Congenital Anomalies of Soft Tissues: Birth Defects Depending on Tissue Engineering Solutions and Present Advances in Regenerative Medicine

Over the past decades, age-related pathologies have increased abreast the aging population worldwide. The increased age of the population indicates that new tools, such as biomaterials/scaffolds for damaged tissues, which display high efficiency, effectively and in a limited period of time, for the regeneration of the body's tissue are needed. Indeed, scaffolds can be used as templates for three-dimensional tissue growth in order to promote the tissue healing stimulating the body's own regenerative mechanisms. In tissue engineering, several types of biomaterials are employed, such as bioceramics including calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses, and glass–ceramics. These scaffolds seem to have a high potential as biomaterials in regenerative medicine. In addition, in conjunction with other materials, such as polymers, ceramic scaffolds may be used to manufacture composite scaffolds characterized by high biocompatibility, mechanical efficiency and load-bearing capabilities that render these biomaterials suitable for regenerative medicine applications. Usually, bioceramics have been used to repair hard tissues, such as bone and dental defects. More recently, in the field of soft tissue engineering, this form of scaffold has also shown promising applications. Indeed, soft tissues are continuously exposed to damages, such as burns or mechanical traumas, tumors and degenerative pathology, and, thereby, thousands of people need remedial interventions such as biomaterials-based therapies. It is known that scaffolds can affect the ability to bind, proliferate and differentiate cells similar to those of autologous tissues. Therefore, it is important to investigate the interaction between bioceramics and somatic/stem cells derived from soft tissues in order to promote tissue healing. Biomimetic scaffolds are frequently employed as drug-delivery system using several therapeutic molecules to increase their biological performance, leading to ultimate products with innovative functionalities. This review provides an overview of essential requirements for soft tissue engineering biomaterials. Data on recent progresses of porous bioceramics and composites for tissue repair are also presented.

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Generation of 3D Nanofiber Structure by Divergence Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering Scaffold

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2018-6543 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yingge Zhou ◽

George Z. Tan

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Inclination Angle ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Electric Force ◽

Fiber Distribution ◽

Cytoskeletal Organization ◽

Cell Microenvironment ◽

Aligned Nanofibers

Fabrication of biomimetic cell microenvironment closely resembling the native tissues is critical for regenerative medicine. It remains challenging to create a 3D fibrous microstructure of extracellular matrix on a clinical-relevant scale. In this paper we presented a novel divergence electrospinning strategy for 3D nanofiber structure fabrication. The electrospinning induced by a double-bevel collector was able to quickly generate a multi-layer scaffold, comprised of uniaxially aligned nanofibers, at centimeter scales in all dimensions. The results showed that the internal nanofiber distribution was largely determined by the inclination angle of the axisymmetric bevels of the collector. A larger inclination angle alleviated the polarization of the fiber distribution due to a lower electric force gradient between the spinneret and the bevel surfaces. This technique can be applied in engineering of musculoskeletal soft tissues in which fibrous cytoskeletal organization is critical.

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Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics: A Versatile Platform to Generate Fiber-Reinforced Hydrogels for 3D Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3518

Author(s):

Benedikt Schäfer ◽

Caroline Emonts ◽

Nikola Glimpel ◽

Tim Ruhl ◽

Astrid S. Obrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Two Photon Microscopy ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Spacer Fabrics

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess huge potential for regenerative medicine. For tissue engineering approaches, scaffolds and hydrogels are routinely used as extracellular matrix (ECM) carriers. The present study investigated the feasibility of using textile-reinforced hydrogels with adjustable porosity and elasticity as a versatile platform for soft tissue engineering. A warp-knitted poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) scaffold was developed and characterized with respect to morphology, porosity, and mechanics. The textile carrier was infiltrated with hydrogels and cells resulting in a fiber-reinforced matrix with adjustable biological as well as mechanical cues. Finally, the potential of this platform technology for regenerative medicine was tested on the example of fat tissue engineering. MSCs were seeded on the construct and exposed to adipogenic differentiation medium. Cell invasion was detected by two-photon microscopy, proliferation was measured by the PrestoBlue assay. Successful adipogenesis was demonstrated using Oil Red O staining as well as measurement of secreted adipokines. In conclusion, the given microenvironment featured optimal mechanical as well as biological properties for proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Besides fat tissue, the textile-reinforced hydrogel system with adjustable mechanics could be a promising platform for future fabrication of versatile soft tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, or muscle.

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Electrospun Nanofibers for Improved Angiogenesis: Promises for Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10081609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simin Nazarnezhad ◽

Francesco Baino ◽

Hae-Won Kim ◽

Thomas J. Webster ◽

Saeid Kargozar

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽

Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Angiogenesis (or the development of new blood vessels) is a key event in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; thus, a number of biomaterials have been developed and combined with stem cells and/or bioactive molecules to produce three-dimensional (3D) pro-angiogenic constructs. Among the various biomaterials, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds offer great opportunities for pro-angiogenic approaches in tissue repair and regeneration. Nanofibers made of natural and synthetic polymers are often used to incorporate bioactive components (e.g., bioactive glasses (BGs)) and load biomolecules (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) that exert pro-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, seeding of specific types of stem cells (e.g., endothelial progenitor cells) onto nanofibrous scaffolds is considered as a valuable alternative for inducing angiogenesis. The effectiveness of these strategies has been extensively examined both in vitro and in vivo and the outcomes have shown promise in the reconstruction of hard and soft tissues (mainly bone and skin, respectively). However, the translational of electrospun scaffolds with pro-angiogenic molecules or cells is only at its beginning, requiring more research to prove their usefulness in the repair and regeneration of other highly-vascularized vital tissues and organs. This review will cover the latest progress in designing and developing pro-angiogenic electrospun nanofibers and evaluate their usefulness in a tissue engineering and regenerative medicine setting.

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Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration

Biomimetics ◽

10.3390/biomimetics5040051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Akshaya Upadhyay ◽

Sangeeth Pillai ◽

Parisa Khayambashi ◽

Hisham Sabri ◽

Kyungjun T. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Key Terms

Biomimetic materials for hard and soft tissues have advanced in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in dentistry. To examine these recent advances, we searched Medline (OVID) with the key terms “biomimetics”, “biomaterials”, and “biomimicry” combined with MeSH terms for “dentistry” and limited the date of publication between 2010–2020. Over 500 articles were obtained under clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, and systematic reviews developed in the past 10 years in three major areas of dentistry: restorative, orofacial surgery, and periodontics. Clinical studies and systematic reviews along with hand-searched preclinical studies as potential therapies have been included. They support the proof-of-concept that novel treatments are in the pipeline towards ground-breaking clinical therapies for orofacial bone regeneration, tooth regeneration, repair of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissue engineering, and dental implants. Biomimicry enhances the clinical outcomes and calls for an interdisciplinary approach integrating medicine, bioengineering, biotechnology, and computational sciences to advance the current research to clinics. We conclude that dentistry has come a long way apropos of regenerative medicine; still, there are vast avenues to endeavour, seeking inspiration from other facets in biomedical research.

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Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine

Forum Zakażeń ◽

10.15374/fz2015052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

Barbara Różalska ◽

Bartłomiej Micota ◽

Małgorzata Paszkiewicz ◽

Beata Sadowska

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine

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Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190705155854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (38) ◽

pp. 6834-6850 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽

Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽

Abdurahman Essa ◽

Sidi A. Bencherif ◽

Adnan Memic

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Gene Delivery ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Drug And Gene Delivery ◽

Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

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