scholarly journals Production of poultry feather hydrolysate using HCl and NaOH as a growth medium substrate for indigenous strains

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
N A Fitriyanto ◽  
Y Ramadhanti ◽  
Rismiyati ◽  
I Rusyadi ◽  
A Pertiwiningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
N Source ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Poultry Feathers ◽  
Poultry Feather ◽  
Substrate Medium ◽  
Very High

Abstract The poultry feathers have a very high protein content due to it consists of 90% of crude protein, and it is an ideal material to obtain keratin protein. Due to Keratin’s difficulties and time-consuming decomposition, further processing is needed to degrade Keratin into simpler proteins that can be used as an alternative N-source. This study was aimed to evaluate the keratin hydrolysate from poultry feathers prepared by acidic (HCl) and alkaline (NaOH) compound utilization and its potency as the substrate medium for growth keratinolytic bacteria at a laboratory scale. Poultry feathers, including kampung (local breed) chicken feathers, layer chicken feathers, and local goose treat with HCL 12% and NaOH 20%. The results of the hydrolysate of poultry feathers using 12% HCl showed no significant changes. Visually, the feathers of birds that have been treated with 12% HCl show a colour change to brownish-yellow. The results of hydrolysis using NaOH showed better results than HCl for producing feather meals. The highest yield has occurred at local goose feathers at 95.7%, followed by Kampung and Layer chicken feathers at 93.17% and 78,75%. Based on the viability test, three indigenous strains (Bacillus cereus TD5B, B. cereus LS2B and Pseudomonas sp. PK4) grew in a medium with a substrate of kampung chicken feathers, layer chickens, and local goose feathers. It can be concluded that the hydrolysed poultry feathers made by NaOH 20% preparation had a potency as N-source in the bacterial growth medium.

scholarly journals Influence of Substrate Concentration on the Culturability of Heterotrophic Soil Microbes Isolated by High-Throughput Dilution-to-Extinction Cultivation

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Bartelme ◽  
Joy M. Custer ◽  
Christopher L. Dupont ◽  
Josh L. Espinoza ◽  
Manolito Torralba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Substrate Medium

ABSTRACT The vast majority of microbes inhabiting oligotrophic shallow subsurface soil environments have not been isolated or studied under controlled laboratory conditions. In part, the challenges associated with isolating shallow subsurface microbes may persist because microbes in deeper soils are adapted to low nutrient availability or quality. Here, we use high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing to isolate shallow subsurface microbes from a conifer forest in Arizona, USA. We hypothesized that the concentration of heterotrophic substrates in microbiological growth medium would affect which microbial taxa were culturable from these soils. To test this, we diluted cells extracted from soil into one of two custom-designed defined growth media that differed by 100-fold in the concentration of amino acids and organic carbon. Across the two media, we isolated a total of 133 pure cultures, all of which were classified as Actinobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria. The substrate availability dictated which actinobacterial phylotypes were culturable but had no significant effect on the culturability of Alphaproteobacteria. We isolated cultures that were representative of the most abundant phylotype in the soil microbial community (Bradyrhizobium spp.) and representatives of five of the top 10 most abundant Actinobacteria phylotypes, including Nocardioides spp., Mycobacterium spp., and several other phylogenetically divergent lineages. Flow cytometry of nucleic acid-stained cells showed that cultures isolated on low-substrate medium had significantly lower nucleic acid fluorescence than those isolated on high-substrate medium. These results show that dilution-to-extinction is an effective method to isolate abundant soil microbes and that the concentration of substrates in culture medium influences the culturability of specific microbial lineages. IMPORTANCE Isolating environmental microbes and studying their physiology under controlled conditions are essential aspects of understanding their ecology. Subsurface ecosystems are typically nutrient-poor environments that harbor diverse microbial communities—the majority of which are thus far uncultured. In this study, we use modified high-throughput cultivation methods to isolate subsurface soil microbes. We show that a component of whether a microbe is culturable from subsurface soils is the concentration of growth substrates in the culture medium. Our results offer new insight into technical approaches and growth medium design that can be used to access the uncultured diversity of soil microbes.

Denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene byPseudomonas savastanoi

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Martin ◽  
S. D. Comfort ◽  
P. J. Shea ◽  
R. A. Drijber ◽  
T. A. Kokjohn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
N Source ◽  
Ordnance Plant

Past disposal of wastewaters containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant has resulted in numerous acres of TNT-contaminated soil. Examining the microbial population of these soils revealed several TNT-tolerant Pseudomonas spp. We selected one species, P. savastanoi, to determine its ability to transform TNT. Pure culture experiments were performed in pseudomonas minimal medium containing 0.31 mM TNT (70 mg TNT∙L−1) under varied nutrient and cell density regimes. Experiments with TNT as a sole C or N source showed that P. savastanoi has the ability to denitrate TNT, as evidenced by production of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and NO2−with time. TNT denitration and formation of 2,4-DNT were enhanced by removing NH4+and adding NO2−to the growth medium. In all experiments, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) appeared as incidental reduction products. Glucose addition to the medium enhanced 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT production and decreased denitration of TNT. Mid-log phase cells rapidly transformed [ring-14C(U)]TNT but were unable to mineralize significant quantities of TNT, as evidenced by conversion of less than 1% of the label to14CO2. These results indicate that P. savastanoi is a TNT-tolerant pseudomonad that can promote TNT degradation through reductive denitration and nitro moiety reduction.Key words: TNT, biodegradation, transformation, reduction, nitrite.

scholarly journals Geranium and Marigold Response to Fish Waste Compost as a Container Growth Medium and Nitrogen Source

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 485C-485
Author(s):  
Rita L. Hummel ◽  
Shiou Kuo ◽  
Diane Winters ◽  
Eric Jellum
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
N Source ◽  
Growing Medium

A fish waste/hemlock-fi r sawdust compost (FWC) was evaluated as a container growth medium and N source for the greenhouse production of marigold (Tagetes patula `Queen Sophia') and geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum `Sprinter Scarlet') in 10-cm containers. Treatments were a factorial set of three Douglasfir bark (B)/three FWC mixtures (100% FWC; 50% FWC/50% B; 100% B) and three rates of N fertilizer (0, 300 and 600 ppm N) applied every 2 weeks. After the initial irrigation, plants were drip-irrigated to negate leaching from the containers. Weekly measurements of leachate conductivity, pH, and inorganic N were made on additional replications of the 0-ppm N plants in all growing media. Plant height and width were measured at 2-week intervals and, at the end of the production cycle, flower number, shoot fresh and dry weight, visual quality, and root dry weight were measured. The growing medium by N interaction was significant for all variables. Results indicated that plants receiving 0 ppm N in 100% FWC were larger and of higher quality than plants in 100% B receiving 600 ppm N. In 100% FWC, marigold shoot growth, dry weight, and quality were not influenced by N rate. The observed geranium and marigold growth response indicated that FWC was an effective N source and growing medium when leaching was minimized with drip irrigation.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristic of Keratin Fibres from Poultry Feathers and their Suitability to Conversion into Thermoset Biobased Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4(136)) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Krystyna Wrześniewska-Tosik ◽  
Ewa Wesołowska ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska ◽  
Sarah Montes ◽  
Tomasz Mik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Poultry Feathers ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
Poultry Feather ◽  
Original Concept ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Keratin Fibres

The possibility of using animal wastes in the form of feathers for the production of various types of composites is an extremely original concept, opening to researchers a wide field for experiments and interdisciplinary scientific research. This article presents the results of studies on the thermal stability of keratin from feathers originating from various poultry slaughterhouses, as well as an example of the use of feathers for the production of thermosetting composites. The keratin protein contained in feathers, like any protein, is very sensitive to various external factors, e.g. high temperature. The scientific goal of the research presented in the article was a deep analysis of changes occurring in the structure of keratin protein in feathers during heating. The technological goal was to develop new thermosetting composites based on spun-bonded nonwovens with the addition of keratin fibres from poultry feather wastes.

scholarly journals The influence of substrate concentration on the culturability of heterotrophic soil microbes isolated by high-throughput dilution-to-extinction cultivation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Bartelme ◽  
Joy M. Custer ◽  
Christopher L. Dupont ◽  
Josh L. Espinoza ◽  
Manolito Torralba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Substrate Medium

AbstractThe vast majority of microbes inhabiting oligotrophic shallow subsurface soil environments have not been isolated or studied under controlled laboratory conditions. In part, the challenges associated with isolating shallow subsurface microbes may persist because microbes in deeper soils are adapted to low nutrient availability or quality. Here we use high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing to isolate shallow subsurface microbes from a conifer forest in Arizona, USA. We hypothesized that the concentration of heterotrophic substrates in microbiological growth medium would affect which microbial taxa were culturable from these soils. To test this, we diluted extracted cells into one of two custom-designed defined growth media that differed only by a 100-fold difference in the concentration of amino acids and organic carbon. Across both media, we isolated a total of 133 pure cultures, all of which were classified as Actinobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria. The substrate availability dictated which actinobacterial phylotypes were culturable but had no significant effect on the culturability of Alphaproteobacteria. We isolated cultures that were representative of the most abundant phylotype in the soil microbial community (Bradyrhizobium spp.) and representatives of five of the top 10 most abundant Actinobacteria phylotypes, including Nocardioides spp., Mycobacterium spp., and several other phylogenetically-divergent lineages. Flow cytometry of nucleic acid-stained cells showed that cultures isolated on low-substrate medium had significantly lower nucleic-acid fluorescence than those isolated on high-substrate medium. These results show that dilution-to-extinction is an effective method to isolate abundant soil microbes and the concentration of substrates in culture medium influences the culturability of specific microbial lineages.ImportanceIsolating environmental microbes and studying their physiology under controlled conditions is an essential aspect of understanding their ecology. Subsurface ecosystems are typically nutrient-poor environments that harbor diverse microbial communities—the majority of which are thus far uncultured. In this study, we use modified high-throughput cultivation methods to isolate subsurface soil microbes. We show that a component of whether a microbe is culturable from subsurface soils is the concentration of growth substrates in the culture medium. Our results offer new insight into technical approaches and growth medium design that can be used to access the uncultured diversity of soil microbes.

Guessing stone behaviour before extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Dias ◽  
Roberto Silva ◽  
Luís Lopes ◽  
António Candeias ◽  
José Mirão
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

<p>Natural Stone has always been one of the most widely used and appreciated materials in the construction of important structures, buildings and works of art. It is extremely important that the stone purchased by the consumer meets the expectations for which it was chosen, being colour one of the main aspects. Currently, there are companies with very high costs in the replacement of altered stone.</p><p>This work arises from the companies’ need to seek the extraction of stone blocks that ensure a lower susceptibility to colour change after application. To do so, a geochemical/mineralogical study was applied in a quarry located in the northern region of Lisbon, where one of the most important Portuguese lithotypes is currently explored. Featured by its excellent physico-chemical characteristics, this lithotype is further characterised by the coexistence of a blue and cream colour. The work aimed to study the presence of a mineral, pyrite, responsible for the natural discolouration of this construction resource.</p><p>The results obtained show a greater predominance of pyrite in the darker fractions of the rock, which increases while the exploration level is deeper.</p>

scholarly journals Epidemic behavior of the etiological agent of infectious coryza in layer chicken of Bangladesh with isolation, identification and pathogenicity study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Md Shahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir ◽  
Md Abu Sayed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Very High

The present study was selected as infectious coryza is one of the major problems affecting poultry industry in the developing country like Bangladesh and the reports regarding infectious coryza are yet not be documented considering epidemiological investigation, proper isolation, identification and pathogenicity study. The epidemic behavior of the etiological agent of this disease were studied based on age, sex, breed, spatial and temporal differences after collection of samples suspected to be infected with infectious coryza in layer chicken of Bangladesh. The incidence rate of infectious coryza from field cases were recorded as per information received from farmers by using a structured questionnaire and also clinical signs and symptoms. The disease was very high in laying hen (18.38%) in Sylhet and growing birds (7.25%) in Khulna in comparing with prelaying stage (2.07%) also in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. In this study no significant differences was observed as their location variation except Sylhet (9.2%) in comparison with other areas (Rangpur – 8.76%, Rajshahi -8.82%, Khulna - 8.83%, Dhaka – 8.72 and Chittagong - 8.65% respectively) of Bangladesh but significant differences was observed as their age group. However, the incidence rate of this disease was found to be very high during winter (8.77%) in compare with summer (0.42%) season. Moreover, during investigation a total of 122 samples were collected from different areas of Bangladesh for the period of March 2011 to February 2014. The higher rate of incidence of A. paragallinarum was found in Sylhet (66.66%) and lowest in Dhaka (43.75%). The association of A. paragallinarum with different seasons revealed that higher incidence rate was found in winter season (52.26%) in comparison with summer season (1.85%). The suspected positive isolates were subjected to experimental pathogenicity study in natural host for there – isolation of A. paragallinarum was done as per Kotch postulates.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 82-94

Development of Bio-Composites Based of Polymer Matrix and Keratin Fibers: Contribution to Poultry Biomass Recycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salhi ◽  
Salah Kaci ◽  
Abderrahim Boudenne
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Poultry Feathers ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Poultry Feather ◽  
Composite Samples

Processing of the poultry feather biomass into useful products presents interesting opportunities of recycling agricultural waste material. According to a chemical process developed in our laboratory, poultry feathers were converted into wool, fibers or powder so as to meet several applications in many fields. Due to of their unique structure and to their physical properties, a suitable molding technique was performed in order to produce composite samples highly filled. The concentration range was varied from 10 to 50% by weight with an increase of 10, because of practical reasons. The morphological, thermophysical and mechanical investigations of polyester matrix filled with several concentrations of the keratin fibers show interesting results.

scholarly journals The effect of cattle slurry in combination with nitrate and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on in situ nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 9169-9199 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. McGeough ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
C. J. Watson ◽  
C. Müller ◽  
M. Ernfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
N Source ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Very High

Abstract. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on N2O and N2 emissions after cattle slurry (CS) application in the presence of nitrate fertiliser on seven different occasions (between March 2009 and March 2011). N2O emissions from CS in the presence of NO3 fertiliser were very high (0.4–8.7% of applied N) over a 20 day period, under mild moist conditions. Emissions were significantly larger from the CS treatment compared to an NH4+-N source, supplying the same rate of N as in the slurry. This study supports the view that organic fertilisers should not be applied at the same time as nitrate based fertilisers, as significant increases in N2O emissions occur. The average N2O mole fraction (N2O/(N2O = N2)) over all seven application dates was 0.34 for CSNO3 compared to 0.24 for the NH4ClNO3 treatment, indicating the dominance of N2 emissions. The rate of nitrification in CSNO3 was slower than in NH4ClNO3 and DCD was found to be an effective nitrification inhibitor in both treatments. However, as N2O emissions were found to be predominantly associated with the NO3 pool, the effect of DCD in lowering N2O emissions is limited in the presence of a NO3 fertiliser. To obtain the maximum cost-benefit of DCD in lowering N2O emissions, under mild moist conditions, its application should be restricted to ammonium based organic or synthetic fertilisers.

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