Improving The Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells by Using the Distilled Water Immersion Method

Abstract Photovoltaic panels can convert solar irradiance into (electrical and thermal) energy. The (PV / T) system was developed, created, and its performance tested in this experimental analysis. The main objective of this study was to design, manufacture and evaluate the work of the PV/T system as a thermal collector to enhance heat transfer, by using distilled water as a working fluid used to cool (PV/T) system. The experiment was performed with flow rate of water from (1 L / min to 5 L / min) on the PV / T collector channel. A theoretical and practical study was conducted on the effect of cooling the panels by immersing (PV) from (upper and lower) in a distilled water parallel flow forced circulation. Numerical result obtained by using Comsol Multiphysics program have been used as a computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The numerical study was conducted to determine the optimal depth of immersion of the panel to experiment with it, simulation results showed that the optimum depth of immersion is (5mm). The experimental results were conducted at the Technical Engineering College of Najaf with indoor test conditions that were controlled, Tin=20 °C, h=5mm. The results have been shown that the electrical efficiency of traditional photovolatic panel without cooling varied between (10.5-11.6) %, while the electrical efficiency of PV/T system varied between (14.6-14.7) %.

Download Full-text

Performance Study of Flowing-Over PV/T System with Different Working Fluid

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 1173-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Li Qing Tang ◽

Qun Zhi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Experimental System ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Performance Study ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

Overall Efficiency ◽

T System

This paper studied the performance of a flowing-over PV/T system with water and Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid. The experimental system was built in the outdoors. The parameters of the experiment obtained for processing, analysis, accessing to the electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency. Experimental results show that the flowing-over PV/T system with Al2O3 nanofluid as working fluid has a higher overall efficiency than that with water.

Download Full-text

Numerical Study of Turbulent Air and Water Flows in a Nozzle Based on the Coanda Effect

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse7020021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Youssef El Halal ◽

Crístofer Marques ◽

Luiz Rocha ◽

Liércio Isoldi ◽

Rafael Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Flow ◽

High Speed ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Coanda Effect ◽

Water Flows ◽

Operational Principle ◽

Coandǎ Effect ◽

Marine Applications

In the present work it is performed a numerical study for simulation of turbulent air and water flows in a nozzle based on the Coanda effect named H.O.M.E.R. (High-Speed Orienting Momentum with Enhanced Reversibility). The main purposes of this work are the development of a numerical model for simulation of the main operational principle of the H.O.M.E.R. nozzle, verify the occurrence of the physical principle in a device using water as working fluid and generate theoretical recommendations about the influence of the difference of mass flow rate in two inlets and length of septum over the fluid dynamic behavior of water flow. The time-averaged conservation equations of mass and momentum are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and turbulence closure is tackled with the k-ε model. Results for air flow show a good agreement with previous predictions in the literature. Moreover, it is also noticed that this main operational principle is promising for future applications in maneuverability and propulsion systems in marine applications. Results obtained here also show that water jets present higher deflection angles when compared with air jets, enhancing the capability of impose forces to achieve better maneuverability. Moreover, results indicated that the imposition of different mass flow rates in both inlets of the device, as well as central septum insertion have a strong influence over deflection angle of turbulent jet flow and velocity fields, indicating that these parameters can be important for maneuverability in marine applications.

Download Full-text

The Experimental Study of New-Type Water-Cooling PV/T Collector

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.242 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 374-377 ◽

pp. 242-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ning Jun Li ◽

Zhen Hua Quan ◽

Yao Hua Zhao ◽

Na Na Guo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Hot Water ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Forced Circulation ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

Pv Modules ◽

T System

A new photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system based on the micro plate heat pipe is established in this paper, and the experimental study is conducted for nature convection, forced circulation cooling and common PV module. the experiment carried out on May showed that the highest temperature were 50°C and 52°C respectively for nature convection and forced circulation cooling module, the daily average electrical efficiency were relatively increased by 13.1% and 6.1% than common PV modules, the total efficiency ηo reached 54.2% and 50.3%, and the primary-energy saving rate were 73.1% and 68%.the result indicates that in the new PV/T system the temperature of the PV modules is reduced, the electrical efficiency is keeping at a high level, and the waste heat can be made good use to get hot water, therefore the solar energy utilization efficiency was raised greatly.

Download Full-text

An Investigation on the Effect of the Total Efficiency of Water and Air Used Together as a Working Fluid in the Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7080516 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mustafa Atmaca ◽

İmdat Zafer Pektemir

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Hot Water ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

Pv Panel ◽

T System

The temperature of a PV (photovoltaic) panel increases when it produces electricity but its electrical efficiency decreases when the temperature increases. In addition, the electrical efficiency of the PV panel is very limited. To increase the PV efficiency, the rest of the solar irradiance must be used, together with the temperature being kept at an optimum value. With this purpose, an experimental study was conducted. Firstly, two specific photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems were designed. The first was the PV/T system which used only a water heat exchanger. The other one was the PV/T system that used a water and air heat exchanger. In the latter PV/T system, air passed through both the top of the PV panel and the bottom of it while water passed through only the bottom of the panel in a separate heat exchanger. In this way, the water and air absorbed the thermal energy of the panel by means of separate heat exchangers, simultaneously. In addition to the two systems mentioned above, an uncooled photovoltaic module was also designed in order to compare the systems. As a result, three different modules were designed. This study was conducted in a natural ambient environment and on days which had different climatic conditions. The thermal, electrical and overall efficiencies of each PV/T module were determined. The results were compared with the uncooled module electrical efficiency. The results showed that when water and air were used together, it was more efficient than single usage in a PV/T system. The thermal gain of the working fluids was also found to be fairly high and so, the gained energy could be used for different purposes. For example, hot air could be used in drying systems and air condition systems. Hot water could be used in hot water supply systems.

Download Full-text

GEOMETRIC EVALUATION OF FOUR STAGGERED CYLINDERS ARRAY SUBJECTED TO FORCED CONVECTIVE FLOWS BY MEANS OF CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN

Revista de Engenharia Térmica ◽

10.5380/reterm.v18i1.67050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

A. P. D. Aghenese ◽

F. B. Teixeira ◽

L. A. O. Rocha ◽

L. A. Isoldi ◽

J. F. Prolo Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Design Method ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Convective Flows ◽

Constructal Design ◽

Staggered Arrangement ◽

Forced Convective Flow ◽

Volume Method

This work presents a numerical study on the geometric evaluation of forced convective flows over four staggered arrangement of four cylinders. The forced convective flow is considered incompressible, two-dimensional, laminar and unsteady. Geometry varies according to Constructal Design method. The objectives are the maximization of Nusselt number (NuD) and minimization of drag coefficient (CD) between the cylinders and the surrounding flow. Simulations were performed considering Reynolds numbers of ReD = 10, 40 and 150 and air as working fluid, i.e., Prandtl number is assumed Pr = 0.71. The problem presents three degrees of freedom: ST/D (ratio between transversal pitch of the intermediate cylinders and the cylinders diameter), SL1/D (ratio between the frontal and intermediate cylinders longitudinal pitch and the cylinders diameter) and SL2/D (ratio between the intermediate and posterior cylinders longitudinal pitch and the cylinders diameter). However, SL1/D and SL2/D measures were kept fixed at 1.5 and ST/D varies in the range 1.5 ≤ ST/D ≤ 5.0. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Optimal results for fluid-dynamic study in all ReD cases occurred for the lowest values of ST/D, i.e., (ST/D)o,f = 1.5. For thermal analysis, NuD behavior was assessed, where optimal results for ReD = 10 and 40 occurred for the highest values of ST/D, whilst, for ReD = 150, the optimal value was achieved for the intermediate ratio of ST/D = 4.0.

Download Full-text

A Study on Improvement Capture Velocity for Increasing Inhalation Efficiency of Hood in Local Ventilation System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1039 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47-50 ◽

pp. 1039-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yool Kwon Oh ◽

Young Sun Kim ◽

Hee Sung Yoon

Keyword(s):

Flow Velocity ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Ventilation System ◽

New Device ◽

Numerical Result ◽

Local Ventilation ◽

Capture Velocity ◽

The One ◽

Guide Device

This study was numerically and experimentally investigated on improvement capture velocity for increasing inhalation efficiency of hood in local ventilation system. The inhalation efficiency of hood was studied to improve by increasing inhalation force of the hood that attached the new device named “Gas-Guide-Device (GGD)”. Also, harmful material that couldn’t inhale in hood was removed by increasing capture velocity at the edge of hood. For the numerical study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) was used to predict the improvement of flow velocity with attached GGD in hood. To verify the numerical result, the flow velocity was experimentally measured using a hot-wire type anemometer. As a result of the numerical and experimental study for improving the effect of the GGD on the inhalation efficiency of the hood, it was verified that the capture velocity around the hood inlet was relatively higher for the hood with the GGD than for the one without it.

Download Full-text

Numerical Modelling of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) System Using Nanofluid With Parallel Flow Thermal Absorber

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 945 (1) ◽

pp. 012013

Author(s):

J. Kubenthiran ◽

S. Baljit ◽

A. S. Tijani ◽

Z. A. K. Baharin ◽

M.F. Remeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Pure Water ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Parallel Flow ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Volume Percentage ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

T System

Abstract In the present study, a numerical model of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system using alumina (Al2O3) nanofluid, and pure water are used as working fluid. The proposed PV/T model consists of parallel riser tubes that are connected to two header tubes and it is attached to an absorber plate to simulate the conduction and convection heat transfer mechanism of a conventional PV/T system. The energy efficiency of the PV/T model is analyzed by varying the solar radiation (Heat Flux), inlet fluid velocity, and the volume percentage of the nanofluids. The numerical simulation is performed by using a conjugate heat transfer method with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. According to the simulation data, the energy efficiency and the heat transfer coefficient of the PV/T system increased by increasing the inlet fluid velocity. In comparison with water, alumina nanofluid showed better thermal and electrical efficiency due to its high thermal conductivity. The thermal efficiency increased by 5.55% for alumina, compared to pure water and the electrical efficiency increased by 0.15% for alumina. Moreover, the effect of inlet fluid velocity ranging from 0.04m/s to 0.2m/s was also evaluated, and the results showed that the increase in thermal efficiency for pure water and alumina are 18.15% and 25.77%, respectively. Subsequently, the electrical efficiency increased by 0.52% and 0.56% for pure water and alumina using the new parallel flow thermal absorber, respectively.

Download Full-text