scholarly journals Evaluation of thermo-mechanical and microbial-facilitated processing on the chemical composition of soybean meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
W P S Suprayogi ◽  
A Ratriyanto ◽  
N Akhirini ◽  
R F Hadi ◽  
W Setyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of microbial fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae on the chemical composition of a commercial soybean meal (SBM). Five quadruplicate samples of SBM were subjected to four treatments with one batch serves as a control. The treatments were steam conditioning treatment (P1) where the other three groups were further fermented with B. subtilis (P2), A. oryzae (P3), and the combination of B. subtilis + A. oryzae (P4). The results showed that bacterial and fungal inoculation increased crude protein (CP) content when compared to control (p<0.05). In addition, fiber fractions including neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were concomitantly decreased with fermentation (p<0.05). In this study, no significant difference was observed on CP and NDF content with heating treatment (P1, p>0.05). However, this treatment decreased ADF content (p<0.05). Ether extract (EE), ash, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total phosphorus contents were not affected by the treatments. To conclude, fermentation either with bacterial or fungal inoculants was effective to improve the chemical composition of SBM as indicated by increasing CP and decreasing fiber contents of SBM.

Comparison of Fall-Applied Pronamide with Spring-Applied Sethoxydim for Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles D. Leroux ◽  
Robert G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Established stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) at two field locations were treated at one date in the fall with pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynil) benzamide] at 0.8 and 1.6 kg ai/ha and at two dates in the spring with sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ai/ha for the control of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE]. Herbicide efficacy was compared by measuring botanical and chemical composition and yield of forage. Both chemicals suppressed quackgrass in first-cutting herbage. While sethoxydim at the higher rate was equivalent to pronamide for increasing the proportion of alfalfa in forage, pronamide was superior for increasing seasonal total yield. Late postemergence applications of sethoxydim were more effective for quackgrass regrowth control than earlier spring applications. Controlling quackgrass in late spring resulted in lower crude protein (CP) content in first-cutting forage than did controlling it in fall. Alfalfa competing with untreated quackgrass had a lower CP content than where quackgrass was controlled with herbicides. All herbicide treatments reduced the neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) of the herbage. As measured by the acid-detergent fiber (ADF) concentration of alfalfa, sethoxydim slightly retarded spring growth of the legume.

scholarly journals Validating prediction equations of metabolizable energy of soybean meal for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4541
Author(s):  
Tiago Junior Pasquetti ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to evaluate equations to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of soybean meal (SBM) for swine. Seven SBM were used, which were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, solubility in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and urease index. To determine the ME of SBM, 32 barrows, with an average initial weight of 29.01 ± 3.64 kg, were used and distributed in a randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. To validate the prediction equations, linear regression models were adjusted, using observed values of ME (metabolism trial) as a function of the estimated ME (obtained by applying the chemical composition of the SBM in selected equations found in the literature). The existence of regression was evaluated by the “t” test, partially applied to each parameter (?0 and ?1). The validation of the prediction models of first degree was obtained by accepting the joint null hypothesis ?0 = 0 and ?1 = 1. The equations ME = 5.42 - 17.2FDN - 19.4MM + 0.709GE and ME= 1099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF are effective for estimating the ME of SBM for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Sowing Season and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates in Two Oats Cultivars Grown Under Greenhouse Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Luis Aurelio Sanches ◽  
Leandro Coelho de Araujo ◽  
Sabrina Novaes dos Santos-Araujo ◽  
Aline Tais de Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Two experiments were carried out in the experimental field of the Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo state, Brazil, in a greenhouse from April to July 2015. This study aimed at evaluating the best sowing season and response to nitrogen doses for the cultivars of yellow oat São Carlos and black IAPAR 61. The experiments were conducted in randomized blocks designs in a factorial scheme with three replicates. The sowing seasons were April 23, May 08, and May 5 and the nitrogen doses were 0; 12.5; 25; 35.5 and 50 kg ha-1 cycle. Harvests at 30 and 60 days were conducted in order to estimate of the production of dry weight (DW), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). For a productivity of DW, there was interaction between sowing season and oat cultivars and significant differences for CP in the second harvesting. For NDF, a significant difference was observed between harvesting. The most suitable time for sowing of both yellow oats and black oats is early May. Dry weight yield and the CP content of yellow oats increased linearly with increasing nitrogen rates while for black oats a maximum DM yield were obtained with the application of 43.5 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradability of forage soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. C. F. García ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
O. Marois-Mainguy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of forage soybean cultivar on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and ruminal degradability of silage. Two cultivars of forage soybean (Kodiak and Mammouth) were field-grown, harvested at the R6 stage, and ensiled in mini-silos (n = 3) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 d. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine in situ ruminal nutrient degradabilities of the 45-d silages. Both cultivars went through slow fermentation as indicated by a gradual decline in pH up to day 45 post-ensiling. Lactic acid concentration increased throughout ensiling and was higher for Mammouth than Kodiak except at day 45 post-ensiling. Analysis of the 45-d silages showed that Mammouth contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 490 vs. 444 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (371 vs. 353 g kg-1) and acid detergent lignin (81 vs. 64 g kg-1) than Kodiak. However, crude protein (CP) concentration was higher for Kodiak than Mammouth. Mammouth silage had lower buffer soluble protein and higher neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein concentrations than Kodiak silage. Results of the in situ study indicated that Kodiak silage had greater ruminal dry matter (606 vs. 549 g kg-1), CP (828 vs. 752 g kg -1) and NDF (272 vs. 227 g kg-1) degradabilities than Mammouth. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of forage soybean silage were significantly influenced by cultivar. Key words: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], silage, ensiling; forage quality, nutrient degradability

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Six Species of Fodder (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽  
Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽  
Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo Barcena-Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Low Levels

Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Acacia angustissima, Dalea spp., Desmodium spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Phaseolus vulgaris and Tephrosia vicioides (Fabaceae) fodder species. Design/Methodology/Approach: Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude lignin (CL), cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), cellular content (CC) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The design was completely random with three repetitions. The variables were correlated by pairs and the means of the species were compared with Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results: Dalea spp. had the highest crude protein (17.7%), followed by A. angustissima (15.9%) and L. leucocephala (14.1%). A. angustissima (73.2%), Dalea spp. (74.9%) and P. vulgaris (77.5%) showed the highest IVDMD. L. leucocephala, Tephrosia vicioides and Desmodium spp. showed the lowest values of CP (14.1, 11.8 and 12.3%, respectively) and IVDMD (70.4, 70.2 and 64.9%, respectively). Desmodium spp. showed high levels of NDF (59.2%), ADF (41.4%), CL (17.5%), Cel (29.7%) and Hcel (17.8%) (P?0.05). IVDMD showed positive correlation with CC and negative correlations with NDF, CL, and Hcel (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Desmodium spp. showed high content of CL and low values of CP and IVDMD, therefore supplements should be added when used in animal feed. Findings/Conclusions: Dalea spp. showed low levels of lignin and high levels of protein and digestibility, making it posible to use as feed for ruminants

scholarly journals Nutritional value of elephant grass genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique de Souza ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Ednaldo da Silva Filho ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritive Values

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the nutritive value of four elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes. The chemical composition, intake by sheep, and digestibility of different genotypes (G1, G2, G3, and G4) were evaluated. A dry matter (DM) digestibility assay was performed with total leftovers and feces collected from 20 sheep kept in metabolic cages. G3 had lower DM intake in grams per animal per day compared with G1 and G2, and it had greater digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber values. G1, G2, and G4 have the best nutritive values among the evaluated genotypes.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradation of Panicum grasses in three post-regrowth ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Spindola Garcez ◽  
Arnaud Azevêdo Alves ◽  
Ernando de Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Claudiane Morais dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Louçana da Costa Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation of Maasai, Mombasa and Tanzania grasses belonging to the genus Panicum, at 22, 34 and 46 days after regrowth. The contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined. For the evaluation of ruminal degradation, 4 g sample were placed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of a fistulated animal, for 6, 24 and 72 h. The experiment had a completely randomized design for chemical composition analysis and a split-split plot completely randomized design for in situ degradation, with means compared by Tukey test at 5%. There was an increase in the contents of DM (+ 1.69%) and NDF (+ 5.06%) (P <0.05) of the grasses at the highest cutting ages with reduction in the CP fraction. The potential degradation (PD) of DM, NDF and CP decreased with advancing age of grasses, with an increase in colonization time (0.69 h) and NDF degradation rate (1.14%/h). The increase in the post-regrowth age of the Massai, Mombasa, and Tanzania grasses increases the acid detergent fiber content and reduces the crude protein content, with a negative effect on the degradation of DM, PB and NDF. The management of these cultivars is indicated at 22 and 34 days post-regrowth to obtain forage with better nutritional value.

scholarly journals Validating prediction equations of metabolizable energy of soybean meal for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4541
Author(s):  
Tiago Junior Pasquetti ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate equations to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of soybean meal (SBM) for swine. Seven SBM were used, which were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, solubility in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and urease index. To determine the ME of SBM, 32 barrows, with an average initial weight of 29.01 ± 3.64 kg, were used and distributed in a randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. To validate the prediction equations, linear regression models were adjusted, using observed values of ME (metabolism trial) as a function of the estimated ME (obtained by applying the chemical composition of the SBM in selected equations found in the literature). The existence of regression was evaluated by the “t” test, partially applied to each parameter (?0 and ?1). The validation of the prediction models of first degree was obtained by accepting the joint null hypothesis ?0 = 0 and ?1 = 1. The equations ME = 5.42 - 17.2FDN - 19.4MM + 0.709GE and ME= 1099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF are effective for estimating the ME of SBM for growing pigs.</p>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF FARMYARD MANURE IN GRASSLAND PRODUCTION

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar SIMIĆ ◽  
Bojan STOJANOVIĆ ◽  
Savo VUČKOVIĆ ◽  
Jordan MARKOVIĆ ◽  
Aleksa BOŽIČKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Grassland Production

This experiment aimed at determining the effect of farmyard manure (FYM)applicationon a natural pasturein Western Serbia, with a 30 t ha-1treatment incomparison to control (no fertilizer added) during two years (2012-2014).The FYMwas applied in the autumn of 2012 and the trial plots were harvested twice a year.Dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality - content of crude protein (CP),nonprotein N (%CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) andnet energy for lactation(NEL), were estimated for each production year. Treatmentwith manure gave a higher DM yield compared to control plots in bothexperimental years (5.91 t ha-1 vs. 3.01 t ha-1 in 2013, and 2.76 vs. 2.03 t ha-1 in2014). As expected,the yield in the second cuts of both years was much lower thanin the first cuts. The FYM application did not affect chemical composition and netenergy concentration of forages, whereas significant effects of different cuts werefound, but were inconsistent between the first and second experimental year. Ingeneral, it can be concluded that application of FYM did not have a significanteffect on forage quality ina permanent grassland, whereas chemical compositionwas significantly affected by different cuts and experimental years. Based on theresults, a grassland may have a good DM yield response if FYM is used as afertilizer, while the effect on forage qualitymay be much weaker.

scholarly journals Performance and Chemical Composition of 18 Nondormant Alfalfa Cultivars at the Lajas Valley

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
J. Vélez-Santiago ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Torres-Rivera ◽  
N. Corchado Juarbe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Forage Yields

Eighteen alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars were evaluated as to dry forage and crude protein yields at the Lajas Research and Development Center; there were 6 cuttings during a 232-day period. Dry forage yields ranged from 4,673 kgfha for Tanverde (lowest) to 11,675 kg/ha for Maracay (highest) cultivar. Good yields were also obtained with Florida 66, Moapa, Peruvian, Certified Mesa Sirsa, and Hayden PX-1 cultivars. Stand persistence declined markedly after the fifth harvest due to Phytophthora root rot infestation. Maracay, Florida 66, and Certified Mesa Sirsa showed the best persistence through the sixth cutting. Mean overall values for neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, silica, crude protein, phosphorus, and potassium contents for the 18 cultivars were 34.86, 29.13, 10.22, 17.08, 1.42, 21.86, 0.36, and 2.08%, respectively. Insects were not a major problem in this study.

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