scholarly journals Wild Populations Of Medicago Falcata L. In Small River Basins Of European Russia As A Source Material For Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
L M Tseiko ◽  
M N Kostomakhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Cultivation Conditions

Abstract The genetic resources of wild populations of Medicago falcate L. of the Cretaceous South of the Srednerussky Upland in ecotopic conditions of chalky slopes and floodplain meadows in the basins of small rivers Tikhaya Sosna and Manjokha were studied to find the source material for breeding work to create varieties for different cultivation conditions. Evaluation of phytocenotic features, density of cenopopulations, forage and seed species was carried out. The species M. falcata forms, both on meadows in floodplains and on chalk slopes, full-membered normal cenopopulations, which have a continual (continuous) distribution of individuals by age groups, stable in time and in space. The centralized ontogenetic spectrum indicates the stable status of M. falcata cenopopulations in plant communities in various ecotopes of small river basins. The density of individuals of M. falcata was on average 18.9 % higher in cenopopulations of floodplains than in chalk slopes. The density of generative individuals in all studied cenopopulations was on average close and varied within 81.2-83.7 %, which indicates their stability in time and high adaptive potential. The weight of one fruiting model plant of floodplain meadows was 2.28 times higher than on chalky slopes. Seed yield on floodplain meadows was 2.02 times higher than on chalky slopes. Valuable source material for breeding M. falcatum varieties adapted to different ecotopic conditions was obtained.

scholarly journals Basin-centric approach to the sustainable development of agriculture in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.E. Dehodiuk ◽  
Е.G. Degodiyk ◽  
Yu.P. Borko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Small River ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Nature Restoration

The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.

scholarly journals Effective Monitoring of Small River Basins

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
W. Symader ◽  
R. Bierl ◽  
A. Krein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Short Pulses

As the transport of many pollutants occurs during high floods monitoring programs must focus on these intermittent events. In small rivers the pollutants start their travel as short pulses often associated with fine particles, but disperse on their way downstreams. Therefore the chemical data of a flood event are only representative of a small part of the basin adjacent to the monitoring station. This is usually not taken into account by evaluating water quality data.

Innovative approaches to risk management in nature and land use and their optimization

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Eduard Dehodyuk ◽  
Stanislav Dehodyuk ◽  
Natalya Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Subject of research-theoretical and practical justification of risk managementfor climate change based on basin approach. The purpose of the article is to establish ecological equilibrium in the basins of small rivers of Ukraine through asystematic approach to the complex carrying out of nature-related works, agro-,chemo-, bio- and phyto-melioration in the small rivers basins. Methodology of work- system-structural and comparative analysis (for the definition of innovative approaches in environmental protection) as a landfill (in the determined cost of landfor optimizing land relations). Modeling and forecasting for risks reduction innature land use. The results of the work - degradation processes in the groundand water ecosystems of the basins of small rivers are considered. It is proposedto change the priorities in landscape studies by adopting the main taxonomic unitof any landscape of the small river basin instead of the abstract general principle“nature-territorial complex (PTC)”. A space-regulatory mechanism for the implementation of V.I. Vernadsky’s idea of Noosphere in the terrestrial ecosystems wasdeveloped. The sequence of ecologically-technogenic transformations of degradedsmall river basins in ecologically balanced ecosystems by means of restoration workswithout violating the basis of erosion and providing biocenosis of the self-healingmomentum has been determined. The system approach to the problem is to develop and adopt the laws of Ukraine on the restoration of small river basins, theircertification, land relations in the process of restorative works, and the increaseof natural biodiversity. Ways to overcome the risks of climate change are consistent implementation of the proposed programs. Conclusions-based on the resultsof the study, the lack of a scientifically grounded mechanism for overcomingdegradation processes in the basins of small rivers both in Ukraine and the international community and overcoming the risks to society for climate change in thepost-Holocene period was established. Proposed laws of Ukraine are proposed thatwill ensure the establishment of ecological balance in agro-and biogeocenosis forconducting relevant works in the basins of small rivers.

scholarly journals Impact of ponds and reservoirs construction on the environmental safety of small river basins of the steppe zone of Ukraine (the case of Dnipropetrovsk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
V. G. Andrieiev ◽  
H. V. Hapich
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological State

Formulation of the problem. For the last 30 years, water management in the basins of small rivers in the steppe zone of Ukraine has led to a deterioration of the environmental safety in water use. The current ecological state of small rivers is close to critical, and for today some river basins are subject to catastrophic environmental changes. Almost all small rivers from 70 to 100% in the south and central water-short regions of Ukraine are under regulation due to the construction of a large number of ponds and reservoirs. In most cases, this causes a lack of transportation and low self-cleaning ability. Thus, the conservation, restoration and rational use of water, based on the principles of basin management, should get started along with the improvement of the ecosystems of small rivers.Research results. The paper describes the dynamics of changes in water management, which shows a rapid increase in the number of new ponds in the period of 1990 - 2018 almost threefold. At the same time, the overall dynamics of water consumption in the region in the same period decreased fourfold. Unjustified imbalance between the construction of new facilities and water demand was determined, as well as non-compliance with the current statutory provisions. Due to the transformation of natural watercourses into cascades of "evaporator ponds" an ecologically dangerous transformation of small river basins with the change of hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and sanitary regimes takes place. To evaluate the level of environmental hazards associated with water management, it is proposed to determine the river fragmentation coefficient, which is the ratio of the number of ponds and reservoirs to the length of the river. When evaluating the environmental hazard for rivers in a specific territory (administrative area, district or catchment area), the fragmentation coefficient is determined by the ratio of the number of ponds and reservoirs to the size of the territory. Comparative analysis indicates that Dnipropetrovsk region is one of the most environmentally dangerous in terms of the negative impact of river basins fragmentation by artificial reservoirs. The case of a small river basin (the Nyzhnia Tersa River) presents the application of the approach to evaluate the level of environmental safety associated with water management. It is proposed a mechanism for increasing the level of environmental safety in water use by observing and implementing heterogeneous groups of indicators that determine the overall efficiency of the river ecosystem functioning.Conclusions. In order to stabilize and restore the hydrological and ecological state of small rivers in the steppe zone of Ukraine, it is important to: 1) make a detailed evaluation of the compliance of the available number of ponds and small reservoirs in river basins with the requirements of the Water Code of Ukraine; 2) prove ecologically and economically the feasibility of further operation for each individual reservoir and structure; 3) develop regional programs for the elimination of ponds and reservoirs that do not fulfil their water management functions and cause environmental hazards to the functioning of the river basin ecosystem; 4) improve methodological approaches to evaluation of the environmental safety of water facilities in small river basins.

Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Urban Discharge to Small River Basins in the South West of Sweden

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. Hogland ◽  
R. Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
The South ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
South West ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The paper deals with the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of urban discharge. Ratios for urban discharge and recipient flow during different time intervals are presented and discussed. The quality of the urban discharge is illustrated through pollutographs.

scholarly journals Assessment of medium and small river health based on macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves: a case study in a tributary of Yangtze River, China

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-621
Author(s):  
Yifan Su ◽  
Weiming Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Jinjing Li ◽  
Xuyang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Small River ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
River Health

Abstract The health of medium and small river ecosystems is threatened by increasing hydropower development and human activities. How to properly diagnose rivers has become a global concern. As a well-accepted theory, the aquatic organism density can be an indicator of river health. A new river health assessment method based on macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves (M-HSC) was proposed. In this study, the health of Qiaobian River (QBR), a tributary of Yangtze River, China was evaluated by investigating the distribution of macroinvertebrates, chemical and physical parameters during winter 2018 (low flow season) and summer 2019 (high flow season). Based on habitat suitability of dominant macroinvertebrates, the key habitat factors were screened by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. Suitability curves were determined by Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Ecosystem health comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the health status. The results show most suitable conditions for Corbicula fluminea containing chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) of 1.48 mg L−1, total nitrogen (TN) of 0.27 mg L−1, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 11.17 mg L−1, pH of 8.42, turbidity of 1.76 NTU, and water depth (Dep) of 0.35 m. The health status of QBR is spatially heterogeneous with the apparently better upstream than the downstream. In general, 25, 12.5, 12.5% of the samples were classified as nature, health and sub-health status, respectively and the rest 50% were lower than sub-health. The results are consistent with the environmental quality standards for surface water in China (GB3838-2002), suggesting the applicability of macroinvertebrates habitat suitability for evaluating river health. By minimizing the temporal and spatial limitations of comprehensive evaluation method and indicator species method, this study, for the first time, used macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves to assess the health of medium and small rivers. The study will provide new insights for future river health assessments.

scholarly journals The inventory of vegetation cover of small river valleys in the north-east of the Samara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Vera Valentinovna Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Small River ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
River Valleys

The study covered 10 small rivers in the North-Eastern part of the Samara Volga region. The author studied the vegetation cover, which is understood as a set of phytocoenoses and their constituent plant species. On the territory of Pokhvistnevsky District, there are two groups of river valleys that are heterogeneous in geobotanical terms. The first group includes the rivers with forested valleys (Kutlugush, Murakla, Karmalka). Their slopes are more or less symmetrical and steep. The vegetation cover of an undeveloped floodplain is usually uniform, and there is usually no belt. The valleys of the second group are treeless; their slopes are sharply asymmetrical (Amanak, Tergala, Talkish). The right-bank tributary of the Maly Kinel River the Lozovka River with its length of 20 km and the left tributary Kuvayka River with its length of 16 km were studied on the territory of Kinel-Cherkassky District. The Padovka and Zaprudka rivers and the right tributaries of the Bolshoi Kinel River (Kinelsky District) were also studied. The most common associations are (Salix fragilis heteroherbosa, Scirpus sylvaticus purum, Agrostis stolonifera Amoria repens, Elytrigia repens + Poa angustifolia heteroherbosa). In total, 19 types of phytocoenoses were noted, 4 of them are found in half of the studied rivers. In the plant communities of small river valleys there are 232 species of higher wild plants, which belong to 139 genera from 48 families. This is 60% of the total number of higher plants registered in the flora of small river valleys of the Samara Region. Rare protected plant species are registered here: Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC., Cacalia hastata L., Delphinium cuneatum Stev. ex DC., Globularia punctata Lapeyr.

Selection and validation of reference sites in small river basins

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 573 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Chaves ◽  
J. L. Costa ◽  
P. Chainho ◽  
M. J. Costa ◽  
N. Prat
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Reference Sites

Typhoon and weathering processes on particles export to the ocean from a small river on the oceanic island of Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-rong Chen ◽  
IJy Hsieh ◽  
Kelly Lien ◽  
Saulwood Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Dissolved Components

<p>Huge quantity of terrigenous particles was exported from oceanic island small rivers in delivering to the ocean (Dadson et al., 2003; Milliman and Syvitsky, 1992).  Quantity of river particles entering the ocean could be related to river basin area, elevation, erosion rate, and seismic activity.  However, limited data are available regarding differences between physical and chemical weathering on erosion and their effects on particles export from oceanic type of small rivers nor data on extreme event, the typhoon, and its effect on weathering at this setting. Here we report and quantify particles as well as dissolved materials export from an oceanic small river, the Lanyang River at the northeastern Taiwan, during typhoon period and those under normal weather condition.  Our objectives are to quantify river particles and dissolved components export during normal and typhoon period; to understand factors controlling their variations; to compare efficiency of chemical and physical weathering under extreme weather condition and those at normal condition.  River particles and dissolved components were sampled monthly and during typhoons at every four hours frequency and filtered, weighted for particle concentrations as well as chemical analyses of particle and dissolved compositions in lab.  Chemical analyses include solid and dissolve silica, aluminum, iron, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium as well as dissolved chloride, sulfate, and alkalinity. River discharge data were from Taiwan Water Resources Agency and precipitation data from Taiwan Central Weather Bureau.</p><p> </p><p>Our results demonstrated that typhoon is the primary mechanism in driving concentration variations of both dissolved phases and solid components in the study river.  Huge amount of precipitation flushed into river during typhoon, resulting in rapid dilution of dissolved components as well as rapid increase of suspended particles concentration in reaching hyperpycnal level.  During the period of rapid increase of particles in the river, shift of types of particles as well as dissolve components were observed.  TDS (total dissolved solid) represent a small portion of the materials export to the ocean.  TSM (total suspended matter) flushed out of river during typhoon represent a major fraction (85%) of the annual total particles, however, the amount of particles for each typhoon varied significantly (from ~10 to ~45%). </p>

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