scholarly journals Thermal-cycling, simulated brushing, and beverages induced color changes and roughness of CAD/CAM poly (methyl methacrylate) denture resins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mohammad Al Taweel ◽  
Afnan F Alfouzan ◽  
Hanan N. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Nawaf Labban ◽  
Huda A Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of thermal-cycling, mechanical brushing and beverage storage on the color changes and surface roughness of conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM PMMA used to fabricate complete dentures. A total of 100 specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were fabricated from conventional PMMA resin (Heat-cured, Major. Base.20, Moncalieri, Italy) and CAD/CAM blocks (Opera system, Principauté de Monaco, French). The specimens were subjected to a combined surface treatment involving thermo-cycling, mechanical brushing, and immersed in either artificial saliva (AS), coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, or lemon juice. Colour differences (∆E) and surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a spectrophotometer and non-contact profilometer, respectively. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v.20 (α=0.05). Factorial ANOVA showed that independent factors, namely material, beverages, and the interaction between independent factors, significantly influenced ΔE (F=76.862; p<0.001) and surface roughness (F=71.685; p<0.001). The overall highest and lowest colour differences was obtained for CAD/CAM PMMA (∆E=1.93 ± 1.29) and conventional PMMA (∆E=1.41 ± 1.39) resins, respectively (p=0.061). Conventional PMMA (1.22±0.20) demonstrated significantly increased roughness compared to CAD/CAM PMMA (0.91±0.17) (p <0.001). Pearson correlation showed a low degree of correlation, which was non-significant for both the PMMA (r=0.015; p=0.917) and C-PMMA materials (r=0.097; p=0.505). CAD/CAM milled PMMA resins demonstrated greater colour change and lower surface roughness compared to conventional heat-polymerized PMMA resins. Specimens in tea and coffee demonstrated maximum colour changes and were perceivable by the human eye. On the contrary, specimens immersed in low pH acidic beverages namely Coca-Cola and lemon juice demonstrated maximum surface roughness.

scholarly journals Superficial Effects of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Color Change of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Numan Aydın ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Bilge Ersöz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

Objective: CAD/CAM blocks are widely used in dental restorations around the world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different polishing and finishing systems on surface roughness and color change of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks. Material and Methods: In this study, material samples of 2×7×12mm were prepared. In three different experimental groups, surface polishing was carried out with one-step, two-step and multi-step polishing systems. The samples in one subgroup of each experimental group were polished with the diamond paste. Once the initial roughness and color values of the samples were measured using a profilometer and a spectrophotometer, the samples were immersed in coffee. Surface roughness and color change (∆E00) results were statistically analyzed using two-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Results: Finishing and polishing systems created significantly different levels of surface roughness on the hybrid ceramic block (Vita Enamic) but not on the composites block (Brilliant Crios, Grandio Blocs). While the two-step and multi-step finishing and polishing systems produced the lowest color change on hybrid ceramic blocks, one-step and two-step systems achieved this on composite blocks (p<0.05). In all test groups, the supplementary polishing performed after regular polishing procedures helped us reduce the surface roughness and color change on CAD/CAM blocks.  Conclusions: The findings obtained in this study suggest that one and two-step polishing systems are more suitable for resin-based composite CAD/CAM blocks; for hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM blocks, on the other hand, two and multi-step finishing and polishing systems seem to be more efficient concerning lower surface roughness and resistance to color changes.

scholarly journals Bonding and Thermal Cycling Performances of Two (Poly)Aryl–Ether–Ketone (PAEKs) Materials to an Acrylic Denture Base Resin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Peng ◽  
Saiji Shimoe ◽  
Lih-Jyh Fuh ◽  
Chung-Kwei Lin ◽  
Dan-Jae Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aryl Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Thermal Cycling Fatigue

Poly(aryl–ether–ketone) materials (PAEKs) are gaining interest in everyday dental practices because of their natural properties. This study aims to analyze the bonding performance of PAEKs to a denture acrylic. Testing materials were pretreated by grinding, sandblasting, and priming prior to polymerization with the denture acrylic. The surface morphologies were observed using a scanning electron microscope and the surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy. The shear bond strength (SBS) values were determined after 0 and 2500 thermal cycles. The obtained data were analyzed using a paired samples t-test and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05). The surface characteristics of testing materials after different surface pretreatments showed obvious differences. PAEKs showed lower surface roughness values (0.02–0.03 MPa) than Co-Cr (0.16 MPa) and zirconia (0.22 MPa) after priming and sandblasting treatments (p < 0.05). The SBS values of PAEKs (7.60–8.38 MPa) met the clinical requirements suggested by ISO 10477 (5 MPa). Moreover, PAEKs showed significantly lower SBS reductions (p < 0.05) after thermal cycling fatigue testing compared to Co-Cr and zirconia. Bonding performance is essential for denture materials, and our results demonstrated that PAEKs possess good resistance to thermal cycling fatigue, which is an advantage in clinical applications. The results imply that PAEKs are potential alternative materials for the removable of prosthetic frameworks.

scholarly journals Effects of Artificial Staining and Bleaching Protocols on the Surface Roughness, Color, and Whiteness Changes of an Aged Nanofilled Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geyse Maria dos Santos Muniz Mota ◽  
Matheus Kury ◽  
Cecília Pereira da Silva Braga Tenório ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral ◽  
Cecília Pedroso Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This study evaluated the surface roughness and color alteration of an aged nanofilled composite exposed to different staining solutions and bleaching agents. Ninety nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350XT, 3M/Oral Care) specimens were submitted to 5,000 thermal cycles and immersed in (n = 30): red wine, coffee, and artificial saliva at 37°C for 48 h. Groups were subdivided according to the bleaching protocol (n = 10) with 20% carbamide peroxide, 38% hydrogen peroxide, or without bleaching - control. Mean surface roughness values (Ra - μm) and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were measured at baseline (T0), after thermal cycling aging and staining (TS), and after bleaching (TB). Color (ΔE00) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were determined after aging and staining (Ts-T0) and after bleaching (TB-TS). The adopted perceptibility and acceptability thresholds of the nanofilled composite were 0.81 and 1.71 ΔE00 units and 0.61 and 2.90 ΔWID units, respectively. Ra was analyzed using mixed models for repeated measurements and L* by the Tukey-Kramer test. The a* and b* values were evaluated by generalized linear models for repeated measures. ΔE00 was tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and ΔWID by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Ra of all groups decreased after aging and staining (TS, p &lt; 0.05), but increased after bleaching only for groups stained with red wine (TB). Aging and staining decreased the luminosity of the composites, but L* increased after bleaching (p &lt; 0.05). Aging and staining increased a* and b* values, but after bleaching, b* values decreased (p &lt; 0.05). After bleaching, ΔE00 and ΔWID were greater in stained groups at both time intervals, regardless of the bleaching protocol. Stained resin composites exhibited perceptible but unacceptable color (ΔE00 &gt; 1.71) and whiteness (ΔWID &gt; 2.90) changes, regardless of the bleaching treatment performed. Therefore, red wine affected the surface roughness of the aged nanofilled resin submitted to bleaching. Bleaching was unable to reverse the color changes promoted by red wine and coffee on the aged nanofilled composite.

scholarly journals Effects of Khat on Surface Roughness and Color of Feldspathic and Zirconia Porcelain Materials under Simulated Oral Cavity Conditions

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Al Moaleem ◽  
Rashad AlSanosy ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mansoor Shariff ◽  
Abdulkhaliq A. Alshadidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Aided Design

Background and Objectives: Khat chewing is considered as a daily habit that is practiced by more than five million people globally. The effect of khat chewing on the surface roughness and the color stability of natural teeth and the material used in the fabrication of dental prosthesis remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore and compare the effect of khat homogenate (KH) on the surface roughness (Ra) and the average color changes (ΔE*) amongst natural teeth and selected shades from different porcelain types, namely, feldspathic metal ceramic (MC) VM13, computer-aided design/computer assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) feldspathic (Vitablocs Mark II), and multilayer zirconia (Ceramill Zolid PS) porcelains. Materials and Methods: Seventy samples were prepared from natural teeth, feldspathic MC, CAD/CAM Vitablocs Mark II, and zirconia porcelain. The Ra values were measured using a profilometer and expressed in micrometers, whereas the ΔE* values were measured using VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer for all samples before and after frequent immersion and thermocycling in KH for 30 days. The surface topography was used to assess the materials surfaces (glazed or polished) after KH immersion by using a white light interferometry machine. Results: Results revealed that the Ra and the ΔE* values of the different types of tested porcelain were influenced by KH. The order of surface roughness values was glazed or polished MC > polished Zircon > polished Vitablocs Mark II > natural teeth. The lowest ΔE* values were recorded for glazed Vitablocs Mark II and MC, and the values could be arranged as polished zircon > natural teeth > glazed zircon > polished MC > polished Vitablocs Mark II. P values were significantly varied (<0.001) among all the tested groups, except the zircon group (>0.05) for both Ra and ΔE*. Conclusions: KH significantly affected both surface parameter and color of glazed or polished porcelain materials and natural teeth.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Acidic Solutions and Sodium Fluoride on Surface Roughness of Two Types of CAD-CAM Dental Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elham Farhadi ◽  
Hamid Kermanshah ◽  
Shiva Rafizadeh ◽  
Reza Saeedi ◽  
Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Vitro Effect

Objectives. This study assessed the effect of immersion in acidic solutions and sodium fluoride on surface roughness of dental ceramics. Materials and Methods. 40 blocks of Vitablocs Mark II and IPS e.max CAD (5 × 5 × 3) were prepared. The samples were divided into five groups (n = 8) for immersion in artificial saliva (control), artificially prepared gastric acid, acetic acid, 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid, and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid. The samples were immersed for 168 hours in the respective solutions except for sodium fluoride, in which the samples were immersed for 69 hours. The surface roughness of samples was measured before and after immersion using a profilometer. The surface roughness changes of three specimens of each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and independent t-test. Results. Significant changes were noted in Ra ( P = 0.002 ) and Rq ( P < 0.0001 ) in both types of ceramics. The lowest changes in Ra and Rq parameters were seen in artificial saliva and gastric acid and highest changes occurred following immersion in 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid, respectively. Changes in Rz were also significant following immersion in Vitablocs Mark II ( P < 0.05 ). Immersion in 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid produced a rougher surface on both types of ceramics (SEM). Conclusion. Exposure of Vitablocs Mark II CAD and IPS e.max CAD to 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid significantly increased their surface roughness, while for Vitablocs Mark II, lager defects were seen on its surface.

Effect of aging and mechanical brushing on surface roughness of 3D printed denture resins: A profilometer and scanning electron microscopy analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Afnan F. Alfouzan ◽  
Hadeel M. Alotiabi ◽  
Nawaf Labban ◽  
Hanan N. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Sara Mohammad Al Taweel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The use of 3D printed material in the dental field is gaining tremendous attention. However, studies related to 3D printed denture resins are scarce and need consideration before their inclusion in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the surface roughness (Ra) of 3D printed denture resins following aging and mechanical brushing. METHODS: Forty round samples (diameter, 10 mm and thickness, 3 mm) were fabricated from two 3D printed (DentaBASE and Denture 3D+) and one conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture materials. The samples were thermo-cycled, subjected to mechanical brushing, and later immersed in either artificial saliva (AS), coffee, cola, or lemon juice (n= 10) to simulate one and two years of oral use. Surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a non-contact profilometer and scanning electron microscope was used for qualitative analysis. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.20 (α= 0.05). RESULTS: Denture 3D+ demonstrated highest mean Ra (1.15 ± 0.28 μm), followed by PMMA (0.99 ± 0.50 μm) and DentaBASE (0.81 ± 24). The difference in mean Ra between the materials was statistically non-significant (P= 0.08). Amongst the different beverages used, the highest Ra was observed for samples immersed in lemon juice (1.06 ± 0.40 μm) followed by cola (1.04 ± 0.46 μm) and coffee (0.98 ± 0.40 μm), respectively. The lowest Ra was observed for samples immersed in AS (0.85 ± 0.24 μm). CONCLUSION: The surface roughness of 3D printed denture resins was comparable with that of conventional PMMA resins. Denture 3D+ demonstrated the highest mean roughness, followed by PMMA and DentaBASE.

scholarly journals Effect of 2 Bleaching Agents with a Content of High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide on Stained 2 CAD/CAM Blocks and a Nanohybrid Composite Resin: An AFM Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
İzgen Karakaya ◽  
Esra Cengiz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whiteness Index ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pure White

The aim of this study was to evaluate color stability of 3 restorative materials, discoloration ability of different solutions, efficacy of 2 office bleaching agents, and surface roughness and topography. Sixty specimens for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) were prepared. They were immersed into 3 staining solutions for 2 weeks and then they were bleached. According to the measuredL⁎,a⁎, andb⁎parameters described by CIELAB system, color changes (ΔE00), translucency parameters (TP), whiteness index values (W⁎), and changes in closeness to pure white (ΔW⁎) were calculated. Then 3 specimens from each group were scanned with an atomic force microscope for surface analysis. After staining, CME groups and control groups of LU and VE showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00<1,8). After bleaching, while a reverse effect on color was observed, VE showed the furthest color values to pure white. There was no statistically significant difference between whiteness index values of LU and CME. LU was the most translucent material during the study and TP values of materials showed minimal differences. Most of the VE groups and a control group of LU showed surface roughness (Ra) values higher than critical value for biofilm accumulation (0,2 μm).

scholarly journals Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of Interim Crowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8964
Author(s):  
Nada Aldahian ◽  
Rawaiz Khan ◽  
Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Fahim Vohra ◽  
Ali Alrahlah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Marginal Integrity ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ct Analysis

The aim is to assess the influence of fabrication techniques—conventional (CN), CAD-CAM (CC), and 3D printing (3D)—on the marginal fit, adaptation, surface roughness, and wear of interim restorations of crowns. Thirty interim crowns were fabricated using CN, CC, and 3D techniques. Sixty discs were fabricated to evaluate surface wear and surface roughness properties, with 10 disc samples in each group (n = 10). Internal adaptation and marginal integrity of interim crowns were analyzed with micro CT to detect microgaps at selected points. Average surface micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated in micrometers (μm) using an optical non-contact surface microscope under cyclic loading. Surface wear was evaluated by surface area measurements (mm3) using a micro CT. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc comparison tests with Pearson correlation were performed for data analysis. The highest adaptation means were for CN (269.94 ± 64 μm), and the lowest mean value was observed for 3D (197.82 ± 11.72 μm) crowns. CN and CC specimens showed comparable adaptation (p > 0.05), which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 3D crowns. CN crowns showed significantly higher marginal misfit compared to 3D (p < 0.05) and CC (p < 0.05) crowns. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in the 3D crowns (5.61 ± 0.33 µm), whereas the lowest was found in CC crowns (3.28 ± 0.34 µm). Better restoration Ra was observed using the CC method followed by CN. CN had the highest wear (17.79 ± 2.78 mm3), and the lowest wear was observed in the 3D (10.81 ± 2.00 mm3) specimen. Low surface wear was observed using 3D printing, followed by CN and CC techniques. The printed specimen showed comparable outcomes to CAD-CAM restoration; however, they were better than CN restoration. A positive correlation between adaptation and surface roughness was observed, indicating an effect of the fabrication technique on material physical property.

scholarly journals Surface roughness and color measurements of glazed or polished hybrid, feldspathic, and Zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials after hot and cold coffee immersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujain I. Aldosari ◽  
Abdulkhaliq A. Alshadidi ◽  
Amit Porwal ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed M. Al Moaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Abstract Background The purpose of this study evaluates and compares the effect of surface roughness (Ra) and color stability on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid resin (Vita Enamic), feldspathic (Vitablocs® Mark II), and lithium disilicate Zirconia (Vita Suprinity) glazed or polished ceramics immersed in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Methods A total of 96 standardized samples were prepared from CAD/CAM restorative materials. Half of the samples were polished as per the manufacturer’s instructions using a porcelain polishing kit, and the other half were glazed. Samples were distributed and immersed in hot Arabian Qahwa and cold coffee followed by thermocycling. Ra measurements and color changes were conducted before and after immersion. SEM images were captured from each type of glazed or polished ceramic. One-way ANOVA paired Student’s t-test, and Bonferroni test were conducted to detect significant difference between the groups. P > 0.05 was a significant level. Results Of all the tested samples, Ra increased without any significant difference; however, mean color changes (ΔE*) showed significant differences. An increase in Ra was noted for all the glazed and polished samples after immersion and thermocycling. However, differences were significant only in VM II. In addition, ΔE* was significant only in Vita Suprinity (VS) samples. For immersion groups, significant Ra changes were noticed in glazed samples, only in Vita Enamic (VE) with no ΔE*. In polished samples, mean Ra changes were observed in VM II and VS samples. Significant differences were also noticed in polished VE and VS subgroups of ΔE*. Conclusions Ra affects all the tested samples, providing higher values on the polished specimens. The ΔE* caused by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee on glazed or polished CAD/CAM restorative materials were clinically acceptable.

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