scholarly journals Photovoltaic Module Electrical Efficiency Enhancement Using Nano Fluids and Nano-Paraffin

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
“Miqdam T Chaichan ◽  
Muhaned A H Zaidi ◽  
Hussein A. Kazem ◽  
K. Sopian
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

Abstract Today, photovoltaic modules have become accepted by the public and scientists in the production of clean electricity and as a possible alternative to electricity produced from fossil fuels. These modules suffer from a deterioration in their electrical efficiency as a result of their high temperature. Several researchers have proposed the use of high-efficiency hybrid photovoltaic (PV/T) systems that can cool PV modules and also produce hot water. Improving the PV modules’ electrical efficiency increases the investment attraction and commercialization of this technology. The possibility of restoring the electrical efficiency of the photovoltaic panel that was lost due to its high temperature was investigated in this study. A PV/T system designed to operate with a paraffin-filled thermal tank attached to the PV module was used. Inside the paraffin is a heat exchanger that circulates inside a nanofluid. This design is adopted to cool down the PV module temperature. The study was carried out in the climatic conditions of the month of May in the city of Baghdad - Iraq. The proposed PV/T system’s electrical efficiency was compared with similar systems from the literature. The proposed system has achieved an obvious enhancement as its electrical efficiency was 13.7%.

Influence of Phase Change Material Application on Photovoltaic Panel Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atthakorn Thongtha ◽  
Hoy Yen Chan ◽  
Paisit Luangjok
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Change Material

This study investigated the application of phase change material and fins into photovoltaic panel. The experimental design was divided into 2 cases: conventional photovoltaic and photovoltaic with phase change material and fins. The thermal performance and electrical efficiency was tested under the solar radiation simulator between 500 and 1000 W/m2. The insolation intensity was tested by an incident-light photometer. The power of the nine halogen lamps was controlled by a simple voltage control device. It was found that temperature of normal PV module is constant after the tested time of 20 minutes. The temperatures of PV module with phase change material and fins were lower than a normal PV module throughout the testing duration. Approximately 2-6% of photovoltaic module temperatures have decreased and this have improved the electrical efficiency of about 1-4%. This indicated the use of phase change material and fins is able to decrease the photovoltaic module temperature and thus increase the efficiency of photovoltaic module cooling.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Effect of the Total Efficiency of Water and Air Used Together as a Working Fluid in the Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atmaca ◽  
İmdat Zafer Pektemir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
T System

The temperature of a PV (photovoltaic) panel increases when it produces electricity but its electrical efficiency decreases when the temperature increases. In addition, the electrical efficiency of the PV panel is very limited. To increase the PV efficiency, the rest of the solar irradiance must be used, together with the temperature being kept at an optimum value. With this purpose, an experimental study was conducted. Firstly, two specific photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems were designed. The first was the PV/T system which used only a water heat exchanger. The other one was the PV/T system that used a water and air heat exchanger. In the latter PV/T system, air passed through both the top of the PV panel and the bottom of it while water passed through only the bottom of the panel in a separate heat exchanger. In this way, the water and air absorbed the thermal energy of the panel by means of separate heat exchangers, simultaneously. In addition to the two systems mentioned above, an uncooled photovoltaic module was also designed in order to compare the systems. As a result, three different modules were designed. This study was conducted in a natural ambient environment and on days which had different climatic conditions. The thermal, electrical and overall efficiencies of each PV/T module were determined. The results were compared with the uncooled module electrical efficiency. The results showed that when water and air were used together, it was more efficient than single usage in a PV/T system. The thermal gain of the working fluids was also found to be fairly high and so, the gained energy could be used for different purposes. For example, hot air could be used in drying systems and air condition systems. Hot water could be used in hot water supply systems.

scholarly journals Proposed Models to Improve Predicting the Operating Temperature of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies under Various Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7064
Author(s):  
Dang Phuc Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Kristiaan Neyts ◽  
Johan Lauwaert
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Silicon Thin Film ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

The operating temperature is an essential parameter determining the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module. Moreover, the estimation of the temperature in the absence of measurements is very complex, especially for outdoor conditions. Fortunately, several models with and without wind speed have been proposed to predict the outdoor operating temperature of a PV module. However, a problem for these models is that their accuracy decreases when the sampling interval is smaller due to the thermal inertia of the PV modules. In this paper, two models, one with wind speed and the other without wind speed, are proposed to improve the precision of estimating the operating temperature of outdoor PV modules. The innovative aspect of this study is two novel thermal models that consider the variation of solar irradiation over time and the thermal inertia of the PV module. The calculation is applied to different types of PV modules, including crystalline silicon, thin film as well as tandem technology at different locations. The models are compared to models that are described in the literature. The results obtained in different time steps show that our proposed models achieve better performance and can be applied to different PV technologies.

Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaluddin . ◽  
Baharuddin Mire
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module. 

scholarly journals Design of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System in Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Elie Karam ◽  
Patrick Moukarzel ◽  
Maya Chamoun ◽  
Charbel Habchi ◽  
Charbel Bou-Mosleh
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Temperature Loss ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Due to global warming and the high toxic gas emissions of traditional power generation methods, renewable energy has become a very active topic in many applications. This study focuses on one versatile type of solar energy: Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System (hybrid PV/T). Hybrid PV/T combines both PV and thermal application and by doing this the efficiency of the system will increase by taking advantage of the temperature loss from PV module. The solar radiation and heat will be harnessed to deliver electricity and hot water simultaneously. In the present study a solar system is designed to recycle the heat and improve the temperature loss from PV module in order to supply both electricity and domestic hot water. The project was tested twice in Zouk Mosbeh - Lebanon; on May 18, 2016, and June 7, 2016. The average electrical efficiency was around 11.5% with an average electrical power output of 174.22 W, while with cooling, the average electrical efficiency reaches 11% with a power output of 200 W. The temperature increases by about 7 degrees Celsius from the inlet. The 1D conduction model is also performed in order to design the hybrid PV/T system.

Effect of Unglazed Transpired Collector on the Performance of a Polycrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Naveed ◽  
E. C. Kang ◽  
E. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Electrical Output

The electrical power generated by a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) module mounted on an unglazed transpired solar collector (UTC) has been studied and compared to that of a PV module without UTC for a quantitative analysis of electrical output and its role in reducing the simple payback periods of photovoltaic electrical systems. A 75W polycrystalline silicon PV module was fixed on an UTC in front of the ventilation fan, and effectiveness of cooling by means of the forced ventilation at the rate of 160CFM was monitored. The temperature reduction under forced ventilation was in the range of 3-9°C with a 5% recovery in the electrical output power on a typical day of the month of February 2005. The simulated and measured electrical power outputs are in reasonable agreement with root-mean-square error of 2.40. The life cycle assessment of a hypothetical PV system located at Daejeon, South Korea and consisting of 3kW PV modules fixed on a 50m2 UTC shows that with a possible reduction of 3-9°C in the operating temperatures, the system requires three 75W fewer PV modules. The simple payback period of PV system is reduced from 23yearsto15years when integrated into an UTC air heating system.

scholarly journals Modeling of Photovoltaic Module Using the MATLAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Alok Dhaundiyal ◽  
Divine Atsu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of the characteristics and electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules. Genetic coding is applied to obtain the optimized values of parameters within the constraint limit using the software MATLAB. A single diode model is proposed, considering the series and shunt resistances, to study the impact of solar irradiance and temperature on the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and predict the output of solar PV modules. The validation of the model under the standard test conditions (STC) and different values of temperature and insolation is performed, as well as an evaluation using experimentally obtained data from outdoor operating PV modules. The obtained results are also subjected to comply with the manufacturer’s data to ensure that the proposed model does not violate the prescribed tolerance range. The range of variation in current and voltage lies in the domain of 8.21 – 8.5 A and 22 – 23 V, respectively; while the predicted solutions for current and voltage vary from 8.28 – 8.68 A and 23.79 – 24.44 V, respectively. The measured experimental power of the PV module estimated to be 148 – 152 W is predicted from the mathematical model and the obtained values of simulated solution are in the domain of 149 – 157 W. The proposed scheme was found to be very effective at determining the influence of input factors on the modules, which is difficult to determine through experimental means.

scholarly journals Consumption and Emissions Analysis in Domestic Hot Water Hotels. Case Study: Canary Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Díaz Pérez ◽  
Ricardo Díaz Martín ◽  
Francisco Pérez Trujillo ◽  
Moises Díaz ◽  
Adib Mouhaffel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Heat

We analyze the energy consumption of domestic hot water (DHW) in the hotels of the archipelago of the Canary Islands (Spain). Currently, systems use fossil fuels of propane and gas oil. However, this paper analyzes several alternative systems which focus on renewable and mixed energies, such as biomass, solar thermal and heat pumps systems associated with an electric generation with photovoltaic solar panels for self-consumption. The carbon footprint generated is calculated for each method of generation of DHW. In our analysis, we demonstrate that by using a high-temperature heat pump with an average coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 4.4 associated with photovoltaic solar panels, a zero-emission domestic hot water system can be achieved, when the installation area of the photovoltaic solar panels is equal to that of the solar thermal system. The importance of DHW’s carbon footprint is proven, as is the efficiency of using high-temperature heat pumps associated with photovoltaic solar panels. As such, such mixed system suggests that the generation of DHW would have zero emissions with maximum annual savings according to hotel occupancy, between 112,417 and 137,644 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), compared to current boilers based on fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules of Different Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Gaur ◽  
G. N. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The One

The exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analysis of semitransparent and opaque photovoltaic (PV) modules based on different kinds of solar cells are presented. Annual electricity and net present values have also been computed for the composite climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. Irrespective of the solar cell type, the semitransparent PV modules have shown higher net energy loss rate (Len) and net exergy loss rate (Lex) compared to the opaque ones. Among all types of solar modules, the one based on c-Si, exhibited the minimum Len and Lex. Compared to the opaque ones, the semitransparent PV modules have shown higher CO2 reduction giving higher environmental cost reduction per annum and the highest environmental cost reduction per annum was found for a-Si PV module.

Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power-Generation System Equipped With a Cooling Device Utilizing Siphonage

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Furushima ◽  
Yutaka Nawata
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Pv Power Generation

Recently, the photovoltaic (PV) power generation system has attracted attention as one of clean energies. Especially, residential roofing PV system connected with power grids has been popularized as a result of increasing concerns over global warming and continuing decline in PV manufacturing costs. The power generated by the PV module increases with irradiance, but it decreases as PV module temperature becomes high. The PV temperature depends on ambient temperature, and becomes more than 60°C in summer. Therefore, the power generated does not necessarily increase even if the irradiance increases in summer. However, if the PV modules were cooled under such a high PV temperature condition, more electrical power would be obtained from PV modules. In this study, a PV power generating system equipped with a cooling device has been developed. The major components of the system are an array of PV modules and cooling panels attached to the backside of the PV modules. The respective PV module is cooled with cooling water flowing through a narrow gap in each cooling panel. Hot water discharged from the cooling panel is delivered to a storage tank and can be reused in anywhere. In order to save energy for introducing cooling water into the panel, a siphonage from an upper level of a building to the ground level is utilized. A siphon tube is connected to a discharge port of the cooling panel, thus the pressure at the discharge port becomes negative. Cooling water enters into the bottom end of the cooling panel at atmospheric pressure and goes up to the top, discharge side. By adopting this cooling water system, we could spread the cooling water evenly over the entire backside of the PV module and thus realized an effective cooling device. In addition, we could make the cooling device light and smaller because no auxiliary pumping system is needed for introducing cooling water. To provide field performance data for the present PV power generation system equipped with the special cooling device mentioned above, long-term monitoring tests in a natural environment were conducted in summer for a test facility constructed at the Yatsushiro National College of Technology (YNCT), Japan. As a result, it was confirmed that the cooling of the PV modules increases the electric power and that the reuse of hot water from the cooling panel contributes very much for saving energy consumed for heating water.

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