scholarly journals Typological diversity and ecological-geographical characteristics of the forest cover of southern part of the Evenki region

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032111
Author(s):  
L Krivobokov ◽  
L Mukhortova
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Floristic Classification ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

Abstract The article presents the results of preliminary comprehensive ecological and geographical studies of the forest cover of the middle taiga subzone of Central Siberia. The higher syntaxa of forests were identified using the ecological-floristic classification of vegetation (Braun-Blanquet approach). All forest communities in the region are classified as Vaccinio – Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 and are represented by the following orders: Ledo palustris – Laricetalia gmelinii Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004 – coniferous (mainly larch) forests of Northern Eurasia on permafrost soils characterized by stagnant moisture and low heat supply; Piceo obovatae – Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013 – typical Siberian dark coniferous forests; Lathyro humilis – Laricetalia gmelinii Ermakov et al. 2002 – boreal forests with the participation of xeromesophilic moderately thermophilic species, widespread in the ultracontinental climate of East, South Siberia and Mongolia. The features of their ecology and geographic regularities and the participation of order communities in the formation of forest cover in different parts of the studied region were considered.

scholarly journals Zonal aspects of the influence of forest cover change on runoff in northern river basins of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Onuchin ◽  
Т. Burenina ◽  
А. Shvidenko ◽  
D. Prysov ◽  
A. Musokhranova
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Runoff Formation ◽  
Forest Tundra

Abstract Background Assessment of the reasons for the ambiguous influence of forests on the structure of the water balance is the subject of heated debate among forest hydrologists. Influencing the components of total evaporation, forest vegetation makes a significant contribution to the process of runoff formation, but this process has specific features in different geographical zones. The issues of the influence of forest vegetation on river runoff in the zonal aspect have not been sufficiently studied. Results Based on the analysis of the dependence of river runoff on forest cover, using the example of nine catchments located in the forest-tundra, northern and middle taiga of Northern Eurasia, it is shown that the share of forest cover in the total catchment area (percentage of forest cover, FCP) has different effects on runoff formation. Numerical experiments with the developed empirical models have shown that an increase in forest cover in the catchment area in northern latitudes contributes to an increase in runoff, while in the southern direction (in the middle taiga) extensive woody cover of catchments “works” to reduce runoff. The effectiveness of geographical zonality in regards to the influence of forests on runoff is more pronounced in the forest-tundra zone than in the zones of northern and middle taiga. Conclusion The study of this problem allowed us to analyze various aspects of the hydrological role of forests, and to show that forest ecosystems, depending on environmental conditions and the spatial distribution of forest cover, can transform water regimes in different ways. Despite the fact that the process of river runoff formation is controlled by many factors, such as temperature conditions, precipitation regime, geomorphology and the presence of permafrost, the models obtained allow us to reveal general trends in the dependence of the annual river runoff on the percentage of forest cover, at the level of catchments. The results obtained are consistent with the concept of geographic determinism, which explains the contradictions that exist in assessing the hydrological role of forests in various geographical and climatic conditions. The results of the study may serve as the basis for regulation of the forest cover of northern Eurasian river basins in order to obtain the desired hydrological effect depending on environmental and economic conditions.

Vegetation on technogenic habitats in the far-north taiga and south forest-tundra of the European North-East of Russia. Alliance Chamerio angustifolii–Matricarion hookeri A. Ishbirdin et al. 1996

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
I. A. Likhanova ◽  
G. S. Shushpannikova ◽  
L. P. Turubanova
Keyword(s):  
Komi Republic ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Far North ◽  
North East ◽  
European North ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Floristic Classification ◽  
Made In

The results of floristic classification of technogenic vegetation (alliance Chamerio angustifolii–Matricarion hookeri A. Ishbirdin et al. 1996, order Chamerio–Betuletalia nanae Khusainov et al. in Sumina 2012, class Matricario–Poetea arcticae A. Ishbirdin in Sumina 2012) conducted by the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Mirkin, Naumova, 1998) are given. 98 geobotanical relevés, made in 1981–2013 on areas of oil fields and suburbs of the Usinsk city (Komi Republic) (56–60о N, 67–66о E), were involved into analysis (Fig. 1). The ecological parameters like moisture (F) and mineral nitrogen soil enrichment (N) were assessed using the Ellenberg ecological scales (Ellenberg, 1974).

A multiproxy record of sedimentation, pedogenesis, and environmental history in the north of West Siberia during the late Pleistocene based on the Belaya Gora section

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sheinkman ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh ◽  
Elena Bezrukova ◽  
Dmitriy Dobrynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North ◽  
Mis 5

Abstract Recent revision of the Pleistocene glaciation boundaries in northern Eurasia has encouraged the search for nonglacial geological records of the environmental history of northern West Siberia. We studied an alluvial paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the high terrace of the Vakh River (middle Ob basin) to extract the indicators of environmental change since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Two levels of the buried paleosols are attributed to MIS 5 and MIS 3, as evidenced by U/Th and radiocarbon dates. Palynological and pedogenetic characteristics of the lower pedocomplex recorded the climate fluctuations during MIS 5, from the Picea-Larix taiga environment during MIS 5e to the establishment of the tundra-steppe environment due to the cooling of MIS 5d or MIS 5b and partial recovery of boreal forests with Picea and Pinus in MIS 5c or MIS 5a. The upper paleosol level shows signs of cryogenic hydromorphic pedogenesis corresponding to the tundra landscape, with permafrost during MIS 3. Boulders incorporated in a laminated alluvial deposit between the paleosols are dropstones brought from the Enisei valley by ice rafting during the cold MIS 4. An abundance of eolian morphostructures on quartz grains from the sediments that overly the upper paleosol suggests a cold, dry, and windy environment during the MIS 2 cryochron.

Historical Land-Cover Change Impacts on Climate: Comparative Assessment of LUCID and CMIP5 Multimodel Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Lejeune ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne ◽  
Edouard L. Davin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract During the industrial period, many regions experienced a reduction in forest cover and an expansion of agricultural areas, in particular North America, northern Eurasia, and South Asia. Here, results from the Land-Use and Climate, Identification of Robust Impacts (LUCID) and CMIP5 model intercomparison projects are compared in order to investigate how land-cover changes (LCC) in these regions have locally impacted the biophysical land surface properties, like albedo and evapotranspiration, and how this has affected seasonal mean temperature as well as its diurnal cycle. The impact of LCC is extracted from climate simulations, including all historical forcings, using a method that is shown to capture well the sign and the seasonal cycle of the impacts diagnosed from single-forcing experiments in most cases. The model comparison reveals that both the LUCID and CMIP5 models agree on the albedo-induced reduction of mean winter temperatures over midlatitudes. In contrast, there is less agreement concerning the response of the latent heat flux and, subsequently, mean temperature during summer, when evaporative cooling plays a more important role. Overall, a majority of models exhibit a local warming effect of LCC during this season, contrasting with results from the LUCID studies. A striking result is that none of the analyzed models reproduce well the changes in the diurnal cycle identified in present-day observations of the effect of deforestation. However, overall the CMIP5 models better simulate the observed summer daytime warming effect compared to the LUCID models, as well as the winter nighttime cooling effect.

Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska's Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill F. Johnstone ◽  
F. Stuart Chapin ◽  
Teresa N. Hollingsworth ◽  
Michelle C. Mack ◽  
Vladimir Romanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Soil Organic Layer

In the boreal forests of interior Alaska, feedbacks that link forest soils, fire characteristics, and plant traits have supported stable cycles of forest succession for the past 6000 years. This high resilience of forest stands to fire disturbance is supported by two interrelated feedback cycles: (i) interactions among disturbance regime and plant–soil–microbial feedbacks that regulate soil organic layer thickness and the cycling of energy and materials, and (ii) interactions among soil conditions, plant regeneration traits, and plant effects on the environment that maintain stable cycles of forest community composition. Unusual fire events can disrupt these cycles and trigger a regime shift of forest stands from one stability domain to another (e.g., from conifer to deciduous forest dominance). This may lead to abrupt shifts in forest cover in response to changing climate and fire regime, particularly at sites with intermediate levels of moisture availability where stand-scale feedback cycles are only weakly constrained by environmental conditions. However, the loss of resilience in individual stands may foster resilience at the landscape scale, if changes in the landscape configuration of forest cover types feedback to stabilize regional patterns of fire behavior and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Classification of boreal larch forests of the continental sector of Northern Eurasia (Conspectus of Syntaxa)

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
N. B. Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Larch Species ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Species Combination ◽  
Continental Part

The analysis of modern state of boreal larch forests in their main part of range placed in continental bioclimatic sector of Northern Eurasia (Siberia and continental part of Russian Far East) was performed. Conspectus of larch forests syntaxa was developed and it includes one class - Vaccinio myrtilli-Piceetea abietis Br.-Bl. in Braun-Blanquet et al. 1939, one subclass - Laricenea cajanderi-sibiricae subclass nova hoc loco, two orders - Ledo-Laricetalia cajanderi Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004, Lathyro humilis-Laricetalia cajanderi Ermakov, Cherosov et Gogoleva 2002, six alliances - Ledo palustris-Laricion cajanderi Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004, Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004 (syn. Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae Guinochet ex Dostalek et al. 1988 nom. nud., art. 2b, art. 8, Barkman et al., 1976, art. 2b, art. 8, Weber et al., 2000), Cladonio stellaris-Laricion gmelinii Anenkhonov et Chytry 1998, Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova in Morozova et al. 2008, Aulacomnio acuminati-Laricion cajanderi Ermakov Cherosov et Gogoleva 2002, Rhododendro daurici-Laricion gmelinii Ermakov in Krestov et al. 2009 and 30 associations. Diagnostic features of all syntaxa and their main ecological characteristics were represented. The problems of larch forests classification and syntaxa nomenclature were discussed. All diversity of boreal light-coniferous deciduous (larch) forests of continental bioclimatic sector of Northern Eurasia of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea was included in new subclass Laricenea cajanderi-sibiricae subclass nova hoc loco. Diagnostic species combination of the subclass includes predominating larch species ( Larix cajanderi, L. sibirica, L. gmelinii, L. decidua, L. olgensis ) and diagnostic species of the subordinated orders Ledo-Laricetalia cajanderi and Lathyro humilis-Laricetalia cajanderi .

scholarly journals ­ Predicting Pinus monophylla forest cover in the Baja California desert by remote sensing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G Escobar-Flores ◽  
Carlos A Lopez-Sanchez ◽  
Sarahi Sandoval ◽  
Marco A Marquez-Linares ◽  
Christian Wehenkel
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Sentinel 2

Background. The Californian single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla var. californiarum), a subspecies of the single-leaf pinyon (the world's only 1-needled pine), inhabits semi-arid zones of the Mojave Desert (southern Nevada and southeastern California, US) and also of northern Baja California (Mexico). This subspecies is distributed as a relict in the geographically isolated arid Sierra La Asamblea at elevations of between 1,010 and 1,631 m, with mean annual precipitation levels of between 184 and 288 mm. The aim of this research was i) to estimate the distribution of P. monophylla var. californiarum in Sierra La Asamblea, Baja California (Mexico) by using Sentinel-2 images, and ii) to test and describe the relationship between the distribution of P. monophylla and five topographic and 18 climate variables. We hypothesized that i) Sentinel-2 images can be used to predict the P. monophylla distribution in the study site due to higher resolution (x3) and increased number of bands (x2) relative to Landsat-8 , and ii) the topographical variables aspect, ruggedness and slope are particularly important because they represent important microhabitat factors that can determine where conifers can become established and persist. Methods. An atmospherically corrected a 12-bit Sentinel-2A MSI image with ten spectral bands in the visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared light region was used in combination with the normalized differential vegetation index. Supervised classification of this image was carried out using a backpropagation-type artificial neural network algorithm. Stepwise multivariate binominal logistical regression and Random Forest classification including cross valuation (10-fold) were used to model the associations between presence/absence of P. monophylla and the five topographical and 18 climate variables. Results. We estimated, using supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite images, that P. monophylla covers 6,653 ± 319 ha in the isolated Sierra La Asamblea. The NDVI was one of the variables that contributed to the prediction and clearly separated the forest cover (NDVI > 0.35) from the other vegetation cover (NDVI < 0.20). The ruggedness was the most influential environmental predictor variable and indicated that the probability of P. monophylla occurrence was higher than 50% when the degree of ruggedness was greater than 17.5 m. When average temperature in the warmest month increased from 23.5 to 25.2 °C, the probability of occurrence of P. monophylla decreased. Discussion. The classification accuracy was similar to that reported in other studies using Sentinel-2A MSI images. Ruggedness is known to generate microclimates and provides shade that decreases evapotranspiration from pines in desert environments. Identification of P. monophylla in the Sierra La Asamblea as the most southern populations represents an opportunity for research on climatic tolerance and community responses to climate variability and change.

scholarly journals ­ Predicting Pinus monophylla forest cover in the Baja California desert by remote sensing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G Escobar-Flores ◽  
Carlos A Lopez-Sanchez ◽  
Sarahi Sandoval ◽  
Marco A Marquez-Linares ◽  
Christian Wehenkel
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Sentinel 2

Background. The Californian single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla var. californiarum), a subspecies of the single-leaf pinyon (the world's only 1-needled pine), inhabits semi-arid zones of the Mojave Desert (southern Nevada and southeastern California, US) and also of northern Baja California (Mexico). This subspecies is distributed as a relict in the geographically isolated arid Sierra La Asamblea at elevations of between 1,010 and 1,631 m, with mean annual precipitation levels of between 184 and 288 mm. The aim of this research was i) to estimate the distribution of P. monophylla var. californiarum in Sierra La Asamblea, Baja California (Mexico) by using Sentinel-2 images, and ii) to test and describe the relationship between the distribution of P. monophylla and five topographic and 18 climate variables. We hypothesized that i) Sentinel-2 images can be used to predict the P. monophylla distribution in the study site due to higher resolution (x3) and increased number of bands (x2) relative to Landsat-8 , and ii) the topographical variables aspect, ruggedness and slope are particularly important because they represent important microhabitat factors that can determine where conifers can become established and persist. Methods. An atmospherically corrected a 12-bit Sentinel-2A MSI image with ten spectral bands in the visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared light region was used in combination with the normalized differential vegetation index. Supervised classification of this image was carried out using a backpropagation-type artificial neural network algorithm. Stepwise multivariate binominal logistical regression and Random Forest classification including cross valuation (10-fold) were used to model the associations between presence/absence of P. monophylla and the five topographical and 18 climate variables. Results. We estimated, using supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite images, that P. monophylla covers 6,653 ± 46 ha in the isolated Sierra La Asamblea. The NDVI was one of the variables that contributed to the prediction and clearly separated the forest cover (NDVI > 0.35) from the other vegetation cover (NDVI < 0.20). The ruggedness was the most influential environmental predictor variable and indicated that the probability of P. monophylla occurrence was higher than 50% when the degree of ruggedness was greater than 17.5 m. When average temperature in the warmest month increased from 23.5 to 25.2 °C, the probability of occurrence of P. monophylla decreased. Discussion. The classification accuracy was similar to that reported in other studies using Sentinel-2A MSI images. Ruggedness is known to generate microclimates and provides shade that decreases evapotranspiration from pines in desert environments. Identification of P. monophylla in the Sierra La Asamblea as the most southern populations represents an opportunity for research on climatic tolerance and community responses to climate variability and change.

scholarly journals Applicability of international indicators of land degradation neutrality estimation for Russian boreal forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
A. V. Ptichnikov ◽  
D. V. Karelin ◽  
V. M. Kotlyakov ◽  
Y. A. Pautov ◽  
A. Y. Borovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Different Types

In this paper, we analyze applicability of Land degradation neutrality (LDN) concept of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification for Russian boreal forests. In this regard, it is necessary to adapt the three global LDN indicators (land cover, land productivity, and carbon stocks) to the assessment of land degradation processes of boreal forests in Russia and around the world. The proposed study concludes that landscapes with different types of forest restoration dynamics can be viewed as the object in forest land dynamic studies. The proposed research also suggests the set of LDN indicators adapted for boreal forests conditions. In order to assess LDN proxies we calculated the retrospective and projected net carbon balance in the middle taiga zone of Noshulskoye forest domain (Komi Republic, Russia) using the CBM CFS model. Here we explored 3 scenarios of forest net carbon balance under the three different felling regimes. It was shown that the net carbon balance cannot be applied as an independent LDN indicator, since it does not take into account changes in species diversity and primary productivity. We also suggest that industrial felling should imitate natural types of restoration dynamics in order to achieve LDN targets. It can be reached through minimization of forest felling at sites with fireless types of succession, which accumulate maximum stocks of dead phytomass matter and serve as forest refuges supporting biodiversity.

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