Letter to the Editor: Can Viral RNAs Become Attached to the Cell Surface? Potential Consequences of a Hypothetical and Novel Way

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior ◽  
Eduardo Furtado Flores
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Letter To The Editor

scholarly journals Defective influenza A virus RNA products mediate MAVS-dependent upregulation of human leukocyte antigen class I proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Munir A. Rahim ◽  
Brendon D. Parsons ◽  
Emma L. Price ◽  
Patrick D. Slaine ◽  
Becca L. Chilvers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen

ABSTRACTInfluenza A virus (IAV) increases presentation of class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins that limit antiviral responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, but molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We observed that infection with A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 (H1N1) IAV significantly increased presentation of HLA-B, -C and -E on lung epithelial cells. Virus entry was not sufficient to induce HLA upregulation, because UV-inactivated virus had no effect. We found that HLA upregulation was elicited by aberrant internally-deleted viral RNAs (vRNAs) known as mini viral RNAs (mvRNAs) and defective interfering RNAs (DI RNAs), which bind to retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and initiate mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein-dependent antiviral interferon (IFN) responses. Indeed, MAVS was required for HLA upregulation in response to IAV infection or ectopic mvRNA/DI RNA expression. The effect was partially due to paracrine signalling, as we observed that IAV infection or mvRNA/DI RNA-expression stimulated production of IFN-β and IFN-λ1, and conditioned media from these cells elicited a modest increase in HLA surface levels in naïve epithelial cells. HLA upregulation in response to aberrant viral RNAs could be prevented by chemical blockade of IFN receptor signal transduction. While HLA upregulation would seem to be advantageous to the virus, it is kept in check by the viral non-structural 1 (NS1) protein; we determined that NS1 limits cell-intrinsic and paracrine mechanisms of HLA upregulation. Taken together, our findings indicate that aberrant IAV RNAs stimulate HLA presentation, which may aid viral evasion of innate immunity.IMPORTANCEHuman leukocyte antigens (HLA) are cell surface proteins that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection by engaging with receptors on immune cells. Many viruses have evolved ways to evade host immune responses by modulating HLA expression and/or processing. Here, we provide evidence that aberrant RNA products of influenza virus genome replication can trigger RIG-I/MAVS-dependent remodeling of the cell surface, increasing surface presentation of HLA proteins known to inhibit the activation of an immune cell known as a natural killer (NK) cell. While this HLA upregulation would seem to be advantageous to the virus, it is kept in check by the viral non-structural 1 (NS1) protein, which limits RIG-I activation and interferon production by the infected cell.

scholarly journals Polar/apolar compounds induce leukemia cell differentiation by modulating cell-surface potential.

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 5858-5862 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arcangeli ◽  
M. Carla ◽  
M. R. Del Bene ◽  
A. Becchetti ◽  
E. Wanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Leukemia Cell

scholarly journals Hydrogen ion modulation of Ca channel current in cardiac ventricular cells. Evidence for multiple mechanisms.

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Krafte ◽  
R S Kass
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Potential Theory ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Current Amplitude ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Additional Mechanism ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Ca Channel Current

We have investigated the effects of H ions on (L-type) Ca channel current in isolated ventricular cells. We find that the current amplitude is enhanced in solutions that are alkaline relative to pH 7.4 and reduced in solutions acidic to this pH. We measured pH0-induced shifts in channel gating and analyzed our results in terms of surface potential theory. The shifts are well described by changes in surface potential caused by the binding of H ions to negative charges on the cell surface. The theory predicts a pK of 5.8 for this binding. Gating shifts alone cannot explain all of our observations on modulation of current amplitude. Our results suggest that an additional mechanism contributes to modification of the current amplitude.

110 POSTER TM9SF2, a novel cell surface potential target in breast cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
S. Abou-Sharieha ◽  
Y. Sugii ◽  
H. Tada ◽  
M. Seno
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Potential Target

A novel method for assessment of local pH in periplasmic space and of cell surface potential in yeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Plášek ◽  
David Babuka ◽  
Dana Gášková ◽  
Iva Jančíková ◽  
Jakub Zahumenský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Local Ph

scholarly journals Letter to the editor: Demonstration of tsp receptor both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of the megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (MEG-01)

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Imamura ◽  
Tominari Inada ◽  
Deo M. Mtasiwa ◽  
Atsushi Kuramoto ◽  
Michinori Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Letter To The Editor

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Surface Structure of Nucleated Animal Cells: Carbon Replicas

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
Thea B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Characteristic Particle ◽  
Cell Surface Structure ◽  
Carbon Replicas

The carbon-replica technique can be used to obtain information about cell-surface structure that cannot ordinarily be obtained by thin-section techniques. Mammalian erythrocytes have been studied by the replica technique and they appear to be characterized by a pebbly or “plaqued“ surface texture. The characteristic “particle” diameter is about 200 Å to 400 Å. We have now extended our observations on cell-surface structure to chicken and frog erythrocytes, which possess a broad range of cellular functions, and to normal rat lymphocytes and mouse ascites tumor cells, which are capable of cell division. In these experiments fresh cells were washed in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium Salt Solution (for suspension cultures) and one volume of a 10% cell suspension was added to one volume of 2% OsO4 or 5% gluteraldehyde in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Carbon replicas were obtained by a technique similar to that employed by Glaeser et al. Figure 1 shows an electron micrograph of a carbon replica made from a chicken erythrocyte, and Figure 2 shows an enlarged portion of the same cell.

Infection of Escherichia coli with bacteriophages

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Adsorption Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Bacterial Receptors

The first step in the infection of a bacterium by a virus consists of a collision between cell and bacteriophage. The presence of virus-specific receptors on the cell surface will trigger a number of events leading eventually to release of the phage nucleic acid. The execution of the various "steps" in the infection process varies from one virus-type to the other, depending on the anatomy of the virus. Small viruses like ØX 174 and MS2 adsorb directly with their capsid to the bacterial receptors, while other phages possess attachment organelles of varying complexity. In bacteriophages T3 (Fig. 1) and T7 the small conical processes of their heads point toward the adsorption site; a welldefined baseplate is attached to the head of P22; heads without baseplates are not infective.

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