Redox Biology of Melatonin: Discriminating between Circadian and Non-circadian Functions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudiger Hardeland
Keyword(s):  
Redox Biology

scholarly journals Targeting Autophagy to Counteract Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Federico Pietrocola ◽  
José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Shed Light

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) operate as key regulators of cellular homeostasis within a physiological range of concentrations, yet they turn into cytotoxic entities when their levels exceed a threshold limit. Accordingly, ROS are an important etiological cue for obesity, which in turn represents a major risk factor for multiple diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Therefore, the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the obese phenotype by targeting oxidative stress is of great interest for the scientific community. To this end, it is of high importance to shed light on the mechanisms through which cells curtail ROS production or limit their toxic effects, in order to harness them in anti-obesity therapy. In this review, we specifically discuss the role of autophagy in redox biology, focusing on its implication in the pathogenesis of obesity. Because autophagy is specifically triggered in response to redox imbalance as a quintessential cytoprotective mechanism, maneuvers based on the activation of autophagy hold promises of efficacy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related morbidities.

scholarly journals POS0859 DEEP PHENOTYPING OF DERMATOMYOSITIS BASED ON LIPID FERROPTOSIS-RELATED GENES BY MACHINE LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 684.1-684
Author(s):  
J. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. X. Zhang ◽  
R. Zhao ◽  
J. Qiao ◽  
M. T. Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Score Model ◽  
Validation Set

Background:Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with heterogeneous clinical manifestation that raise challenges regarding diagnosis and therapy1. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death that is the nexus between metabolism, redox biology, and rheumatic immune diseases2. However, how ferroptosis maintains the balance of lymphocyte T cells and affect disease activity in DM is unclear.Objectives:To investigate an ferroptosis-related multiple gene expression signature for classification by assessing the global gene expression profile, and calculate the lymphocyte T cells status in the different subsets.Methods:Gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle from DM samples were acquired from GEO database. GSE143323 (30 patients and 20 HCs) was selected as the training set. The GSE3307 contained 21 DM patients and was selected as the validation set. The 60 ferroptosis genes were obtained from previous literature3. The intersection of the global gene and ferroptosis genes was considered the set of significant G-Ferroptosis genes for further analysis. The “NMF” (R-package) was applied as an unsupervised clustering method for sample classification by using G-Ferroptosis genes expression microarray data from the training datasets. An ferroptosis score model was constructed. The performance of the ferroptosis genes-based risk score model constructed by the DM training set was validated in the batch-1 and batch-2 DM sets. Normalized ferroptosis genes training data was used to compare the ssGSEA scores of gene sets between the high risk and low risk group. The statistical software package R (version 4.0.3) was used for all analyses. P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:We selected 54 significant G-Ferroptosis genes for further analysis in training set. There were 2 distinct subtypes (high-ferroptosis-score groups and low-ferroptosis-score groups) identified in G-Ferroptosis genes cohort which were also identified in validation datasets (Fig.1A, C, D). Metallothionein 1G (MT1G) was a characteristic gene of low-ferroptosis-score group. The characteristic genes of high-ferroptosis-score group were acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and aconitase 1(ACO1) (Fig.1B). Patients in high-ferroptosis-score group had a lower level of Tregs compared with that of low-ferroptosis-score patients in both training and validation set (P <0.05, Fig.1E).Conclusion:The biological process of ferroptosis is associated with the lever of Tregs, suggesting the process of ferroptosis may be involved in the disease progression of DM. Identificating ferroptosis-related features for DM might provide a new idea for clinical treatment.References:[1]DeWane ME, Waldman R, Lu J. Dermatomyositis: Clinical features and pathogenesis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2020;82(2):267-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1309 [published Online First: 2019/07/08].[2]Liang C, Zhang X, Yang M, et al. Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Inducers for Cancer Therapy. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla) 2019;31(51):e1904197. doi: 10.1002/adma.201904197 [published Online First: 2019/10/09].[3]Liang JY, Wang DS, Lin HC, et al. A Novel Ferroptosis-related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International journal of biological sciences 2020;16(13):2430-41. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45050 [published Online First: 2020/08/08].Acknowledgements:This project was supported by National Science Foundation of China (82001740).Open Fund from the Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) (KLCP2019) and Innovation Plan for Postgraduate Education in Shanxi Province (2020BY078).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Understanding the Redox Biology of Selenium in the Search of Targeted Cancer Therapies

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Stolwijk ◽  
Rohan Garje ◽  
Jessica C. Sieren ◽  
Garry R. Buettner ◽  
Yousef Zakharia
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace nutrient required for optimal human health. It has long been suggested that selenium has anti-cancer properties. However, clinical trials have shown inconclusive results on the potential of Se to prevent cancer. The suggested role of Se in the prevention of cancer is centered around its role as an antioxidant. Recently, the potential of selenium as a drug rather than a supplement has been uncovered. Selenium compounds can generate reactive oxygen species that could enhance the treatment of cancer. Transformed cells have high oxidative distress. As normal cells have a greater capacity to meet oxidative challenges than tumor cells, increasing the flux of oxidants with high dose selenium treatment could result in cancer-specific cell killing. If the availability of Se is limited, supplementation of Se can increase the expression and activities of Se-dependent proteins and enzymes. In cell culture, selenium deficiency is often overlooked. We review the importance of achieving normal selenium biology and how Se deficiency can lead to adverse effects. We examine the vital role of selenium in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Finally, we examine the properties of Se-compounds to better understand how each can be used to address different research questions.

scholarly journals The emerging roles of somatic globins in cardiovascular redox biology and beyond

Redox Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizanur M. Rahaman ◽  
Adam C. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Redox Biology

Validating personalized redox biology: the effect of targeted and non-targeted antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. S98
Author(s):  
Nikos Margaritelis ◽  
Anastasios Theodorou ◽  
Vassilis Paschalis ◽  
Antonios Kyparos ◽  
Michalis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Redox Biology

Cardioprotective effects of physical exercise on redox biology in mice exposed to hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Fernanda Dal’Maso Camera ◽  
Bruna Gianatassio Pozzi ◽  
Carla de Souza Paganini ◽  
Helen Rebelo Sorato ◽  
Fernanda Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

scholarly journals The differential role of reactive oxygen species in early and late stages of cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. R646-R653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Assi
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Late Stages

The large doses of vitamins C and E and β-carotene used to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damages in cancerous tissue have produced disappointing and contradictory results. This therapeutic conundrum was attributed to the double-faced role of ROS, notably, their ability to induce either proliferation or apoptosis of cancer cells. However, for a ROS-inhibitory approach to be effective, it must target ROS when they induce proliferation rather than apoptosis. On the basis of recent advances in redox biology, this review underlined a differential regulation of prooxidant and antioxidant system, respective to the stage of cancer. At early precancerous and neoplastic stages, antioxidant activity decreases and ROS appear to promote cancer initiation via inducing oxidative damage and base pair substitution mutations in prooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as RAS and TP53, respectively. Whereas in late stages of cancer progression, tumor cells escape apoptosis by producing high levels of intracellular antioxidants, like NADPH and GSH, via the pentose phosphate pathway to buffer the excessive production of ROS and related intratumor oxidative injuries. Therefore, antioxidants should be prohibited in patients with advanced stages of cancer and/or undergoing anticancer therapies. Interestingly, the biochemical and biophysical properties of some polyphenols allow them to selectively recognize tumor cells. This characteristic was exploited to design and deliver nanoparticles coated with low doses of polyphenols and containing chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor-bearing animals. First results are encouraging, which may revolutionize the conventional use of antioxidants in cancer.

scholarly journals Redox Index of Cys-Thiol Residues of Serum Apolipoprotein E and Its Diagnostic Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Yamauchi ◽  
Yasushi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Band Shift ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract We explored the proper index for estimating the redox status of Cys-thiol of serum apolipoprotein E (apoE), named “redox-IDX-apoE,” which is necessary to understand the redox biology of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The fractions of reduced form (red-), reversible oxidized form (roxi-), and irreversibly oxidized form (oxi-) apoE were measured by a band-shift assay. Candidates of redox-IDX-apoE were determined by calculating the values of these fractions and total apoE concentration. The ratios of roxi-apoE to total-apoE (roxi/total), red-apoE to roxi-apoE (red/roxi), and [red-apoE + oxi-apoE] to roxi-apoE ([red + oxi]/roxi) were independent of age and sex. Roxi/total showed significant negative correlations with serum triglyceride (TG) and HbA1c levels, while red/roxi and [red + oxi]/roxi showed significant positive correlations with them. However, red/roxi and [red + oxi]/roxi in the patients with atherosclerosis were significantly lower than those in control subjects, although serum TG and HbA1c levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The redox status of serum apoE-Cys-thiol is closely involved in the metabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and glucose and may vary depending on the difference in pathological conditions. The appropriate usage of these ratios could be helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of age-related diseases.

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