Nanocrystals of Metal Halide Perovskites and Their Analogues as Scintillators for X-ray detection

Abstract Scintillators are widely used for X-ray detection in various fields, such as medical diagnostics, industrial inspection and homeland security. Nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites and their analogues showed great advantages as X-ray scintillators due to their cheap manufacturing, fast decay time, and room temperature scintillation from quantum confinement effect. However, there are still many challenges unsolved for further industrialization. Herein, it is necessary to summarize the progress of scintillators based on nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites and their analogues. In first section, the scintillation mechanism and key parameters are outlined. Then, various nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites and their analogues used as scintillators are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlook are discussed. It is believed that nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites and their analogues are favorable for large-area and flexible X-ray detectors.

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Tailoring the electron and hole dimensionality to achieve efficient and stable metal halide perovskite scintillators

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Zhifang Tan ◽

Jincong Pang ◽

Guangda Niu ◽

Jun-Hui Yuan ◽

Kan-Hao Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Solubility ◽

Radiation Stability ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Lead Free ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Halide Perovskite ◽

Bonding Interaction ◽

Halide Perovskites ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Low X

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have recently been reported as excellent scintillators for X-ray detection. However, perovskite based scintillators are susceptible to moisture and oxygen atmosphere, such as the water solubility of CsPbBr3, and oxidation vulnerability of Sn2+, Cu+. The traditional metal halide scintillators (NaI: Tl, LaBr3, etc.) are also severely restricted by their high hygroscopicity. Here we report a new kind of lead free perovskite with excellent water and radiation stability, Rb2Sn1-x Te x Cl6. The equivalent doping of Te could break the in-phase bonding interaction between neighboring octahedra in Rb2SnCl6, and thus decrease the electron and hole dimensionality. The optimized Te content of 5% resulted in high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.4%, and low X-ray detection limit of 0.7 µGyair s−1. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence could be maintained without any loss when immersing in water or after 480,000 Gy radiations, outperforming previous perovskite and traditional metal halides scintillators.

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Reducing the leakage current for a CsPbBr3 detector via asymmetric area electrodes and heterostructures

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d1tc02314d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

YingFeng Ruan ◽

Pengju Guo ◽

Zhiping Zheng ◽

Qiuyun Fu ◽

Rongda Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leakage Current ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Next Generation ◽

Typical Representative ◽

X Ray ◽

Inorganic Lead ◽

Halide Perovskites ◽

Lead Halide

As a typical representative of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites, cesium lead bromine (CsPbBr3) has been regarded as the workhorse of next-generation room temperature X-ray detectors in recent years.

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High-sensitivity high-resolution X-ray imaging with soft-sintered metal halide perovskites

Nature Electronics ◽

10.1038/s41928-021-00644-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 681-688

Author(s):

Sarah Deumel ◽

Albert van Breemen ◽

Gerwin Gelinck ◽

Bart Peeters ◽

Joris Maas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Detector Arrays ◽

X Ray ◽

Carrier Lifetimes ◽

Sintered Metal ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Imaging Detector ◽

High Carrier ◽

Halide Perovskites

AbstractTo realize the potential of artificial intelligence in medical imaging, improvements in imaging capabilities are required, as well as advances in computing power and algorithms. Hybrid inorganic–organic metal halide perovskites, such as methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3), offer strong X-ray absorption, high carrier mobilities (µ) and long carrier lifetimes (τ), and they are promising materials for use in X-ray imaging. However, their incorporation into pixelated sensing arrays remains challenging. Here we show that X-ray flat-panel detector arrays based on microcrystalline MAPbI3 can be created using a two-step manufacturing process. Our approach is based on the mechanical soft sintering of a freestanding absorber layer and the subsequent integration of this layer on a pixelated backplane. Freestanding microcrystalline MAPbI3 wafers exhibit a sensitivity of 9,300 µC Gyair–1 cm–2 with a μτ product of 4 × 10–4 cm2 V–1, and the resulting X-ray imaging detector, which has 508 pixels per inch, combines a high spatial resolution of 6 line pairs per millimetre with a low detection limit of 0.22 nGyair per frame.

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Growth and Optical Properties of SnO2 Ultra-Small Nanorods by the Novel Micelle Techniques

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1087-v03-29 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1087 ◽

Author(s):

Satchidananda Rath ◽

Shinji Nozaki ◽

Hiroshi Ono ◽

Kazuo Uchida ◽

Satoshi Khojima

Keyword(s):

Quantum Confinement ◽

Photoluminescence Spectrum ◽

Tin Dioxide ◽

Optical Band Gap ◽

Quantum Confinement Effect ◽

Average Diameter ◽

The Novel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron

AbstractTin-dioxide (SnO2) ultra-small nanorods (UNR) have been successfully synthesized using the novel micellar technique. From transmission electron microscopy, the average diameter and length of the UNRs are estimated to be 1.3 nm and 5.0 nm, respectively. The crystal structure of the SnO2 UNRs was found to be tetragonal from the glazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The optical band gap estimated from the absorption spectrum is blue-shifted by 1 eV from that of bulk (3.64 eV). The photoluminescence spectrum shows two groups of peaks each with several fine peaks, one in the wavelength range of 270 – 370 nm and the other in the range of 380 – 500 nm which are due to the strong quantum confinement effect.

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Room‐Temperature Ferroelectric Material Composed of a Two‐Dimensional Metal Halide Double Perovskite for X‐ray Detection

Angewandte Chemie ◽

10.1002/ange.202004235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (33) ◽

pp. 13983-13988 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wuqian Guo ◽

Xitao Liu ◽

Shiguo Han ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Zhiyun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Double Perovskite ◽

Ferroelectric Material ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

X Ray

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Experimental Observation of Quantum Confinement Effect in and Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors and Single-Electron/Hole Transistors Operating at Room Temperature

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.7567/jjap.52.104001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (10R) ◽

pp. 104001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryota Suzuki ◽

Motoki Nozue ◽

Takuya Saraya ◽

Toshiro Hiramoto

Keyword(s):

Experimental Observation ◽

Quantum Confinement ◽

Field Effect ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Quantum Confinement Effect ◽

Silicon Nanowire ◽

Confinement Effect ◽

Single Electron ◽

Electron Hole

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Room-temperature film formation of metal halide perovskites on n-type metal oxides: the catalysis of ZnO on perovskite crystallization

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c8cc02482k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (50) ◽

pp. 6887-6890 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhongcheng Yuan ◽

Sai Bai ◽

Zhibo Yan ◽

Jun-Ming Liu ◽

Feng Gao

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxides ◽

Thermal Annealing ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

Film Formation ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Halide Perovskites

The ZnO/perovskite interface can efficiently catalyse the perovskite crystallization process even without thermal annealing.

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Low-Dimensional Phase Suppression and Defect Passivation of Quasi-2D Perovskites for Efficient Electroluminescence and Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr06549a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guangrong Jin ◽

Tanghao Liu ◽

Yuanzhao Li ◽

Jiadong Zhou ◽

Dengliang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binding Energy ◽

Spontaneous Emission ◽

Quantum Confinement ◽

Quantum Confinement Effect ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Large Exciton Binding Energy ◽

Defect Passivation ◽

Low Threshold ◽

Halide Perovskites ◽

Low Dimensional

Quasi-2D metal halide perovskites are promising candidates for light-emitting application owing to their large exciton binding energy and strong quantum confinement effect. Usually, quasi-2D perovskites are composed of multiple phases...

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Highly Efficient Copper Halide Scintillators for High-Performance and Dynamic X-ray Imaging

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr03996b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Quan Zhou ◽

Jiwei Ren ◽

Jiawen Xiao ◽

Lin Lei ◽

Feiyi Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Homeland Security ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Light Yield ◽

Medical Diagnostics ◽

Dynamic Imaging ◽

Copper Halide ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

High Light Yield

Progress towards high performance X-ray detection and dynamic imaging applications, including nondestructive inspection, homeland security, and medical diagnostics, requires scintillators with high light yield, reasonable decay time, low cost, and...

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