scholarly journals Basin-centric approach to the sustainable development of agriculture in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.E. Dehodiuk ◽  
Е.G. Degodiyk ◽  
Yu.P. Borko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Small River ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Nature Restoration

The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.

Innovative approaches to risk management in nature and land use and their optimization

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Eduard Dehodyuk ◽  
Stanislav Dehodyuk ◽  
Natalya Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Subject of research-theoretical and practical justification of risk managementfor climate change based on basin approach. The purpose of the article is to establish ecological equilibrium in the basins of small rivers of Ukraine through asystematic approach to the complex carrying out of nature-related works, agro-,chemo-, bio- and phyto-melioration in the small rivers basins. Methodology of work- system-structural and comparative analysis (for the definition of innovative approaches in environmental protection) as a landfill (in the determined cost of landfor optimizing land relations). Modeling and forecasting for risks reduction innature land use. The results of the work - degradation processes in the groundand water ecosystems of the basins of small rivers are considered. It is proposedto change the priorities in landscape studies by adopting the main taxonomic unitof any landscape of the small river basin instead of the abstract general principle“nature-territorial complex (PTC)”. A space-regulatory mechanism for the implementation of V.I. Vernadsky’s idea of Noosphere in the terrestrial ecosystems wasdeveloped. The sequence of ecologically-technogenic transformations of degradedsmall river basins in ecologically balanced ecosystems by means of restoration workswithout violating the basis of erosion and providing biocenosis of the self-healingmomentum has been determined. The system approach to the problem is to develop and adopt the laws of Ukraine on the restoration of small river basins, theircertification, land relations in the process of restorative works, and the increaseof natural biodiversity. Ways to overcome the risks of climate change are consistent implementation of the proposed programs. Conclusions-based on the resultsof the study, the lack of a scientifically grounded mechanism for overcomingdegradation processes in the basins of small rivers both in Ukraine and the international community and overcoming the risks to society for climate change in thepost-Holocene period was established. Proposed laws of Ukraine are proposed thatwill ensure the establishment of ecological balance in agro-and biogeocenosis forconducting relevant works in the basins of small rivers.

Trade and Investment Accords for Sustainable Development Goals 12–17

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

Chapter 21 focuses on how trade and investment agreements may contribute to international efforts to achieve SDGs 12 to 17, which address responsible consumption and production patterns (SDG 12), combatting climate change (SDG 13), conservation and sustainable use of marine resources (SDG 14), and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems (SDG 15). SDG 16, which calls for peace, justice and strong institutions for sustainable development, is also canvassed in its links to securing stability, effective governance and human rights. Finally, SDG 17, which calls on all countries to build partnerships towards achieving sustainable development, is discussed as the foundation of all the SDGs in the concluding note to this chapter, particularly given its explicit provisions on economic cooperation, trade, investment and finance.

scholarly journals Effective Monitoring of Small River Basins

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
W. Symader ◽  
R. Bierl ◽  
A. Krein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Short Pulses

As the transport of many pollutants occurs during high floods monitoring programs must focus on these intermittent events. In small rivers the pollutants start their travel as short pulses often associated with fine particles, but disperse on their way downstreams. Therefore the chemical data of a flood event are only representative of a small part of the basin adjacent to the monitoring station. This is usually not taken into account by evaluating water quality data.

scholarly journals Ecological condition of the small rivers Ik and Syun in the Sharansky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Elvina Rishatovna Nafikova ◽  
Aysylu Airatowna Islamova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

Currently the negative impact of man on aquatic ecosystems is very noticeable. This, in the final analysis, was reflected in the change in the hydrological regime of rivers and lakes. Environmental conditions in many water bodies deteriorated sharply. There are also acute exacerbations of water management situations, deterioration of water use conditions due to the lack of scientifically based principles of nature management in the catchment area, and quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources due to the combined impact of various sectors of the national economy The ecological state of water bodies largely depends on external influences, the magnitude of which should not exceed the permissible limits. In this case, the ecosystem maintains its stability. The paper deals with the assessment of the ecological state of rivers and their resistance to polluting effects, in particular, an assessment of the quality of the water of the Ik and Syun rivers in the Sharansky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Physico-chemical and organoleptic analyses of the rivers have been carried out. The research was conducted in September-May 2016-2017. The analysis of the water was carried out in the analytical laboratories of the Tuimazy inter-district branch of the FBU Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The water quality in the river was estimated using the Mayer index.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD ON THE VESELUKHA SMALL RIVER BASIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
І. V. Gopchak ◽  
T. O. Basiuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Small River ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Small River Basin

Relevance of research. As a result of economic activities and irrational use of water and land resources in small river basins there are problems connected with pollution, destruction of natural landscape complexes of river valleys and adjoining territories, engineering reorganization of canals and floodplains as a result of melioration works. All these changes in river basins require operational control and response, which is possible only if real estimation of the level of anthropogenic load on river basins is carried out and the limits of permissible economic interference in their ecosystem are determined. The purpose of research – assessment of the ecological condition of the basin of the Veselukha River by the criteria of anthropogenic load. Research methods. The analysis of anthropogenic load and evaluation of the ecological condition of the Veselukha River basin was carried out in accordance with "Methodology for calculation of anthropogenic load and classification of the ecological state of small river basins of Ukraine". The calculation was made using the logic-mathematical model "Small River Basin", for four independent models of the main subsystems of the river basin: radioactive contamination of the territory, land use, use of river runoff, water quality. The quantitative and qualitative anthropogenic conditions by various indicators of four subsystems for classification of the ecological state of the river basin were estimated. Research results. According to the state of radioactive contamination, the area of the river catchment was estimated as "satisfactory". Based on the results of the analysis, the integrated value of land use was 3.7 and the state of the subsystem "Use of land" in the basin of the Veselukha river was determined as "good". The general state of river runoff use in the basin based on the joint effect of all these indicators of anthropogenic load on the state of the subsystem "Use of river runoff" was evaluated as "good" with a quantitative value of 3.0. The general condition of the subsystem "Water Quality" in the basin of the Veselukha River is characterized by the IV class of water quality, it corresponds to "polluted", with a quantitative level of -1. According to the results of the integrated assessment of all subsystems of the river basin, an induction coefficient of anthropogenic load (ICAN) was specified as is -1.0 and classifies the ecological state of the Veselukha River basin as "minor changes".

scholarly journals Wild Populations Of Medicago Falcata L. In Small River Basins Of European Russia As A Source Material For Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
L M Tseiko ◽  
M N Kostomakhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Cultivation Conditions

Abstract The genetic resources of wild populations of Medicago falcate L. of the Cretaceous South of the Srednerussky Upland in ecotopic conditions of chalky slopes and floodplain meadows in the basins of small rivers Tikhaya Sosna and Manjokha were studied to find the source material for breeding work to create varieties for different cultivation conditions. Evaluation of phytocenotic features, density of cenopopulations, forage and seed species was carried out. The species M. falcata forms, both on meadows in floodplains and on chalk slopes, full-membered normal cenopopulations, which have a continual (continuous) distribution of individuals by age groups, stable in time and in space. The centralized ontogenetic spectrum indicates the stable status of M. falcata cenopopulations in plant communities in various ecotopes of small river basins. The density of individuals of M. falcata was on average 18.9 % higher in cenopopulations of floodplains than in chalk slopes. The density of generative individuals in all studied cenopopulations was on average close and varied within 81.2-83.7 %, which indicates their stability in time and high adaptive potential. The weight of one fruiting model plant of floodplain meadows was 2.28 times higher than on chalky slopes. Seed yield on floodplain meadows was 2.02 times higher than on chalky slopes. Valuable source material for breeding M. falcatum varieties adapted to different ecotopic conditions was obtained.

scholarly journals Basin systems of small rivers of Western Podillya: state, change tendencies, perspectives of nature management and nature protection optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Ljubomyr P. Tsaryk ◽  
Ivan P. Kovalchuk ◽  
Petro L. Tsaryk ◽  
Bogdan S. Zhdaniuk ◽  
Ihor R. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Functional Features

The level of anthropogenization of the natural processes and the geocomponents of the basin geosystems of small rivers in Western Podillya has been estimated and rated as ecologically dangerous from the viewpoint of sustainable and conflict free functioning. The scales of the transformation of the components of natural environment by economic activities since 1774 were revealed using the method of comparative-geographic analysis of cartographic sources. The scales of deforestation were determined, as well as the scales of the influences of drainage meliorations on wetlands, river floodplains and riverbed complexes. It has been established that such transformations of the state of the components of landscape systems have caused the manifestation of a set of unfavorable processes and phenomena (lowering of ground water level, promoting desiccation, soil erosion and deflation, soil dehumification, decreasing landscape and biological diversity, etc.). Calculated indices of the anthropogenic modification of natural components testify that the strongest adversary impacts on river systems and basin landscapes are caused by agriculture, deforestation, and drainage meliorations. Our analysis of the current state of reclaimed lands in the basins of the rivers Dzhuryn and Nichlava confirmed the conclusions of B. I Kozlovsky on the effects of drainage reclamation on groundwater in drained lands and of the formation within them and around drainage systems of negative hydrogeological zones of different widths. In the absence of precipitation for 30-45 consecutive days in summer there is a sharp decrease in groundwater levels, and overdrying of soils, which causes the manifestation and intensification of deflation, shallowing and even drying of the upper reaches of rivers and streams. At the final stage of the study, a system of measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of river basin geosystems was substantiated. The introduction of an optimization model of land use in the basin geosystem is one of the priority tasks in the context of negative changes in the water regime of watercourses and the water balance of river basin systems. Optimization measures provide for the transformation of the part of degraded and unproductive lands towards the grasslands and the planting of gardens (slopes up to 7°) and afforestation (surface steepness over 7°) to improve the quality of environment and to form the environmentally secure land use system. Regional indices of anthropogenic transformation for the existing and proposed land structure as a normative regional indices of nature utilization optimality are calculated. Substantiation of schemes of basin nature protection networks was based on taking into account the role of protected areas in maintaining certain functional features at the sources, in the middle and lower parts of river basins. Based on the results of field surveys, it is proposed to create nine protected areas within the Dzhuryn Basin and eight protected areas within the Nichlava river basin, which will increase the share of protected areas of the Dzhuryn basin to 8% (compared to present 4.8%) and Nichlava to 19%. At the same time, it is proposed to change the structure of the nature reserve fund of the Nichlava river basin, taking into account the existing high share (77%) of general zoological reserves, inefficient from the standpoint of conservation of natural complexes, instead creating six landscape reserves on an area of about 800 hectares. The paper considers the possibility of further development of the tourist and recreational sphere in the near-Dnister sections of the river basins of Dzhuryn and Nichlava, and proposes the creation of Borshchiv Regional landscape park in the picturesque valley of the Nichlava River.

Localizing indicators of Sustainable Development Goals : A model in the context of Indian Himalayan States for SDG 13 and 15.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajlakshmi Datta ◽  
Dr. Bharti Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Combat Climate Change

This paper argues the need and the mechanism to localize the  indicators of SDG[Sustainable Development Goals] for Indian Himalayan States  in the context of SDG Goal 13 and SDG Goal  15.Goal 13 of the SDG is to  take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts  while  Goal 15 of SDG aims to  protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. These two goals out of the seventeen goals are directly related to environment, ecology and climate change. The Indian Himalayan Region[IHR] being the life sustaining  system of millions of people and vast species of flora and fauna in uplands and much more in lowland areas  due to its vast bio physical diversity also acts as a climate regulator for the continent. This paper first develops the context arguing why Goal 13 and 15 should be topmost priority  for the Indian   Himalayan  states. The paper then recommends some sequential suggestive steps  to develop a schema for monitoring the indicators suggested by UN, MoSPI, NITI Ayog. The  paper suggests that the same can be substantiated into actual monitoring mechanism by mapping the relevant  Centrally Sponsored Schemes( CSS),State Schemes ( SS) and EAP( Externally Aided Projects)in consonance with such indicators.  The paper thus proposes the need for localized implementation of schemes for achieving the Goals and thereafter relevant monitoring of the same considering the basic characteristic of Himalayan states. The paper also insists for the research and study needs to  identify the data gaps in each indicator proposed , by taking a case of  Uttarakhand  as a representative of Himalayan states of India  and presents a model on  how a Himalayan state should decentralize  the monitoring mechanism of each indicator  in different departments by following the model of the State of  Uttarakhand. The paper finally presents policy asks for achieving those time bound targets by substituting SDG with HDG[Himalayan Development Goal].Indicators of UN, MoSPI, NITI Ayog, DES of Uttarakhand and some other Indian Himalayan states and various state government  level  departments have been used to carry out the study.

scholarly journals Impact of ponds and reservoirs construction on the environmental safety of small river basins of the steppe zone of Ukraine (the case of Dnipropetrovsk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
V. G. Andrieiev ◽  
H. V. Hapich
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological State

Formulation of the problem. For the last 30 years, water management in the basins of small rivers in the steppe zone of Ukraine has led to a deterioration of the environmental safety in water use. The current ecological state of small rivers is close to critical, and for today some river basins are subject to catastrophic environmental changes. Almost all small rivers from 70 to 100% in the south and central water-short regions of Ukraine are under regulation due to the construction of a large number of ponds and reservoirs. In most cases, this causes a lack of transportation and low self-cleaning ability. Thus, the conservation, restoration and rational use of water, based on the principles of basin management, should get started along with the improvement of the ecosystems of small rivers.Research results. The paper describes the dynamics of changes in water management, which shows a rapid increase in the number of new ponds in the period of 1990 - 2018 almost threefold. At the same time, the overall dynamics of water consumption in the region in the same period decreased fourfold. Unjustified imbalance between the construction of new facilities and water demand was determined, as well as non-compliance with the current statutory provisions. Due to the transformation of natural watercourses into cascades of "evaporator ponds" an ecologically dangerous transformation of small river basins with the change of hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and sanitary regimes takes place. To evaluate the level of environmental hazards associated with water management, it is proposed to determine the river fragmentation coefficient, which is the ratio of the number of ponds and reservoirs to the length of the river. When evaluating the environmental hazard for rivers in a specific territory (administrative area, district or catchment area), the fragmentation coefficient is determined by the ratio of the number of ponds and reservoirs to the size of the territory. Comparative analysis indicates that Dnipropetrovsk region is one of the most environmentally dangerous in terms of the negative impact of river basins fragmentation by artificial reservoirs. The case of a small river basin (the Nyzhnia Tersa River) presents the application of the approach to evaluate the level of environmental safety associated with water management. It is proposed a mechanism for increasing the level of environmental safety in water use by observing and implementing heterogeneous groups of indicators that determine the overall efficiency of the river ecosystem functioning.Conclusions. In order to stabilize and restore the hydrological and ecological state of small rivers in the steppe zone of Ukraine, it is important to: 1) make a detailed evaluation of the compliance of the available number of ponds and small reservoirs in river basins with the requirements of the Water Code of Ukraine; 2) prove ecologically and economically the feasibility of further operation for each individual reservoir and structure; 3) develop regional programs for the elimination of ponds and reservoirs that do not fulfil their water management functions and cause environmental hazards to the functioning of the river basin ecosystem; 4) improve methodological approaches to evaluation of the environmental safety of water facilities in small river basins.

scholarly journals Imperatives for Pastoral Livelihood Sustainability in the Mara Ecosystem, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alice A. Oluoko-Odingo ◽  
Evaristus Makuyi Irandu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

The seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form a firm foundation for livelihoods and ecologi-cal sustainability in biodiversity conservation. Of the 17 SDGs, five of them focus on promoting sustainable consumption and production patterns (SDG 12), promotion of actions at all levels to deal with climate change (SDG 13), protecting and restoring all terrestrial ecosystems to end biodiversity loss (SDG 15), achieving peaceful and inclusive societies, the rule of law, effective and capable institutions (SDG 16) and strengthening and enhancing the means of implementation and global partnership for sustainable development (SDG 17) form the bond within which other SDGs coalesce with the goal of attaining sustainability of planetary ecosystems. The Kenyan and Tanzanian constitutions also are aligned to the achievement of livelihood sustainability. The fragmentation of the Mau-Mara ecosystem and consequent loss of wildlife habitat, the occurrence of droughts due to fluctuating rainfall patterns, loss of woody vegetation, commercial agricultural land use, population growth, increase in human settlement, and associated poaching are some of the factors responsible for shrinking wildlife resources in the Mara. Climate change poses a serious challenge for the Mara due to its adverse effects on temperature and rainfall patterns. Several recommendations have been suggested in this paper regarding different ways of addressing these human-wildlife conflicts. They include growing wildlife as a cash crop with a bonus to the local community and collaboration with the private sector to enhance the free movement of livestock while also freeing space within wildlife corridors, among others. This paper attempts to examine how the Maasai pastoral livelihoods are changing and the strategies adopted to cope with climate change and competing land uses in the Mara ecosystem. Suggestions are also made on some practical solutions that could contribute to sustainable pastoral livelihood systems in the area if implemented. This paper relies on literature search and review of various research works carried out in the Mara-Serengeti to highlight key issues involving livelihoods’ sustainability in the Mara ecosystem. The research revealed the threat posed by climate change and underlined the need for adaptation ensure livelihood sustainability.  

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