The Impact of Using Different Ratios of Latex Rubber on the Characteristics of Mortars Made with GGBS and Portland Cement

This paper presents the experimental database and corresponding statistical analysis (Part I), which serves as a basis to perform the corresponding parametric analysis and machine learning modelling (Part II) of a comprehensive study on organic soil strength and stiffness, stabilized via the wet soil mixing method. The experimental database includes unconfined compression tests performed under laboratory-controlled conditions to investigate the impact of soil type, the soil’s organic content, the soil’s initial natural water content, binder type, binder quantity, grout to soil ratio, water to binder ratio, curing time, temperature, curing relative humidity and carbon dioxide content on the stabilized organic specimens’ stiffness and strength. A descriptive statistical analysis complements the description of the experimental database, along with a qualitative study on the stabilization hydration process via scanning electron microscopy images. Results confirmed findings on the use of Portland cement alone and a mix of Portland cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag as suitable binders for soil stabilization. Findings on mixes including lime and magnesium oxide cements demonstrated minimal stabilization. Specimen size affected stiffness, but not the strength for mixes of peat and Portland cement. The experimental database, along with all produced data analyses, are available at the Texas Data Repository as indicated in the Data Availability Statement below, to allow for data reproducibility and promote the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning competing modelling techniques as the ones presented in Part II of this paper.

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Calorimetric determination of the effect of additives on cement hydration process

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-012-0256-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Pavel Šiler ◽

Josef Krátký ◽

Iva Kolářová ◽

Jaromír Havlica ◽

Jiří Brandštetr

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The Impact ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Calorimetric Determination

AbstractPossibilities of a multicell isoperibolic-semiadiabatic calorimeter application for the measurement of hydration heat and maximum temperature reached in mixtures of various compositions during their setting and early stages of hardening are presented. Measurements were aimed to determine the impact of selected components’ content on the course of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) hydration. The following components were selected for the determination of the hydration behaviour in mixtures: very finely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (microsilica, SF), finely ground quartz sand (FGQ), and calcined bauxite (CB). A commercial polycarboxylate type superplasticizer was also added to the selected mixtures. All maximum temperatures measured for selected mineral components were lower than that reached for cement. The maximum temperature increased with the decreasing amount of components in the mixture for all components except for silica fume. For all components, except for CB, the values of total released heat were higher than those for pure Portland cement samples.

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Influence of Aluminous Cement on the Hardening Rate of Cement-Based Stucco Mortars

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.57 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 865 ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wojciech Siemiński ◽

Marcin Kaczmarczyk

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Setting Time ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cellulose Ether ◽

Hydrophobic Properties ◽

Content Ratio ◽

Flow Table ◽

Aluminous Cement ◽

Hydrophobic Nature ◽

The Impact

Renovation mortars used to restore damaged stucco elements are materials with special physical properties due to the nature of the work and environment in which they are applied. They must be characterized by low shrinkage, relatively short setting time, appropriate working properties and hydrophobic nature of hardened mortar. This paper analyzes the impact of mortar stucco ingredients on these parameters. The analysis was performed by experimental studies. The effect of the content ratio of aluminate cement to Portland cement on the change in mortar setting time was studied. Suitable workability of fresh mortar is achieved by the use of consistence-modifying additives. To assess this parameter, flow table method was applied in accordance with PN-EN 1015-3: 2000. The additives used were a system of thickeners, which included: cellulose ether in the form of hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and modified starch ether (starch 2-hydroxypropyl ether). Hydrophobic properties were obtained by the addition of triethoxyoctylsilane. The results were presented as graphs and tables. It was found that the ratio of aluminous cement to Portland cement most beneficial in terms of the setting rate of the resulting stucco mortar is 25% (m/m). This amount accelerates the end of setting time to 2 hours, the beginning of the setting time being 20 minutes. Suitable working characteristics were obtained by the addition of 0.080% of hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and 0.025% (m/m in dry mix) of starch 2-hydroxypropyl ether. Best hydrophobic properties of the hardened mortar was obtained by the addition of 0.075% (m/m in dry mix) of triethoxyoctylsilane.

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Quality Control of Portland Cement Concrete Slabs with Wave Propagation Techniques

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198196154400111 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1544 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98

Author(s):

Soheil Nazarian ◽

Deren Yuan ◽

Mark R. Baker

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Wave Propagation ◽

Surface Wave ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Body Wave ◽

Field Testing ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Impact Echo ◽

The Impact

Coring is normally done to monitor the thickness and quality of portland cement concrete (PCC) slabs during construction. Because this procedure requires a considerable amount of time, it is done at widely spaced intervals. As a result, the most critical points, in terms of strength or thickness, are sometimes not tested. Their repeatability and extreme sensitivity to the properties of surface layer enable wave propagation techniques to be used for quality control. The main advantage of these techniques is that they are nondestructive. Fortunately, these techniques have been automated in the last few years. Two seismic devices (seismic pavement analyzer and a portable version of it called the Lunch Box) have been used extensively for quality control. With them, slabs can be tested at closely spaced points and at a fraction of the cost and time of coring. The main tests used are the impact echo for determining the thickness of the slab, the ultrasonic body wave for determining the modulus, and the ultrasonic surface wave (an offshoot of the spectral analysis of surface waves method) also for determining the modulus. On the basis of extensive field testing on many types of base and subgrade, the techniques in general—and the two devices in particular—are suitable for many quality-control projects. It was found that the most robust method for determining the modulus is the ultrasonic surface wave. The impact echo also works well, as long as enough contrast exists between the properties of the PCC and the underlying materials.

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Combined evaluation of oscillatory rheometry and isothermal calorimetry for the monitoring of hardening stage of Portland cement compositions blended with bauxite residue from Bayer process generated in different sites in Brazil

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952021000200011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Cesar de Oliveira Romano ◽

José Augusto Ferreira Sales de Mesquita ◽

Heitor Montefusco Bernardo ◽

Danilo Aguiar Niza ◽

Marcel Hark Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Isothermal Calorimetry ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Bayer Process ◽

Aluminum Production ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Oscillatory Rheometry ◽

Combined Evaluation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Bauxite residue (BR), a by-product of alumina and aluminum production, consists of high aluminum, silica, and iron content, and sodium from the bauxite ore digestion during the Bayer process. This waste is still being disposal into the lakes of mud, causing some environmental problems. So, the search for its application has gained interest. Studies reported in literature point out that one of the most promising applications is in association with Portland cement, which can also help to reduce the environmental impact caused by the CO2-emissions in its production. In this work, a combined evaluation of oscillatory rheometry and isothermal calorimetry was performed for the monitoring of the hardening stage of Portland cement (PC) compositions blended with BR generated in different sites in Brazil. The time-sweep test was applied to obtain the consistency gain of suspensions over-time, allowing us to understand the physical parameters of consolidation, while the changes in the hydration reaction showed considerable differences in the chemical contribution. As a conclusion, it was clear the impact of each BR, mainly due to the aspects related to soluble aluminates, silicates, and sodium, which in association with the soluble ions from PC, affected the chemical reaction and agglomeration/flocculation forces of particles.

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Implementation of natural and artificial materials in Portland cement

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind191216014d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 147-161

Author(s):

Pero Dabic ◽

Damir Barbir

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Cement Composites ◽

Artificial Materials ◽

Waste Container ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

For the preparation of modern cement and concrete, supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have become essential ingredients. The technical, economic and environmental advantages of using SCM have become unquestionable. The main technical reasons for their use are the improvement of the workability of fresh concrete and durability of hardened concrete. Actually, SCM affect almost all concrete properties, while environmental and economic reasons may be more significant than technical reasons. These ingredients can reduce the amount of Portland cement used in cement composites, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. In addition, many of the SCM are industrial by-products, which can otherwise be considered as waste. This paper presents a literature review of the present knowledge on the impact of natural zeolite, waste construction brick and waste container glass on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of Portland cement as the most commonly used cement in the world.

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Recent Advances in Magnesia Blended Cement Studies for Geotechnical Well Construction—A Review

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2021.754431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Weiqing Chen ◽

Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽

Mobeen Murtaza ◽

Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Particle Size ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Research Progress ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Cement Material ◽

The Impact ◽

Caustic Magnesia

The current paper presents a literature review on the studies of incorporation of magnesia (magnesium oxide) into Portland cement material from the geotechnical well construction perspective. Starting with a comparison of application conditions between civil construction and geotechnical well cementing, this work reviewed the Portland cement categorizations, magnesia manufacturing routes at first. Then, the physical-chemical-mechanical properties were investigated which includes the reactivity of magnesia, expansion influence from its hydration, and carbonation/dehydroxylation of magnesia blended Portland cement. The development of cement material hydration modeling methods is also summarized. Moreover, the experimental characterization methods have also been elucidated including composition determination, particle size analysis, volumetric variation measurement, compressive strength testing, shear-bond strength testing, transition state analysis, etc. Meanwhile, the results and conclusions were extracted from the literature. Through this route, a comprehensive understanding of the scientific research progress on magnesia blended Portland cement development for geotechnical well construction is derived. Additionally, it is concluded that incorporating magnesia into Portland cement can provide benefits for this material utilization in geotechnical well constructions provided the reasonable tuning among the characteristics of magnesia, the downhole surrounding conditions, and the formulation of the cement slurry. Satisfying these pre-conditions, the effective expansion not only mitigates the micro-annulus issues but also increases the shear bonding strength at the cementing interfaces. Moreover, the caustic magnesia introduction into Portland cement has the potential advantage on carbon dioxide geological sequestration well integrity compared with the Portland cement sheath without it because of the denser in-situ porous matrix evolvement and more stable carbon fixation features of magnesium carbonate. However, since the impact of magnesia on Portland cement strongly depended on its properties (calcination conditions, particle size, reactivity) and the aging conditions (downhole temperature, pressure, contacting medium), it should be noted that some extended research is worth conducting in the future such as the synchronized hydration between magnesia and Portland cement, the dosage limit of caustic magnesia in Portland cement in terms of CO2 sequestration and the corresponding mechanical properties analysis, and the hybrid method (caustic magnesia, Portland cement, and other supplementary cementitious materials) targeting the co-existence of the geothermal environment and the corrosive medium scenario.

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Performance Trends for Portland Cement Concrète General Aviation Pavements in Illinois

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198196152400123 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1524 (1) ◽

pp. 194-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Van Dam ◽

James Bildilli

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Element Model ◽

General Aviation ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Deterioration Rate ◽

Performance Trends ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

The deterioration and performance of portland cement concrete general aviation (GA) airport pavements in Illinois are discussed. Two popular design procedures are reviewed, and typical GA pavement sections are structurally evaluated by using the ILLI-SLAB finite-element model. Subjected to GA pavement loading conditions, 125- and 150-mm-thick slabs would be considered structurally adequate, whereas 100-mm-thick slabs would not be expected to perform well. It was determined that slab size, as determined by the ratio of the slab length over the radius of relative stiffness (L/ l) was strongly correlated to pavement distress and performance. As the slab size was increased higher incidences of distress at higher severity levels were observed. Performance trends were identified by using a deterioration rate approach that accounts for the performance of individual sections. It is believed that this procedure reflects actual performance trends by addressing the issues of long-lived pavement sections, the impact of maintenance, and the influence of inspection variability.

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Impact of Bi2O3 and ZrO2 Radiopacifiers on the Early Hydration and C–S–H Gel Structure of White Portland Cement

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb10040046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiu Li ◽

Nichola J. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Magic Angle Spinning ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Magic Angle ◽

Gel Structure ◽

Early Hydration ◽

Setting Times ◽

The Impact ◽

White Portland Cement

Bismuth oxide (monoclinic α-Bi2O3) and zirconium oxide (monoclinic ZrO2) are the most popular radiopacifiers in commercial Portland cement-based endodontic restoratives, yet their effects on the setting and hydration reactions are not fully understood. This study compares the impact of 20 wt.% of Bi2O3 or ZrO2 on the early hydration reactions and C–S–H gel structure of white Portland cement (WPC). Cement paste samples were hydrated at 37.5 °C prior to analysis by 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 h and 24 h, and transmission electron microscopy at 3 h. Initial and final setting times were determined using a Vicat apparatus and reaction kinetics were monitored by isothermal conduction calorimetry. Bi2O3 was found to prolong initial and final setting times and retard the degree of hydration by 32% at 24 h. Heat evolution during the acceleration and deceleration phases of the hydration process was reduced and the exotherm arising from renewed ettringite formation was delayed and diminished in the presence of Bi2O3. Conversely, ZrO2 had no significant impact on either setting time; although, it accelerated hydration by 23% within 24 h. Increases in the mean silicate chain length and the extent of aluminum substitution in the C–S–H gel were observed in the presence of both radiopacifying agents after 24 h relative to those of the unblended WPC. The Bi2O3 and ZrO2 particles remained intact within the cement matrix and neither bismuth nor zirconium was chemically incorporated in the hydration products.

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