Post-disaster permanent housing: user participation and long-term satisfaction

An objective evaluation of users’ long-term satisfaction with the post-disaster permanent housing provided is important for judging the successes or failures of housing reconstruction programs. Focussing on four resettlement sites built via the REKOMPAK program after the 2010 Merapi eruption, this paper examines the users’ long-term satisfaction with the provided housing, and explores how their satisfaction level relates to their demographic characteristics and level of participation in the reconstruction processes. The results show that the households are in overall satisfied with the present housing. Their overall satisfaction level is statistically positively associated with household income, but not their level of participation and other demographic characteristics. These findings provide evidence on a satisfactory outcome in the long-term for the REKOMPAK, a community-based reconstruction program that was implemented in Indonesia since 2004, and a useful insight for local authorities, humanitarian and other agencies involved in post-disaster reconstruction program.

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Long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-11-2015-0264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 581-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nuwan Tharanga Dias ◽

Kaushal Keraminiyage ◽

Kushani Kulasthri DeSilva

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Literature Review ◽

Subject Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Permanent Housing ◽

Housing Issue ◽

Social And Cultural Factors ◽

Post Disaster

Purpose After tsunami 2004, it was estimated that more than 98,000 permanent houses had to be rebuilt. However, ten years on, as communities, are they satisfied in their new homes? What are the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of resettled communities in relation to their new permanent houses. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the level of long-term satisfaction of two tsunami affected resettled communities in Sri Lanka in a bid to identify the indicators affecting the long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities in relation to permanent housing. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the thorough literature review conducted to evaluate the state of the art in the subject area, a series of interviews were conducted with experts and tsunami affected communities in Sri Lanka to gather primary data for this research. The literature review is used to establish the initial list of indicators of long-term satisfaction of resettlements. The expert interviews and the community interviews were used to verify and refine the initially identified indicators. Findings A sustainable resettlement programme is just not merely reconstruction of a set of houses. A resettlement programme should re-establish the socio-economic and cultural life of people. Reconstruction of a house does not solve the housing issue; it is vital to look in to the indicators which can convert a house into a home and the surrounding into a neighbourhood. Originality/value This paper makes a significant contribution in terms of identifying indicators affecting the long-term community satisfaction with resettlement programmes taking into account economic, social and cultural factors with a special emphasis on post tsunami resettlements in Sri Lanka.

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China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy: Evidence from China’s disaster-related aid to Nepal

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics ◽

10.1177/20578911211019255 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 205789112110192

Author(s):

Peng Lin

Keyword(s):

Humanitarian Assistance ◽

Underdeveloped Countries ◽

The Past ◽

Belt And Road ◽

High Degree ◽

The Belt And Road ◽

Post Disaster ◽

Effective Channel ◽

India And China

Engaging in disaster relief and, more recently, post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries with critical geoeconomic and geopolitical interests has become an increasingly regular and institutionalized component of China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy over the past decade. Drawn upon novel evidence from China’s growing disaster-related humanitarian assistance to Nepal and unprecedented engagement in Nepal’s long-term post-earthquake rebuild since 2015, this article explores the dynamics behind China’s transforming humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this article suggest that: 1) geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, represented by the Belt-and-Road Initiative, serve as a critical driver for the development of China’s bilateral partnership with other countries in the disaster sector; 2) long-term cooperation with underdeveloped countries like Nepal provides China, both government and non-state actors (NSAs), with an effective channel to engage with the international humanitarian community and to internalize humanitarian norms; 3) although humanitarian missions remain contingent and instrumental in China’s international relations, they are laying the foundations for a specialized humanitarian policy area with more relevant normative assets, more professional actors, and more sophisticated institutions; 4) NSAs, represented by private foundations and civil NGOs, have played active roles in the state-dominant cooperation in disaster management. This article also suggests that intensified geopolitical confrontations, such as military clashes between India and China along their disputed borders over the past year, would lead to a high degree of politicization of humanitarian missions and partnerships counter-conducive to humanitarian goals.

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Five-year Psychosocial Impact of Living in Post-Disaster Prefabricated Temporary Housing

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.212 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Tetsuya Akaishi ◽

Tomomi Suzuki ◽

Harumi Nemoto ◽

Yusuke Utsumi ◽

Moe Seto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Interaction ◽

The Other ◽

Temporary Housing ◽

Psychiatric Status ◽

History Of ◽

Psychosocial Conditions ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Post Disaster

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the long-term impact of living in post-disaster prefabricated temporary housing on social interaction activities and mental health status. Methods: A total of 917 adult residents in a coastal town, whose residences were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), were enrolled for the assessment held five years after the disaster. They answered questions about their experience and consequence of living in prefabricated temporary housing after the disaster. Their present scores on five types of self-reported measures regarding the psychosocial or psychiatric status and their present and recalled social interaction activities were cross-sectionally collected. Results: A total of 587 (64.0%) participants had a history of living in prefabricated temporary housing, while the other 330 (36.0%) had not. The prevalence of social interaction activities significantly decreased after the GEJE. However, the experience of living in prefabricated temporary housing did not adversely affect the subsequent social interaction activities or mental conditions of the participants five years after the disaster. Conclusions: Living in post-disaster prefabricated temporary housing may not negatively impact subsequent psychosocial conditions or social interaction activities five years later.

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Representing Disasters and Long-term Recovery – Insights from Tamil Nadu

10.24943/rdlrtn06.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandni Singh ◽

Mark Tebboth ◽

Jasmitha Arvind ◽

Yashodara Udupa

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Shape Recovery ◽

South India ◽

State Policies ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Disaster Impacts ◽

Chennai City ◽

Post Disaster

This study focuses on disaster impacts and recovery in Tamil Nadu, drawing on insights from Chennai city and Nagapattinam district. The research is part of a larger three-year project called “Recovery with Dignity”, which examines the experiences of recovery in post-disaster situations across three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala – and explores how recovery processes represent vulnerable populations. In this report, we focus on three key disasters in Tamil Nadu: the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the 2015 South India flood, and the 2018 Cyclone Gaja. Through these events, we examine how the ways disasters and their losses are represented shape recovery outcomes. The study uses a range of data, from a review of state policies in Tamil Nadu (2005-2019), an analysis of media articles published in English and Tamil (2004-2019), to interviews with disaster-affected people and secondary stakeholders. The findings indicate that disaster responses and outcomes are highly differentiated based on how disaster-affected people and their needs and losses are represented. To enable inclusive recovery, it is necessary to recognising the heterogenous nature of disaster impacts and acknowledge different ideas of what recovery means.

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Intermediate Shelters in Bam and Permanent Shelter Reconstruction in Villages following the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.2098907 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 487-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bijan Khazai ◽

Elizabeth Hausler

Keyword(s):

Housing Stock ◽

Housing Construction ◽

Master Plan ◽

Permanent Housing ◽

Relief Operations ◽

Shelter Construction ◽

The City

The earthquake of 26 December 2003 destroyed about 85% of the housing stock and left up to 75,600 people in the city of Bam homeless. With the convergence of migrants from nearby villages, it is estimated that 155,000 people were in need of shelter in Bam and surrounding villages. A municipal governmental Master Plan for the reconstruction of Bam was completed in September 2004. Permanent housing construction in the city of Bam began in October 2004, and is scheduled to take three to five years. In the interim, intermediate shelter construction in Bam and reconstruction of permanent shelter in the surrounding villages is ongoing and work is being done to integrate relief operations into long-term recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction programs. At the time of the reconnaissance trip in late May 2004, 16,200 intermediate shelters were assembled in Bam, either on the sites of original dwellings or on campgrounds on the outskirts of the city, and over 2,500 permanent shelters were constructed in the surrounding villages.

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Implementing Pre-Emptive Managed Retreat: Constraints and Novel Insights

10.26686/wgtn.14502870 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Lawrence ◽

Jonathan Boston ◽

R Bell ◽

S Olufson ◽

R Kool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

First Century ◽

Current State ◽

Adaptation Response ◽

Extreme Flooding ◽

Protective Structures ◽

Implementation Gaps ◽

Post Disaster

Purpose of Review: Managed retreat will be inevitable where other adaptation options, such as protective structures or building restrictions, provide only temporary respite or are otherwise uneconomic, technically impractical or both. Here, we focus on the implementation of pre-emptive managed retreat, providing examples of how it can be sequenced, socialised and given the governance enablers necessary for implementation. Recent Findings: Ongoing sea-level rise during the twenty-first century and beyond poses huge adaptation challenges, especially for low-lying coastal and floodplain settlements. Settlements are already functionally disrupted from repetitive non-extreme flooding and research shows that sea-level rise will impact far more people, far sooner than previously thought, as more powerful storms, heavy rainfall and rising groundwater coincide with higher tides. To date, most examples of managed retreat have been post-disaster responses following damage and disruption. Pre-emptive managed retreat, by contrast, has yet to become a well-accepted and widely practised adaptation response. Nevertheless, there are increasing examples of research and practice on how pre-emptive managed retreat can be designed, sequenced and implemented alongside other forms of adaptation within anticipatory forms of governance. Summary: The current state of knowledge about managed retreat is reviewed and critical insights and lessons for governance and policy-making are given. Several novel examples from New Zealand are presented to address some of the implementation gaps. Goals and principles are enunciated to inform long-term adaptation strategies.

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Striving for Inclusion—A Systematic Review of Long-Term Participation in Strategic Management of Urban Green Spaces

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ◽

10.3389/frsc.2021.572423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Fors ◽

Frederik Aagaard Hagemann ◽

Åsa Ode Sang ◽

Thomas B. Randrup

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Strategic Management ◽

Process Model ◽

User Participation ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Cyclic Process ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Marginalized Groups

This systematic review contributes to the research field of user participation by suggesting a new holistic approach comprising a cyclic process model for long-term participation in the strategic management of urban green spaces, including analysis, design, and implementation phases, each followed by an evaluation. User participation in urban green spaces is encouraged in international conventions. Such initiatives aim to involve citizens more closely in decisions regarding local spaces, based on the premise that this will create better, more inclusive, and sustainable local environments. However, a social inclusion perspective is largely absent in the growing body of European scientific literature on urban green spaces. Further, user participation processes are often carried out within projects, with uncertainties about which strategic management phase (planning, design, construction, and/or maintenance) to emphasize and about the long-term sustainability of project-based participation. Therefore, the literature was examined for tools for participation with the focus on participation of local users in the strategic management of urban green spaces, and in particular, marginalized groups. A systematic review based on peer-reviewed scientific papers revealed the necessity for adapting participation processes to the known needs of different participant groups, including those of marginalized groups often excluded in the past. Local authorities have several pathways to socially inclusive and long-term participation. These include choosing and employing a suitable participation approach, anchoring repeated project-based participation in existing municipal long-term strategies, continuously supporting participating users and evaluating ongoing participation processes, and employing a mix of participation types and approaches. The “cyclic process model for long-term participation in strategic management of UGS” presented in this paper could guide such efforts.

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Developing and Maintaining Trust in Hastily Formed Relief Networks

Crisis Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4707-7.ch066 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1302-1324

Author(s):

Peter Tatham ◽

Gyöngyi Kovács

Keyword(s):

Trust Model ◽

Humanitarian Logistics ◽

Business Relationships ◽

Practical Application ◽

Short Notice ◽

Swift Trust ◽

Theoretical Application ◽

Post Disaster ◽

Limited Period

Although there is a vast body of academic and practitioner literature championing the importance of trust in long-term business relationships, relatively little has been written discussing the development and maintenance of trust in networks that are formed at short notice and that often operate for a limited period of time. However, some models of trust and trusting behavior in such “hastily formed relief networks” (HFRN) do exist, and the aim of this chapter is to consider the theoretical application of one of the most prominent examples – that known as “swift trust” – to a post-disaster humanitarian logistics scenario. Presented from the perspective of a HFRN, this chapter presents a discussion of the practical application of the swift trust model.

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