develop methods which will preserve the structure of actin filaments during preparation for transmission electron microscopy.Negatively stained F-actin, which appears as smooth, gently curved filaments in control samples (Fig. 1a), acquire an angular, distorted profile and break into progressively shorter pieces after exposure to OSO4 (Fig. 1b,c). We followed the time course of the reaction with viscometry since it is a simple, quantitative method to assess filament integrity. The difference in rates of decay in viscosity of polymerized actin solutions after the addition of four concentrations of OSO4 is illustrated in Fig. 2. Viscometry indicated that the rate of actin filament destruction is also dependent upon temperature, buffer type, buffer concentration, and pH, and requires the continued presence of OSO4. The conditions most favorable to filament preservation are fixation in a low concentration of OSO4 for a short time at 0°C in 100mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0.

Comparison of two asynchronous QCT methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
A. V. Petraikin ◽  
A. K. Smorchkova ◽  
N. D. Kudryavtsev ◽  
K. A. Sergunova ◽  
Z. R. Artyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Ray Density ◽  
The Difference

Rationale. Quantitative CT (QCT) bone densitometry with asynchronous calibration not require a phantom during the scan procedure. Based on calibration data it converts X-ray density in HU to bone mineral density (BMD). Given the large number of CT studies performed on patients at risk of osteoporosis, there is a need for a hands-on method capable of assessing BMD in a short period of time without tailored software or protocols.Goal. To develop a method for QCT bone densitometry using an PHK (PHantom Kalium), to compare the volume BMD measurements with the QCT data with asynchronous calibration provided by software from a reputable developer.Methods. The studies were performed at 64-slice CT unit with body scanning parameters. The BMD was measured using two techniques: 1) QCT with asynchronous calibration using software from a reputable developer; 2) QCT using a PHK phantom (QCT-PHK). For convert the HU to BMD values, we scanned the PHK phantom and calculate correction factor. Phantom contains “vertebrae” filled with potassium hydrogen phosphate in different concentrations. In both methods, the BMD values measured for LI–II, and sometimes for ThXII, LIII.Results. The study enrolled 65 subjects (11 male and 54 female patients); median age 69.0 years. A comparison of the vertebrae BMD measured by QCT and QCT-PHK revealed a significant linear Pearson correlation r = 0.977 (p < 0.05). The Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a lack of relationship between the difference in measurements and the average BMD and a systematic BMD; bias of +4.50 mg/ml in QCT vs. QCT-PHK. Differences in the division into groups osteoporosis / osteopenia / norm according to the ACR criteria for the two methods were not significant.Conclusion. The developed asynchronous QCT-PHK method measure BMD comparable to the widely used QCT with asynchronous calibration. This method can be used for opportunistic screening for osteoporosis.

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