scholarly journals Key properties of inorganic thermoelectric materials – tables (version 1)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Freer ◽  
Dursun Ekren ◽  
Tanmoy Ghosh ◽  
Kanishka Biswas ◽  
Pengfei Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Higher Temperature

Abstract This paper presents tables of key thermoelectric properties, which define thermoelectric conversion efficiency, for a wide range of inorganic materials. The 12 families of materials included in these tables are primarily selected on the basis of well established, internationally-recognised performance and their promise for current and future applications: Tellurides, Skutterudites, Half Heuslers, Zintls, Mg-Sb Antimonides, Clathrates, FeGa3–type materials, Actinides and Lanthanides, Oxides, Sulfides, Selenides, Silicides, Borides and Carbides. As thermoelectric properties vary with temperature, data are presented at room temperature to enable ready comparison, and also at a higher temperature appropriate to peak performance. An individual table of data and commentary are provided for each family of materials plus source references for all the data.

scholarly journals Transport properties in nanostructured thermoelectric materials and single crystal perovskites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michael Ng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Degradation

<p>Energy consumption worldwide is constantly increasing, bringing with it the demand for low cost, environmentally friendly and efficient energy technologies. One of these promising technologies is thermoelectrics in which electric power is harvested from waste heat energy. The efficiency of a thermoelectric device is determined by the dimensionless figure of merit ZT = σS²T/k where σ is the electrical conductivity, S is the thermopower, k is the thermal conductivity, and T is the average temperature. In this thesis we investigate the use of nanostructuring, which has been known to lead to significant reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity to maximise the figure of merit.  One of the most successful bulk thermoelectric materials is Bi₂Te₃, with a ZT of unity at room temperature. Here we investigate the effects of nanostructuring on the thermoelectric properties of Bi₂Te₃. Sub-100 nm ₂Te₃ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and the figure of merit was found to be ZT ~ 5X10⁻⁵ at room temperature. The effect of a ligand exchange treatment to replace the long chain organic ligand on the as-synthesized nanoparticles with a short chain alkyl ligand was explored. After ligand exchange treatment with hydrazine the figure of merit of sub-100 nm Bi₂Te₃ was found to increase by two fold to ZT ~ 1X10⁻⁴ at room temperature. Overall the figure of merit is low compared to other nanostructured Bi₂Te₃, this was attributed to the extremely low electrical conductivity. The thermopower and thermal conductivity were found to be ~96 μVK⁻¹ and ~0.38 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 300 K respectively, which show improvements over other nanostructured Bi₂Te₃.  Further optimisation of the figure of merit was also investigated by incorporating Cu, Ni and Co dopants. The most successful of these attempts was Co in which 14.5% Co relative to Bi was successfully incorporated into sub-100 nm Bi₂Te₃. The figure of merit of nanostructured Bi₁.₇₁Co₀.₂₉Te₁.₇₁ alloy was found to increase by 40% to a ZT ~ 1.4X10⁻⁴ at room temperature. Although overall the figure of merit is low, the effect of Co alloying and hydrazine treatment shows potential as a route to optimise the figure of merit.  A potential novel material for thermoelectrics applications is inorganicorganic perovskite single crystals. Here we report a synthetic strategy to successfully grow large millimetre scale single crystals of MAPbBr₃₋xClx, FAPbBr₃₋xClx, and MAPb₁-xSnxBr₃ (MA = methylammonium and FA = formamidinium) using inverse temperature crystallisation (ITC) in a matter of days. This is the first reported case of mixed Br/Cl single crystals with a FA cation and mixed Pb/Sn based perovskites grown using ITC. The bandgap of these single crystals was successfully tuned by altering the halide and metal site composition. It was found that single crystals of FAPbBr₃₋xClx were prone to surface degradation with increased synthesis time. This surface degradation was observed to be reversible by placing the single crystals in an antisolvent such as chloroform.  A tentative model was proposed to analyse the IV characteristics of the single crystal perovskites in order to extract mobilities and diffusion lengths. The MAPbBr₃ and MAPbBr₂.₅Cl₀.₅ single crystal mobilities were found to be between 30-390 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and 10-100 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ respectively, the diffusion lengths were found to be between 2-8 μm and 1-4 μm respectively. This is an improvement over polycrystalline thin film perovskites and comparable to other single crystal perovskites. The conductance of MAPb₁-xSnxBr₃ based perovskites was found to increase by 2 orders of magnitude even with just 1% of Sn incorporated. The thermal conductivity of MAPbBr₃ single crystals was found to be ~1.12 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature which is reasonable low for single crystals, however no other thermoelectric properties could be measured due to the self cleaving nature of the single crystals with decreasing temperature and the high resistivity of the material.</p>

Achieving high room-temperature thermoelectric performance in cubic AgCuTe

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4790-4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Hangtian Zhu ◽  
Yi Niu ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
Shaowei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoelectric Performance ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion

Average ZT of near unity provides a competitive thermoelectric conversion efficiency of ∼12% at low temperature difference of 400 K.

The Effect of Physical Conditions on the Transportation of Peripheral Blood Progenitor (PBPC) Products.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2315-2315
Author(s):  
Jan Jansen ◽  
Pamela L Nolan ◽  
Margaret I Reeves ◽  
Luke Paul Akard ◽  
James M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The viability of transported PBPC products has not been studied extensively. Commonly, PBPC products are transported at a concentration of &gt;200 x109/l in containers with −20oC ice packs. Continuous temperature monitoring has shown that the temperatures of these products stays at &lt;10oC for less than 24 hours and reaches room temperature by 48 hours. Samples of freshly collected PBPC from 12 allogeneic donors were studied for various viability parameters during storage for up to 96 hours. The effects of storage time, concentration of cells, temperature, and storage in gas-permeable bags were studied. Trypan-blue exclusion and double fluorescence for 7-AAD and CD34 were used for viability assessment. Over a wide range of temperatures and storage times, the viable CD34+ assay was more sensitive to damage than trypan-blue exclusion (mean Δ 10.7%, p&lt;0.0001 in paired t-test). The viable CD34+ assay was routinely used in parallel with CFU-GM cultures. No difference in survival of viable CD34+ cells or CFU-GM was found whether cells were incubated for 48hr in test-tubes or in gas-permeable bags. When cells at 200 x 109/l were incubated for 48hr at room temperature, the mean viability decreased to 19% and 6% of starting values of viable CD34+ cells and CFU-GM, respectively. Serial dilution to 25 x 109/l improved the survival to 81% and 51% respectively. Similarly, incubation at lower temperatures led to better survival of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM: 67% and 18% at 17oC, 80% and 50% at 13oC, and 95% and 86% at 4oC. At 200 x109/l and 22oC the survivals of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM were 74% and 21% at 24hr, 19% and 7% at 48hr, 7% and 6% at 72hr, and 3% and 13% at 96hr. The effects of concentration, temperature and duration of storage were all significant (p&lt;0.05). Transportation at 4oC leads to the best survival of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM, in particular at a low concentration. If transportation at a slightly higher temperature is necessary, dilution of the PBPC product will enhance the survival of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM. Proliferative assays such as CFU-GM appear the most sensitive parameters of PBPC survival, and should be included in the validation process of PBPC transportation.

Thermoelectric Properties of Al Doped ZnO Thin Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Hao Zheng ◽  
Ping Fan ◽  
Guang Xing Liang ◽  
Peng Juan Liu ◽  
Peng Ju Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion ◽  
Thermoelectric Thin Film ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in thermoelectric materials during the last decades and it is found that thermoelectric thin film materials have high thermoelectric conversion efficiency. ZnO based thermoelectric materials, such as ZnO:Al (AZO), are considered as the most promising oxide materials for high-temperature, nontoxic and low-cost thermoelectric application. In this work, the effects of annealing temperature on the thermoelectric properties of AZO thin films prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering were investigated. The results indicate that the Seebeck coefficient of AZO thin films increases and the resistivity decreases as increasing of annealing temperature. Among the prepared AZO films in this work, the maximum absolute value of Seebeck coefficient is 460 μV/K and the minimum resistivity is 3.25×10-4 Ω·m. The sample annealed at 773 K has a maximum power factor value of 1.46×10-4 W/mK2 at 620 K with a moderate Seebeck coefficient of-355 μV/K and a electrical conductivity of 1.16×103 S/m.

Lanthanide Based Ternary Intermetallics as Advanced Thermoelectric Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kurosaki ◽  
Takeyuki Sekimoto ◽  
Kenta Kawano ◽  
Hiroaki Muta ◽  
Shinsuke Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Large Power

AbstractPolycrystalline ingots of the lanthanide based ternary intermetallics: LaNiSb, GdNiSb, ErNiSb and ErPdSb were prepared and characterized. The thermoelectric properties of ErNiSb and ErPdSb were measured at high temperatures. We succeeded in preparing the single phase ingots of ErNiSb and ErPdSb, while the ingots of LaNiSb and GdNiSb contain appreciable quantities of the impurity phases. ErNiSb and ErPdSb crystallize the MgAgAs-type structure (half-Heusler structure). ErNiSb and ErPdSb indicate positive values of the Seebeck coefficient. The values at room temperature are 36 and 240 micro VK-1 for ErNiSb and ErPdSb, respectively. The electrical resistivity of ErNiSb and ErPdSb decreases with temperature, indicating semiconductor-like behavior. ErPdSb exhibits a relatively large power factor 1.5x10-3 Wm-1K-2 at around 700 K, which is approximately two times larger than that of ErNiSb.

High Coefficient of Performance Quantum Well Thermoelectric Nano Cooler

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velimir Jovanovic ◽  
Saeid Ghamaty ◽  
Daniel Krommenhoek ◽  
John C. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Good Agreement

Nanotechnology quantum well thermoelectric materials have been developed that have high Figures of Merit and that can attain very high coefficients of performance (COP) to satisfy the requirements for cooling room temperature detectors. Hi-Z Technology, Inc. (Hi-Z) has developed Si/SiGe solid state quantum well (QW) thermoelectric (TE) materials that have demonstrated a Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric properties that provide &gt;4X higher conversion efficiencies than the current bulk TE materials. With the new Si/SiGe QW materials, cooling systems can be designed that are much smaller, quieter, lighter weight, and that have much reduced power requirements than current TE materials or presently used vapor-compression systems. On-going development for these new QW TE materials has demonstrated high-efficiency TE materials for power generation applications ranging from providing power for wireless sensors to converting waste heat from diesel engine exhaust directly to electricity and thus reducing the load on the alternator and reducing fuel consumption. Now, cooling devices with a high coefficient of performance (COP) are feasible and are being designed for room temperature detector cooling applications. Multi-layer nanocomposite QW films (each 10 nm thick) were fabricated to demonstrate that Si/SiGe QW materials can be deposited on a low thermal conductivity substrate and provide at least the desired COP over the required temperature range of 250K to 350K in a single-stage nano cooler. These QW thermoelectric materials can also be implemented into commercial equipment in the air conditioning and refrigeration applications, thus eliminating fluids, ozone-impacting refrigerants and compressors. Thermoelectric properties of QW thin-film materials have been measured at Hi-Z, several universities and national labs. The conversion efficiency of QW materials has been measured at Hi-Z in two different test couples and in a two-couple device. In all cases, good agreement was obtained between the measurements and prior analytical predictions. Cooling performance was measured in a test with one QW TE element and good agreement was obtained between measurements and analytical predictions. TE properties of the Si/SiGe QW material used in the analysis and design of the subject TE nano cooler were recently independently verified at University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper deals with the analysis of a high COP QW TE single-stage nano cooler for room temperature detectors and with the improved TE properties obtained with the QW thin-film materials resulting in such high COP designs.

Promising room temperature thermoelectric conversion efficiency of zinc-blende AgI from first principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 015501
Author(s):  
Pınar Bulut ◽  
Berna Beceren ◽  
Serbülent Yıldırım ◽  
Cem Sevik ◽  
Tanju Gürel
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion ◽  
Zinc Blende

Extremely Low Thermal Conductivity Substances as Novel Thermoelectric Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Yamanaka ◽  
Ken Kurosaki ◽  
Atsuko Kosuga ◽  
Keita Goto ◽  
Hiroaki Muta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermoelectric Figure ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thallium Compounds ◽  
Thallium Tellurides

ABSTRACTWe have prepared polycrystalline bulk samples of various thallium compounds and measured their thermoelectric properties. The most remarkable point of the thermoelectric properties of the thallium compounds is the extremely low thermal conductivity. The state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials such as Bi2Te3 and TAGS materials indicate relatively low the thermal conductivity, around 1.5 W/m/K. However, the thermal conductivity of the thallium compounds is below 0.5 W/m/K; especially that of silver thallium tellurides is around 0.25 W/m/K at room temperature. This extremely low thermal conductivity leads a great advantage for an enhancement of the thermoelectric performance. In this paper, we report on the properties of some thallium compounds selected for study as novel thermoelectric materials. One of these compounds seems to have a thermoelectric figure of merit comparable to those of state-of-the-art materials.

Effect of cracking on the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 045105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Zhang ◽  
B. L. Wang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. K. Du ◽  
C. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion
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