scholarly journals Solar Irrigation System in Indonesia: Practical Assessment and Evaluation for Converting Fossil Fuels with Solar Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Zulfatri Aini ◽  
Kunaifi ◽  
Alex Wenda ◽  
Ewi Ismaredah ◽  
Wahyu Anjarjati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract This study proposes a sustainable solar-powered irrigation system (SPIS) for a 75-hectares rice farm in Krandegan Village, Purworejo Regency, Indonesia. The existing water pumping system uses diesel engines which cost around Rp. 200 million per year that cannot be provided by the farmers. The SPIS was designed based on water requirements calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The technical design of SPIS used Lorentz Compass considering local solar energy sources and the availability of SPIS components in the local markets. The entire farm in Krandegan requires 11 SPISs with a total capacity of the solar panel of 20.8 kWp. Also, the SPISs use 11 centrifugal DC pumps; 10 surface and 1 submersible type. The SPIS in Krandegan would require a total cost of Rp. 1.29 billion. Without the financial support of the capital costs from other parties, the simple payback time (SPT) would be around 6.5 years, which is good for a solar photovoltaic (PV) project. SPIS is not only a viable solution to replace diesel engines in supplying water to the rice farm in Krandegan, but is also in line with the seventh target of Indonesia’s Village sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Solar Pumping System for Rural Areas Water Supply in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 811-814
Author(s):  
Masin Muhammadu Muhammadu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Solar Powered

Nigeria is endowed with abundant energy resources, both conventional and renewable, which can potentially provide the country with a sufficient capacity to meet the ambitions of both urban and rural Nigerians of a full, nationwide electrification level. Yet, Nigeria has one of the lowest consumption rates of electricity per capita in Africa. With the demand superseding the generation, there is inequitable access of rural communities to the electricity service in the country. There are inherent obstacles militating against the effective implementation of an orderly energy policy in Nigeria. The inefficiencies over shadowing the allocation of energy resources coupled with the near depletion of fossil fuels, make it imperative for the country to exploit its huge natural renewable resources to avoid a worsening energy supply scenario and provide feasible solar water pump to rural dwellers. This paper presents the applications of solar water pumping which are already quite significant and are growing at steady rate. Solar energy is suitable for small-scale water pumping in remote areas where the demand is regular, such as for drinking water, but it may also be used for irrigation. Most areas in Nigeria have climates suitable for solar pumping. A review is given of the use of solar energy for water pumping to improve the living conditions of the population in rural areas and to develop techniques for utilization of solar energy in a tropical environment condition. Results, suggests that, solar powered water pumping must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated by full scale in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Solar powered smart irrigation system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanatha V
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Continuous Extraction ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
System P ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Solar Powered

In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because the  main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of  un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. The system derives power from solar energy through photovoltaic cells. Hence, dependency on erratic commercial power is not required. In this paper we use solar energy which is used to operate the irrigation pump. The circuit comprises of sensor parts built using op-amp IC. Op-amp’s are configured here as a comparator. Two stiff  probes are inserted in the soil to sense whether the soil is wet  or dry. A microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensors and when sensors sense dry condition of soil, then microcontroller will send command to relay driver IC the contacts of which are used to switch on the motor and it will switch off the motor when the soil is in wet condition. The microcontroller does the above job as it receives the signal from the sensors through the output of the comparator, and these signals operate which is stored in ROM of the microcontroller. The condition of the pump i.e., ON/OFF is displayed on a 16X2 LCD which is interfaced to the microcontroller. Further it can be enhanced in future by interfacing it with a GSM modem to gain control over the switching operation of the motor.

scholarly journals Economic and Financial Assessment of Solar-Powered Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Lana Mousa Abu-Nowar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Solar Powered

This paper aimed at assessing the economic and financial viability of solar-powered irrigation of tomato crop in Jordan Valley. Data were collected from 16 tomato farms that use solar-powered irrigation system. Another 16 farms with diesel-powered irrigation system was investigated for comparative reasons. Descriptive statistics, Cost Function Analysis (CFA), Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), Water Productivity (WP) and the financial indicators of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP) and Benefit to Cost Ratio (B/C) were the main economic and financial analytical tools used in this study. The results of the study revealed that costs of inputs, labor costs and equipment and maintenance costs have had a lower adverse impact on the total revenues level when using solar-powered irrigation system. The results also indicated the preference of the investigated financial indicators (NPV, IRR, PP and B/C ratio) when solar-powered irrigation is used compared to diesel-powered irrigation. The results also revealed a lower cost of life of the farm under the use of solar-powered irrigation. The governmental policies and programs should be directed toward the concepts of renewable energy in general and solar energy uses in agriculture in particular. Special agricultural extension plans in training and capacity building of farmers and extension workers on the use of solar energy in irrigation of agricultural crops should be developed. Cooperation in the fields of solar energy between the Ministry of Agriculture and related parties such as the Royal Scientific Society and the Ministry of Energy should be initiated to conduct specialized researches in the fields of solar energy use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Performance Study of the Direct-Coupled Photovoltaic Water Pumping System for the Rural-Isolated Agricultural Region in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Mahmood Hussein Salman ◽  
Adel A. Obed ◽  
Ahmed J. Abid
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Solar Powered

The rural-isolated agricultural region in Iraq and some developing countries lack access to electricity, and thus the primarily alternative is to use diesel water pumping systems to irrigate their crops. However, due to a rise in the oil's price on the international market, toxic pollution from burning oil, high maintenance costs, and short lifespans have been challenged to create more viable alternatives. Renewable energy can limit the use of fossil fuels, particularly by using the solar-powered water pumping system. This article aimed at finding an optimal design for a direct-coupled photovoltaic water pumping system in Iraq. The article presents the significant design aspect for an optimal system, such as the groundwater aquifer depth, installation aspect, cost, and irrigation efficiency. The design offers a combination of sprinkler and environmentally sustainable and cost-effective photovoltaic technology to reduce electricity and water use. A deep well to the storage system is adopted with, 40m maximum well depth, 90m3 reservoir, 1200W submersible pump, and 1800 Wp, which can supply water to 12 greenhouses for three days. The yearly results show pumping efficiency is increased up to 42.6%, used water need is achieved at 10950 m3, and unused energy is reduced by 48.8%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Stress Coefficient Ks in Different Olive Orchards

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Efthimios Kokkotos ◽  
Anastasios Zotos ◽  
Angelos Patakas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Stress Coefficient ◽  
Olive Trees

The Mediterranean basin is characterized by hot and dry summers, which are aggravated by climate change, leading to water shortages for irrigation purposes. Olive trees (Olea europea L.) which are the most common cultivation in the area, while tolerant to drought conditions, are often irrigated due to the fact that they suffer from water deficits with negative impacts on yield. The knowledge of the onset and water stress intensity, essentially determines the accuracy of an irrigation schedule that avoids yield reduction and waste of water. Water stress can be quantified by stress coefficient Ks, as suggested by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Combinations and adjustments of the FAO method with field measured data have been used to calculate Ks more precisely and apply it on single experimental fields. The FAO method and a validation method were compared and evaluated with in situ measurements in two different olive orchards in terms of tree age and irrigation system. The results indicate that the FAO method fails to distinguish the differences between cultivars, attributed mainly to the tree age and irrigation system, rendering almost a similar slope of Ks and calculating a nearly simultaneous onset of stress, which was not confirmed by pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) measurements.

Design and Construction of a Solar-Powered Fluidyne Test Bed

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson W. Mason ◽  
James W. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solar Powered

Liquid piston Stirling engines (sometimes termed “fluidynes”) have been studied extensively and applied in a variety of energy conversion applications. They are attractive for low capital costs and simplicity of construction. In addition, their operation as external combustion engines allows for flexibility in primary energy sources which is a distinct advantage when a low-cost or free source of heat can be paired with their minimal construction costs. Disadvantages of these devices include relatively low efficiency and low power density. A solar-powered fluidyne test bed was constructed and operated at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. This test bed was composed of a fluidyne engine which was constructed from copper pipe and plastic tubing along with temperature and pressure instrumentation. The system was designed to be powered by a Fresnel lens concentrating solar energy. The concentrated solar energy from the Fresnel lens provided ample power to operate the test bed, and tests were run in a wide variety of conditions. Indicated work of this unloaded engine was shown to agree well with a simple theoretical model of a Stirling cycle.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Powered Water Pumping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping

Analytical study of solar photovoltaic water pumping system can be performed on the basis of technical, economical and environmental phenomenon. Use of solar energy to generate off grid electric power has been enhanced in these days and it is continuously increasing day to day due to the active interest of government and people. Numbers of applications are available in the solar energy field and amongst its various applications solar photovoltaic water pumping system is best utilized for agriculture and community water supply. It has increased agriculture productivity due to the power availability when needed for irrigation. This technology has improved the living standard of farmers and villagers who have not proper electrical supply as per their requirement for water pumping. This technology is helping to complete the mission of government and helps farmers to get water pumping system without any need of grid connection. The use of fossil fuels was common earlier for the pumping system and mostly diesel generator based systems are used which causes emission of CO2 and other harmful gases. Fossil fuels increase pollution and causes global warming, health problems and many more while solar energy based applications are helping to reduce CO2 emission and making a step toward green environment. This manuscript presents study of technical and economic analysis of solar water pumping system useful for various water supply applications especially in agriculture sector.

Biofuels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pimentel ◽  
Michael Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Director General ◽  
World Population ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Increasing Demand

A rapidly growing world population and an even more rapidly growing consumption of fossil fuels are increasing demand for both food and biofuels, which will exaggerate both the food and fuel shortages around the world. Producing biofuels requires huge amounts of both fossil energy and food resources, which will intensify conflicts over these resources. Using food crops to produce ethanol raises major nutritional and ethical concerns. More than 66% of the world human population is currently malnourished, so the need for grains and other basic foods is critical. Growing crops for fuel squanders land, water, and energy resources vital for the production of food for people. Using food and feed crops for ethanol production has brought increases in the prices of US beef, chicken, pork, eggs, breads, cereals, and milk of 10% to 20%. In addition, Jacques Diouf, Director General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports that using food grains to produce biofuels is already causing food shortages for the poor of the world. Growing crops for biofuel ignores the need to reduce natural resource consumption and exacerbates the problem of malnourishment worldwide by turning food grain into biofuel.

scholarly journals Integrated green submersible pumping system for future generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Bidrohi Bhattacharjee ◽  
Pradip Sadhu ◽  
Ankur Ganguly ◽  
Ashok Naskar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Cost

In the system solar power has been used for cultivation. Solar photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electricity through solar photovoltaic (SPV) effect. Generated DC voltage then converted in to AC voltage by pump controller, this AC voltage is used as the input of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). The VFD acts as a motor controller that controls the submersible pump motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its input power supply. The VFD is associated with pump controller. Regulated three phase AC voltage is the output of the pump controller which is directly connected with submersible pump. The water thus drawn from bore wells by a solar water pump is pumped to supply for irrigation purpose as required. This system is full off-grid interfaced system appropriate for the village areas. The main goal of this system is to use solar energy at a minimum running cost. The solar powered project is completely eco friendly and the plant is relatively clean with small maintenance. This project helps to reduce the cost of electricity, as well as minimize the overall agricultural cost.

The Feasibility of Photovoltaic Pumping System For Apple Orchards Irrigation in Loess Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Sun ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xuerui Gao ◽  
Yubao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Western China ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Application Potential

<p>Rainwater collection and utilization is a common method to relieve soil water pressure in dry dryland orchards. Due to relatively low levels of economic development and population distribution, these areas are unable to develop electricity or import large amounts of energy, resulting in rainwater harvesting often not being fully utilized. Photovoltaic (PV) pumping system is an effective way to ensure the sustainable utilization of soil water in apple orchards. In order to explore the application potential of PV pumping system in the apple suitable area of the loess plateau, this study simulates the rainwater collection amount and the orchard water demand change process in typical hydrological years and conducts a feasibility analysis of the PV pumping system from both technical and economic perspectives. The results found that the precipitation from June to October could not meet the water requirement of the growth of apple tree in the demonstration orchard and the total annual water demand reaches 170 m³. Fortunately, the local solar energy resources can basically meet the demand for solar energy in the PV pumping irrigation system, which ensures sufficiently irrigation water for the apple trees grow. After the completion of the PV pumping irrigation system, the income from the increase in fresh grass production in the demonstration area will reach 8019 CNY/year. The ratio of investment to income is 1:3.0. The investment recovery period is 4 years and it has good economic feasibility. Finally, using spatial geographic information technology, the apple-adapted area is systematically matched with the most suitable planting area for solar irrigation. The land area suitable for solar technology irrigation accounts for 47.6% of the total area, showing promising prospects to be popularized in Western China at large scale.</p><p>KEY WORDS: photovoltaic pumping System; Loess plateau; economic benefit; application potential; Apple orchards</p>

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