scholarly journals Development and implementation of a web-system for making management decisions on increasing soil productivity of degraded agricultural lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032096
Author(s):  
A Ilinskiy ◽  
A Matveev ◽  
K Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Web System ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Abstract Experimental studies on the effectiveness of the use of new organo-mineral amendments obtained on the basis of biocompost to restore fertility and increase the productivity of degraded alluvial meadow medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy loamy soils of reclaimed agricultural lands were carried out by the authors of the paper as part of the implementation of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “To develop a scientific and methodological approach and new agro-meliorative methods for restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed lands, reclaiming contaminated soils and disturbed pasture areas in the European part of Russia”. The studies included a series of long-term greenhouse and field experiments performed on the reclaimed lands of JSC “Moskovskoye” and the stationary site of the Meshchersky branch of the A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, which resulted in new ways of restoring the fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using multifunctional amendments for the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. At the end of the experimental studies, the authors developed a database, and then an information and reference Web-system that allows entering, storing, finding and analyzing information on ways to increase the soil fertility of degraded reclaimed agricultural land and low-productivity lands involved in agricultural circulation using biocompost based on the processing of organic waste. This software allows making scientifically based and timely decisions to restore fertility and increase soil productivity.

scholarly journals Radiological condition of farmland in Ukrainian Polissya

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
A. Naumenko ◽  
O. Makarchuk ◽  
O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Radioactive Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Radio Isotopes

The accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power station caused a radioactive pollution in 1986. The size of distribution of radioisotopes is considered to be a global catastrophe. Due to the escalation of radioactive clouds and characteristic peculiarities of climate and soil typical for biogeocenose of Polissia, the examination of soil of agricultural lands resulted in concluding that the most contaminated regions are Chernihiv, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions. The analysis of the density of soil contamination with 137Cs and 90Sr which has been done through radiological monitoring for thirty years after the Chornobyl accident is currently important due to the fact that the half reduction of radio isotopes usually takes such a period of time. Therefore, this article presents agricultural land areas of contaminated soils 137Cs during the 1986; it also considers their current radiological state. It should be noted that a statement of purpose to conduct specifying radio ecological examination of land is done to get an intrinsic evaluation of changes in the density of contaminated soils of agricultural land areas.

scholarly journals On the mapping of especially valuable agricultural lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Savin ◽  
A. P. Psareva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Direct Use

Delineation of especially valuable agricultural lands (EVAL) is currently an important task, which will make it possible to preserve agricultural land for its direct use. There are currently no uniform approaches for delineation of EVAL, or they need to be upgraded. We have proposed a new approach based on GIS modeling and simulation of agricultural plant growth. It is proposed to delineate EVAL for each municipal district taking into account its existing specialization in agricultural production. The allocation of EVAL should be based on the assessment of potential productivity of soils and lands for cultivation of the main crops in the district. EVAL should also include pilot fields and areas used for scientific and educational purposes, regardless of potential soil productivity. The proposed approach has been successfully tested on the example of Yasnogorsk district of Tula region. It is shown that the EVAL map, based on the proposed approach, is more related to the actual land productivity and does not depend on the current land use within the area. It is possible to build an EVAL map for the whole country only by building such maps separately for all municipal districts of Russia.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURA PROPER MANAGEMENT BY FAT AUTHORITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Velkovski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In the management of agricultural lands in the Republic of Bulgaria, according to the current legislation, natural persons - owners and users of agricultural lands, legal entities, state bodies and local authorities take part. The Law on the Ownership and Use of Agricultural Land, the Law on the Protection of Agricultural Land, the Regulations on their Implementation and other legal acts regulate the active role of local authorities in the management of agricultural land. This management covers a serious range of tasks and activities, such as: management of lands from the municipal land fund; - consolidation of massifs of agricultural land; reclamation of agricultural lands; exchange of agricultural land; - renting and / or leasing and similar. In addition, local authorities participate in the management of agricultural land, cooperating with the territorial structures of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and other state bodies. The subject of consideration and analysis in the report are some conceptual aspects of the management of agricultural land by local authorities, and the subject of examination are primarily the legislation in this area and the resulting positive and negative effects of their implementation.

The Progress and Pitfalls of Using Survey Experiments in Political Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Mutz ◽  
Eunji Kim
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Political Science ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Survey Experiments

Survey experiments are now quite common in political science. A recent analysis of the number of mentions of this term in political science journal articles demonstrates a dramatic increase from 2000 to 2013. In addition, the term survey experiment has been picked up by many other disciplines, by researchers in a variety of different countries. Given the large number of survey experiments already published, the goal here is not to review the numerous excellent studies using this methodology, because there are far too many, spanning too many different topics. Instead, this juncture—marked by both progress and the proliferation of this method—is used to highlight some of the issues that have arisen as this methodological approach has come of age. How might research using this methodology improve in political science? What are the greatest weaknesses of survey experimental studies in this discipline to date? The explosive growth of survey experiments in political science speaks to their popularity as a means of establishing causal inference. In his reflection on the origins of survey experiments, Paul Sniderman has suggested that their quick rise in popularity was due to two factors: a) their ability to meet expected standards of external validity within the discipline without sacrificing internal validity, and b) the lower marginal cost per study relative to studies that were representative national surveys. Collaborative data collection efforts such as the Multi-Investigator Project and Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) made it possible for more scholars to execute population-based survey experiments at a lower cost per study than traditional surveys. Using shared platforms, researchers can execute many experiments for the price of one representative survey. These explanations make perfect sense in the context of a field such as political science, where external validity traditionally has been valued more highly than internal validity. It may be surprising to younger colleagues to learn that, not all that long ago, experiments were deemed completely inappropriate within the discipline of political science, unless they were field experiments executed in the real world. Experiments involving interventions in naturally occurring political environments were deemed tolerable, but only political psychologists were likely to find experimentation more broadly acceptable due to their strong ties to psychology. In political science, survey experiments were a means of promoting experimental methods in an external-validity-oriented discipline. Survey experiments freed political scientists from college sophomores as subjects and promised that external validity need not be sacrificed for strong causal inference. Times have obviously changed, and political scientists now embrace a much broader array of methodologies including both observational and experimental methods. This occasion provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this innovative method, in theory and in practice.

Using waste soil to rehabilitate degraded agricultural lands: environmental burden as resource

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Argaman ◽  
Nir Becker ◽  
Smadar Tanner ◽  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
Jose Gruenzweig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Waste Soil

<p>The global expansion of infrastructures is generating vast amounts of waste soil (soil excavated from construction sites that cannot be used on-site); the amount of waste soil accumulated in the European Union in 2014 was estimated at 463 x 10<sup>6</sup> tons. The regulation and management of waste soil disposal are currently limited to: (1) local use for various engineering projects; (2) stockpiling on-site for future use; (3) transferal to landfills, which are currently overfilled, as padding material or for disposal. Despite a number of permitted actions for handling waste soil, a significant portion of it is disposed of in the area surrounding the construction site, thus raising the risk of pollution and landscape spoilage. Waste soils are commonly excavated from deep layers, and are therefore saline, sodic, and lack organic matter, preventing their use without pre-treatment. Moreover, due to the intensification of crop production, one-third of the global agricultural land area is susceptible to soil loss by erosion, constituting ~50% of total estimated soil erosion. Here we show a new approach for environmentally, agronomically and economically sustainable use of reclaimed waste soil to rehabilitate degraded agricultural land. In a 3-year field experiment under rain-fed conditions in a semi-arid region of Israel, we found that waste soil ploughed into agricultural soil had low erodibility, similar to that of the original agricultural soil, despite its high sodicity. Waste soil application tended to decrease the soil organic carbon concentration but had no detrimental effect on wheat hay yield or wheat grain yield or quality in the second and third year, respectively. The economic analysis suggested an average reduction of 8.7 million USD in waste soil disposal costs if 50% of the waste soil produced in Israel annually were to be utilized in agricultural fields. Thus, waste soil can be utilized successfully in degraded agricultural lands; this opens a new route to land reclamation and provides land managers and stakeholders with a sustainable way to reduce costs while transforming an environmental burden into a resource.</p>

Problems and prospects of land reclamation in the non-Chernozem zone of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
High Level

The non-black earth zone of Russia is a zone of guaranteed harvest of major agricultural crops. However, at present, the potential of the reclaimed lands of the Non-Black Earth Region remains largely unrealized. In world agricultural practice, land reclamation combined with the use of modern technical means is an important factor in the development of agriculture, a condition for a consistently high level of agricultural production. Therefore, in all countries, reclaimed lands are given a special status, and the necessary amount of reclamation fund of agricultural lands is created.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

Agricultural research reclamation in Ukraine: Professor D.O. Dzhovani (1886–1971)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Verhunov ◽  
Yu. Dovgoruk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Agricultural Schools

The monograph highlights the main stages of development of agricultural research land reclamation work in Ukraine, one of the founders, creators and developers of which was Professor D.O. Dzhovani. The scientific, scientific-organizational and pedagogical activities of the well-known domestic scientist was described, who is an iconic figure for the formation of experimental reclamation work in Ukraine and abroad. The professor laid the scientific-organizational and conceptual principles, in particular the state legislative acts of development of the scientific direction of agro-amelioration in Ukraine and Russia during the 20-30's of the 20th century. He is the author of a number of scientific papers in the field of experimental land reclamation, author of the first textbook in Ukrainian for agricultural courses "Reclamation legislation: a guide for the agricultural schools"(1927). D.O. Dzhovani was personally involved in the opening of a number of reclamation stations in the research network of Ukraine. He was a member of the Scientific & Advisory Board (SAB) on the construction of Dniprelstan and the Special Commission on Dniprelstan at the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine. The scientist is one of the founders of the Ukrainian Scientific & Research Institute of Agricultural Land Reclamation. The available archival documents attest to his significant contribution to the establishment and subsequent functioning of this institution. After forced emigration to Great Britain, he continued to supplement his inventions and research in the field of agriculture, until the end of his days he did not lose active interest in the business of his life – land reclamation and swamp culture. This edition also contains bibliographic descriptions of his works, written personally and in co-authorship, reports on scientific activities, scientific & popular publications. The book is recommended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students, specialists in agricultural science, all those who are interested in the history of agricultural research work development.

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

Conflicts caused by afforestations of agricultural land in densely populated areas

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View

In  densely populated areas, such as Flanders, serious conflicts arise due to the  afforestation of agricultural lands. Roughly speaking, three sectors are  involved: agriculture, forestry and nature conservation. These groups do not  always share the same points of view. But even within the different sectors  there are several subgroups with their own interests and approaches.  Generally speaking, agriculture is strongly opposed, forestry has a  relatively diversified meaning, whereas nature conservation is either opposed  or in favour, depending on the region's biological value.     The policy in this matter is not forest friendly. Legislation strongly  hampers the afforestation of agricultural lands. Moreover the subject leads  to a series of ecological problems, which have not really been considered up  to now.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document