Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration

Biomimetic materials for hard and soft tissues have advanced in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in dentistry. To examine these recent advances, we searched Medline (OVID) with the key terms “biomimetics”, “biomaterials”, and “biomimicry” combined with MeSH terms for “dentistry” and limited the date of publication between 2010–2020. Over 500 articles were obtained under clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, and systematic reviews developed in the past 10 years in three major areas of dentistry: restorative, orofacial surgery, and periodontics. Clinical studies and systematic reviews along with hand-searched preclinical studies as potential therapies have been included. They support the proof-of-concept that novel treatments are in the pipeline towards ground-breaking clinical therapies for orofacial bone regeneration, tooth regeneration, repair of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissue engineering, and dental implants. Biomimicry enhances the clinical outcomes and calls for an interdisciplinary approach integrating medicine, bioengineering, biotechnology, and computational sciences to advance the current research to clinics. We conclude that dentistry has come a long way apropos of regenerative medicine; still, there are vast avenues to endeavour, seeking inspiration from other facets in biomedical research.

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Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190701155737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 1783-1790 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosario Pastor ◽

Josep A. Tur

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

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Publication Trends in Rheumatology Systematic Reviews and Randomized Clinical Trials, 1995–2017

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.200593 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jrheum.200593

Author(s):

Michael S. Putman ◽

Alexander Chaitoff ◽

Joshua D. Niforatos

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Publication Trends ◽

Academic Pressure ◽

Technological Advances

The growth of systematic reviews and metaanalyses (SRMA) has outpaced the growth of randomized clinical trials (RCT) in many medicine subspecialties1. This may reflect technological advances in SRMA production, fewer barriers to publish, or academic pressure to produce citations2.

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Bioactive Materials for Soft Tissue Repair

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.613787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisa Mazzoni ◽

Maria Rosa Iaquinta ◽

Carmen Lanzillotti ◽

Chiara Mazziotta ◽

Martina Maritati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Calcium Phosphates ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Tissue Healing ◽

Soft Tissue Engineering

Over the past decades, age-related pathologies have increased abreast the aging population worldwide. The increased age of the population indicates that new tools, such as biomaterials/scaffolds for damaged tissues, which display high efficiency, effectively and in a limited period of time, for the regeneration of the body's tissue are needed. Indeed, scaffolds can be used as templates for three-dimensional tissue growth in order to promote the tissue healing stimulating the body's own regenerative mechanisms. In tissue engineering, several types of biomaterials are employed, such as bioceramics including calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses, and glass–ceramics. These scaffolds seem to have a high potential as biomaterials in regenerative medicine. In addition, in conjunction with other materials, such as polymers, ceramic scaffolds may be used to manufacture composite scaffolds characterized by high biocompatibility, mechanical efficiency and load-bearing capabilities that render these biomaterials suitable for regenerative medicine applications. Usually, bioceramics have been used to repair hard tissues, such as bone and dental defects. More recently, in the field of soft tissue engineering, this form of scaffold has also shown promising applications. Indeed, soft tissues are continuously exposed to damages, such as burns or mechanical traumas, tumors and degenerative pathology, and, thereby, thousands of people need remedial interventions such as biomaterials-based therapies. It is known that scaffolds can affect the ability to bind, proliferate and differentiate cells similar to those of autologous tissues. Therefore, it is important to investigate the interaction between bioceramics and somatic/stem cells derived from soft tissues in order to promote tissue healing. Biomimetic scaffolds are frequently employed as drug-delivery system using several therapeutic molecules to increase their biological performance, leading to ultimate products with innovative functionalities. This review provides an overview of essential requirements for soft tissue engineering biomaterials. Data on recent progresses of porous bioceramics and composites for tissue repair are also presented.

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Quality assessment of studies included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews

10.1101/2020.10.10.20210518 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi ◽

Pouria Iranparvar ◽

Maryam Shakiba ◽

Erfan Shamsoddin ◽

Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Oral Health ◽

High Risk ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Cochrane Review ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cochrane Reviews ◽

Performance Bias

AbstractObjectivesThe Risk of Bias (RoB) and other characteristics of randomized clinical trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were assessed.Study Design and SettingsAll the trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were examined. The RoB was evaluated for all the included clinical trials according to the Cochrane review standards. The Overall Risk of Bias (ORoB) was defined in this study based on the criteria for determining the overall bias in Cochrane’s RoB tool-v2. Descriptive analyses were carried out to determine the frequency of each intended variable.ResultsA total of 2565 studies were included in our analysis. The majority of the studies (n=1600) had sample sizes of 50 or higher. As for blinding, 907 studies were labelled as double-blind. Performance bias showed the highest rate of high risk (31.4%). Almost half of the studies had a high ORoB compared to 11.1% with low ORoB. The studies that used placebos had higher low ORoB (14.8% vs. 10.7%). The double-blind studies had the highest low ORoB (23.6%). The studies with a cross-over design had the highest low ORoB (28.8%).ConclusionOverall, the RoB for the studies on dentistry and oral health in Cochrane reviews was deemed high.

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Vitamin D Food Fortification and Nutritional Status in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2766 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima ◽

Beatriz da Cruz Santos ◽

Concepción Maria Aguilera ◽

Analícia Rocha Santos Freire ◽

Paulo Ricardo Saquete Martins-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Food Fortification ◽

Fortified Foods ◽

Eligibility Criteria

Children are in the risk group for developing hypovitaminosis D. Several strategies are used to reduce this risk. Among these, fortification of foods with vitamin D (25(OH)D) has contributed to the achievement of nutritional needs. This systematic review aims to discuss food fortification as a strategy for maintenance or recovery of nutritional status related to vitamin D in children. The work was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42018052974). Randomized clinical trials with children up to 11 years old, who were offered vitamin D-fortified foods, and who presented 25(OH)D concentrations were used as eligibility criteria. After the selection stages, five studies were included, totaling 792 children of both sexes and aged between two and 11 years. Interventions offered 300–880 IU of vitamin D per day, for a period of 1.6–9 months, using fortified dairy products. In four of the five studies, there was an increase in the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D with the consumption of these foods; additionally, most children reached or maintained sufficiency status. Moreover, the consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods proved to be safe, with no concentrations of 25(OH)D > 250 nmol/L. Based on the above, the fortification of foods with vitamin D can help maintain or recover the nutritional status of this vitamin in children aged 2–11 years. However, it is necessary to perform additional randomized clinical trials in order to establish optimal doses of fortification, according to the peculiarities of each region.

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Longevidade de dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Journal of Dentistry & Public Health ◽

10.17267/2596-3368dentistry.v12i1.3679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Viviane Figueiredo ◽

José Luiz Costa Neto ◽

Julia Guedes Alcoforado Souza ◽

Kamila Azoubel Barreto

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Failure Mode ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dental Restoration ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth

OBJECTIVE: Review the literature in an integrative way, regarding a clinical longevity of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiberglass and metallic pins and with fixed crowns, based survival factors and failure mode. METHODOLOGY: A search was carried out in the Lilacs and Pubmed databases, with the following descriptors: dental restoration (dental restoration; restauración dental), dental pins (dental pins; pins dentales), clinical study (clinical study; estudio clínico). The inclusion criteria were: articles that addressed the variables of clinical longevity, survival rate and failure mode of metallic pins and fiberglass, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2010 and 2020, such as clinical trials with or without randomization and systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. And, the exclusion criteria were: narrative literature reviews, clinical cases, in vitro and silico studies , letters to the editor and opinion articles. RESULTS: Combining the search methods, 06 articles were identified, of which 04 articles were randomized clinical trials and 02 articles were systematic reviews. The included studies show a high level of scientific evidence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The present integrative literature review, regarding the clinical longevity of teeth endodontically treated and restored with metal and fiberglass pins, observed that the clinical results are still conflicting in relation to the factors of survival and failure mode. And that, the remaining coronary structure seems to be more important for the success of the rehabilitation than the material of the pin, however the supporting evidence is limited.

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Analysis of the evidence of efficacy and safety of over-the-counter cough medications registered in Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502010000100016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 135-145

Author(s):

Adriano Max Moreira Reis ◽

Albert Figueras

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Essential Information ◽

Health Database ◽

Meta Analyses

The objective of this study was to analyze the level of evidence regarding the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications registered in Brazil. The National Health Surveillance Agency database was used to identify the drugs. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies on safety were searched on the Medline baseline, the Cochrane Library and SIETES (System of Essential Information in Therapeutics and Health; database in Spanish). Most drugs (62.5%) were sold as a fixed-dose combination of two or more drugs. Randomized clinical trials were found for only three drugs: bromhexine, dextromethorphan and guaifenesin. No clinical trials were found for fixed-dose combinations. Systematic reviews on Cochrane did not report any evidence in favor of or against the effectiveness of cough drugs. Efficacy is also unclear, especially regarding fixed-dose combinations. The evidence for the efficacy of OTC cough medications available in Brazil is poor due to the lack of quality studies. Pharmacovigilance of OTC cough medications should be encouraged.

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