scholarly journals Advances in Vibration-Based Scour Monitoring for Bridge Foundations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022127
Author(s):  
Tianyang Lan ◽  
Weimin Xu ◽  
Shichao Zhao ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Bridge Foundations ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Bridge Foundation

Abstract Scouring around bridge foundations is one of the main factors causing structural damage of bridges. Traditional scour monitoring techniques generally require a large number of sensing devices set up underwater, which is difficult to be implemented for actual bridges. To address this issue, scour monitoring technology based on structural vibrations is paid attention gradually, because this technique can work well with less equipment and can be free from the influence of the submerged environment. This study presents a systematic summary and analysis of the selection of scour indicators, sensor deployment principles and other related research involved in scour monitoring technology based on structural vibration. On this basis, the research status of the bridge scour monitoring method based on vehicle excitation is further summarized. Finally, the prospects for the application of vibration-based bridge foundation scour monitoring technology are presented, discussing the technologies that are currently missing and urgently needed for this monitoring method and the challenges faced today.

Monitoring systems for the assessment of water infrastructure hazards due to extreme climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manousos Valyrakis ◽  
Panagiotis Michalis ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Pablo Gaston Latessa
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Climatic Hazards

<p>Ageing infrastructure alongside with extreme climatic conditions pose a major threat for the sustainability of civil infrastructure systems with significant societal and economic impacts [1]. A main issue also arises from the fact that past and existing methods that incorporate the risk of climatic hazards into infrastructure design and assessment methods are based on historical records [2].</p><p>Major flood incidents are the factor of evolving geomorphological processes, which cause a drastic reduction in the safe capacity of structures (e.g. bridges, dams). Many efforts focused on the development and application of monitoring techniques to provide real-time assessment of geomorphological conditions around structural elements [1, 3, 4]. However, the current qualitative visual inspection practice cannot provide reliable assessment of geomorphological effects at bridges and other water infrastructure.</p><p>This work presents an analysis of the useful experience and lessons learnt from past monitoring efforts applied to assess geomorphological conditions at bridges and other types of water infrastructure. The main advantages and limitations of each monitoring method is summarized and compared, alongside with the key issues behind the failure of existing instrumentation to provide a solution. Finally, future directions on scour monitoring is presented focusing on latest advances in soil and remote sensing methods to provide modern and reliable alternatives for real-time monitoring and prediction [5, 6] of climatic hazards of infrastructure at risk.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>[1] Michalis, P., Konstantinidis, F. and Valyrakis, M. (2019) The road towards Civil Infrastructure 4.0 for proactive asset management of critical infrastructure systems. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Natural Hazards & Infrastructure (ICONHIC2019), Chania, Greece, 23–26 June 2019.</p><p>[2] Pytharouli, S., Michalis, P. and Raftopoulos, S. (2019) From Theory to Field Evidence: Observations on the Evolution of the Settlements of an Earthfill Dam, over Long Time Scales. Infrastructures 2019, 4, 65.</p><p>[3] Koursari, E., Wallace, S., Valyrakis, M. and Michalis, P. (2019). The need for real time and robust sensing of infrastructure risk due to extreme hydrologic events, 2019 UK/ China Emerging Technologies (UCET), Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2019, pp. 1-3. doi: 10.1109/UCET.2019.8881865</p><p>[4] Michalis, P., Saafi, M. and M.D. Judd. (2012) Integrated Wireless Sensing Technology for Surveillance and Monitoring of Bridge Scour. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, France, Paris, pp. 395-402.</p><p>[5] Valyrakis, M., Diplas, P., and Dancey, C.L. (2011) Prediction of coarse particle movement with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, Hydrological Processes, 25 (22). pp. 3513-3524. ISSN 0885-6087, doi:10.1002/hyp.8228.</p><p>[6] Valyrakis, M., Michalis, P. and Zhang, H. (2015) A new system for bridge scour monitoring and prediction. Proceedings of the 36th IAHR World Congress, The Hague, the Netherlands, pp. 1-4.</p>

scholarly journals The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonso Pizarro ◽  
Salvatore Manfreda ◽  
Enrico Tubaldi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Sediment Particle ◽  
Bridge Foundations ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Bridge Collapse

Foundation scour is among the main causes of bridge collapse worldwide, resulting in significant direct and indirect losses. A vast amount of research has been carried out during the last decades on the physics and modelling of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive, and holistic literature review of the problem of scour at bridge foundations, with a focus on the following topics: (i) sediment particle motion; (ii) physical modelling and controlling dimensionless scour parameters; (iii) scour estimates encompassing empirical models, numerical frameworks, data-driven methods, and non-deterministic approaches; (iv) bridge scour monitoring including successful examples of case studies; (v) current approach for assessment and design of bridges against scour; and, (vi) research needs and future avenues.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Sensors for Underwater Scour Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Maroni ◽  
Enrico Tubaldi ◽  
Neil Ferguson ◽  
Alessandro Tarantino ◽  
Hazel McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Bridge Foundations ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensors ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Extreme Flood

Scour jeopardises the safety of many civil engineering structures with foundations in riverbeds and it is the leading cause for the collapse of bridges worldwide. Current approaches for bridge scour risk management rely mainly on visual inspections, which provide unreliable estimates of scour and of its effects, also considering the difficulties in visually monitoring the riverbed erosion around submerged foundations. Thus, there is a need to introduce systems capable of continuously monitoring the evolution of scour at bridge foundations, even during extreme flood events. This paper illustrates the development and deployment of a scour monitoring system consisting of smart probes equipped with electromagnetic sensors. This is the first application of this type of sensing probes to a real case-study for continuous scour monitoring. Designed to observe changes in the permittivity of the medium around bridge foundations, the sensors allow for detection of scour depths and the assessment of whether the scour hole has been refilled. The monitoring system was installed on the A76 200 Bridge in New Cumnock (S-W Scotland) and has provided a continuous recording of the scour for nearly two years. The scour data registered after a peak flood event (validated against actual measurements of scour during a bridge inspection) show the potential of the technology in providing continuous scour measures, even during extreme flood events, thus avoiding the deployment of divers for underwater examination.

Development and evaluation of an automation algorithm for a time-domain reflectometry bridge scour monitoring system

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Yu ◽  
X. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Bridge Foundation

Bridge scour is a major threat to the safety of bridges. There is a high risk of scour-induced damage due to the catastrophic nature of bridge foundation failure. The development of an innovative bridge scour monitoring system is a pressing task for the research community. Such a system needs to be fieldworthy, which is a characteristic assessed in terms of accuracy, ruggedness, and automation. Among these criteria, an automatic signal analysis algorithm is generally a prerequisite for deploying a long-term field monitoring program. This paper describes the development and validation of an algorithm for a scour monitoring system based on the principles of guided radar: time-domain reflectometry (TDR). This algorithm is based on the extension of the classic dielectric mixing model to layered systems. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated using experiments designed to simulate different field scour conditions. These include different types of sediments and the variation of river conditions (i.e., salinity of river water, air entrainment, and amount of suspended sediments). The experiment results indicate that the developed analyses algorithm is robust and accurate for scour-depth estimation under these investigated conditions.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Solutions for Bridge Scour Forecast Based on Monitoring Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110126
Author(s):  
Negin Yousefpour ◽  
Steve Downie ◽  
Steve Walker ◽  
Nathan Perkins ◽  
Hristo Dikanski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Bayesian Inference Method ◽  
Water Level Variations

Bridge scour is a challenge throughout the U.S.A. and other countries. Despite the scale of the issue, there is still a substantial lack of robust methods for scour prediction to support reliable, risk-based management and decision making. Throughout the past decade, the use of real-time scour monitoring systems has gained increasing interest among state departments of transportation across the U.S.A. This paper introduces three distinct methodologies for scour prediction using advanced artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) techniques based on real-time scour monitoring data. Scour monitoring data included the riverbed and river stage elevation time series at bridge piers gathered from various sources. Deep learning algorithms showed promising in prediction of bed elevation and water level variations as early as a week in advance. Ensemble neural networks proved successful in the predicting the maximum upcoming scour depth, using the observed sensor data at the onset of a scour episode, and based on bridge pier, flow and riverbed characteristics. In addition, two of the common empirical scour models were calibrated based on the observed sensor data using the Bayesian inference method, showing significant improvement in prediction accuracy. Overall, this paper introduces a novel approach for scour risk management by integrating emerging AI/ML algorithms with real-time monitoring systems for early scour forecast.

scholarly journals Web-based real time bridge scour monitoring system for disaster management

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Skibniewski ◽  
Hui-Ping Tserng ◽  
Shen-Haw Ju ◽  
Chung-Wei Feng ◽  
Chih-Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Scour Monitoring

scholarly journals A MONITORING METHOD OF COLOR DECAYING FOR COLORED PATTERNS IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
L. Qin ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
G. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Colored Pattern

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As a special part of architectural heritage, the colored pattern is not only artwork to decorate the architecture, but information reflecting specific historical era. So it has great cultural and artistic value. However, the colored pattern is one of the most sensitive types of cultural relics, which is sensitive to natural environment changes and highly vulnerable to erosion. In order to strengthen the protection of colored patterns in history architectures, it is necessary to monitor the status quo of them.</p><p>This work introduces a monitoring method of color decaying for colored patterns in architecture: set up the illuminants, adjust the illuminants, detect the color information and calculate the color difference. Based on the color difference by CIE DE2000 formula, the color decaying status of the pattern can be evaluated. The monitoring period should be at least three months.</p><p>About four years’ work has been carried out for colored patterns in the Long Corridor of the Summer Palace, and the color differences &amp;Delta;E<sub>00</sub> are about from 2 to 5, some can be over 9. In result, most colored patterns keep in good health condition. Color decaying happens every time and there are slight changes in most colored patterns. In 2nd quarter 2017, aware changes happened in nearly all the patterns. According to the color difference to evaluate the color decaying of the colored patterns, it is an efficient method to analyze the health status of colored patterns.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of PZT Actuators Positioning in Active Structural Acoustic Control

10.14311/968 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Švec ◽  
V. Jandák
Keyword(s):  
Sound Field ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Structural Acoustics ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Acoustic Control ◽  
Radiated Sound ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper deals with the effect of secondary actuator positioning in an active structural acoustics control (ASAC) experiment. The ASAC approach is based on minimizing the sound radiation from structures to the far field by controlling the structural vibrations. In this article a rectangular steel plate structure was assumed with one secondary actuator attached to it. As a secondary actuator, a specially designed piezoelectric stripe actuator was used. We studied the effect of the position of the actuator on the pattern and on the radiated sound field of the structural vibration, with and without active control. The total radiated power was also measured. The experimental data was confronted with the results obtained by a numerical solution of the mathematical model used. For the solution, the finite element method in the ANSYS software package was used. 

L1 Regularized Model Updating for Structural Damage Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Han Wu ◽  
Xiao-Qing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Modal Data ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Regularized Model

Model updating methods based on structural vibration data have been developed and applied to detecting structural damages in civil engineering. Compared with the large number of elements in the entire structure of interest, the number of damaged elements which are represented by the stiffness reduction is usually small. However, the widely used [Formula: see text] regularized model updating is unable to detect the sparse feature of the damage in a structure. In this paper, the [Formula: see text] regularized model updating based on the sparse recovery theory is developed to detect structural damage. Two different criteria are considered, namely, the frequencies and the combination of frequencies and mode shapes. In addition, a one-step model updating approach is used in which the measured modal data before and after the occurrence of damage will be compared directly and an accurate analytical model is not needed. A selection method for the [Formula: see text] regularization parameter is also developed. An experimental cantilever beam is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the [Formula: see text] regularization approach can be successfully used to detect the sparse damaged elements using the first six modal data, whereas the [Formula: see text] counterpart cannot. The influence of the measurement quantity on the damage detection results is also studied.

Research on Motor Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Monitoring Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Li Gao ◽  
Tian Jun Hu ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology

This paper starts from the influence of vehicle exhaust, first introduces a major vehicle exhaust monitoring technology--Remote Sensing Technology, gives its monitoring principles and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Then,it takes the most abundant types of substances in vehicle exhaust (NOx) as example,illustrates the principles and methods for monitoring. Finally,it introduces a new vehicle exhaust monitoring method and makes a full summary.

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