scholarly journals Liver cancer stem cells as a hierarchical society: yes or no?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhuo Gu ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
Junfang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells possessing abilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. Based on this definition, multiple cell surface markers (such as CD24, CD133, CD90, and EpCAM) as well as chemical methods are discovered to enrich liver CSCs in the recent decade. Accumulated studies have revealed molecular signatures and signaling pathways involved in regulating different liver CSCs. Among liver CSCs positive for different markers, some molecular features and regulatory pathways are commonly shared, while some are only unique in certain CSC populations. These studies imply that liver CSCs exhibit diverse heterogeneity, while a functional relationship also exists. The aim of this review is to revisit the society of liver CSCs and summarize the common or unique molecular features of known liver CSCs. We hope to call for attention of researchers on the relationship of the liver CSC subgroups and to provide clues on the hierarchical structure of the liver CSC society.

scholarly journals Proteasome expression and activity in cancer and cancer stem cells

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 101042831769224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A Voutsadakis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Proteasome is a multi-protein organelle that participates in cellular proteostasis by destroying damaged or short-lived proteins in an organized manner guided by the ubiquitination signal. By being in a central place in the cellular protein complement homeostasis, proteasome is involved in virtually all cell processes including decisions on cell survival or death, cell cycle, and differentiation. These processes are important also in cancer, and thus, the proteasome is an important regulator of carcinogenesis. Cancers include a variety of cells which, according to the cancer stem cell theory, descend from a small percentage of cancer stem cells, alternatively termed tumor-initiating cells. These cells constitute the subsets that have the ability to propagate the whole variety of cancer and repopulate tumors after cytostatic therapies. Proteasome plays a role in cellular processes in cancer stem cells, but it has been found to have a decreased function in them compared to the rest of cancer cells. This article will discuss the transcriptional regulation of proteasome sub-unit proteins in cancer and in particular cancer stem cells and the relationship of the proteasome with the pluripotency that is the defining characteristic of stem cells. Therapeutic opportunities that present from the understanding of the proteasome role will also be discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship of cancer stem cells in urological cancers

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Adamowicz ◽  
Marta Pokrywczyńska ◽  
Jakub Tworkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Wolski ◽  
Tomasz Drewa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Urological Cancers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Pensare Dio. Spunti di riflessione in dialogo con Anca Vasiliu

Elenchos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe following work features elements to ponder and an in-depth explanation taken on the Anca Vasiliu’s study about the possibilities and ways of thinking of God by a rational entity, such as the human being. This is an ever relevant topic that, however, takes place in relation to Platonic authors and texts, especially in Late Antiquity. The common thread is that the human being is a God’s creature who resembles him and who is image of. Nevertheless, this also applies within the Christian Trinity according to which, not without problems, the Son is the image of the Father. Lastly, also the relationship of the Spirit with the Father and the Son, always within the Trinity, can be considered as a relationship of similarity, but again not without critical issues between the similarity of attributes, on the one hand, and the identity of nature, on the other.

scholarly journals Autism Profiles of Males With Fragile X Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Harris ◽  
David Hessl ◽  
Beth Goodlin-Jones ◽  
Jessica Ferranti ◽  
Susan Bacalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Cgg Repeat ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Fmr1 Mrna ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMR1 mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMR1 mRNA, and CGG repeat number.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung, Head and Neck, and Bladder Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5098
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Mudra ◽  
Pritam Sadhukhan ◽  
M. Talha Ugurlu ◽  
Shorna Alam ◽  
Mohammad O. Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Solid Malignancies

Resistance to cancer therapy remains a significant obstacle in treating patients with various solid malignancies. Exposure to current chemotherapeutics and targeted agents invariably leads to therapy resistance, heralding the need for novel agents. Cancer stem cells (CSCs)—a subpopulation of tumor cells with capacities for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation—represent a pool of therapeutically resistant cells. CSCs often share physical and molecular characteristics with the stem cell population of the human body. It remains challenging to selectively target CSCs in therapeutically resistant tumors. The generation of CSCs and induction of therapeutic resistance can be attributed to several deregulated critical growth regulatory signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo, and Hedgehog. Beyond growth regulatory pathways, CSCs also change the tumor microenvironment and resist endogenous immune attack. Thus, CSCs can interfere with each stage of carcinogenesis from malignant transformation to the onset of metastasis to tumor recurrence. A thorough review of novel targeted agents to act against CSCs is fundamental for advancing cancer treatment in the setting of both intrinsic and acquired resistance.

scholarly journals Relationship of Erythropoietin Effectiveness to the Generative Cycle of Erythroid Precursor Cell

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD S. MORSE ◽  
NICHOLAS J. RENCRICCA ◽  
FREDERICK STOHLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Erythroid Precursor ◽  
Erythroid Response ◽  
Stem Cell Compartment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Erythroid Precursor Cell

Abstract Hydroxyurea, a cytotoxic agent that kills cells in DNA synthesis, was used to study the relationship between erythropoietin and the generative cycle of the immediate erythroid precursor cell. When OHU and EP were administered simultaneously to hypertransfused mice, the resultant erythroid response was diminished relative to EP treated controls. OHU given at intervals after EP resulted in a progressively greater diminution of erythroid response. From these studies, then, we would suggest that in the suppressed animal the committed stem cell compartment is in cycle but with a prolonged G1. After EP there is a shortening of the generation time and an increase in the rate of turnover of the committed stem cells. The data also indicate that cells in cycle are differentiated into the pronormoblast compartment. It further may be suggested that erythropoietin is effective throughout the bulk of the generative cycle although it seems unlikely that differentiation is accomplished during the mitotic phase. Whether erythropoietin must be present in both G1 and S as suggested by Kretchmar cannot be answered by the present studies. The data also indicate that cells of the pluripotential compartment are normally in G0 or perhaps a prolonged G1. Damage to the committed compartment appears to be in part repaired by the influx of cells from the pluripotential compartment.

Buddhist Meditation as Strategic Embodiment: An Optative Reflection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
American Studies ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Asian American Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Racialized Other ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meditative Practices

Chapter 15 seriously scrutinizes the relationship of Buddhism, “one of America’s racialized other religious darlings,” to Asian American studies, which has yet to consistently recognize religion as a legitimate site upon which to map race, gender, and sexuality. Suh argues that “the common Buddhist units of measure and authenticity” —for instance, Orientalized monks and Eastern meditation— “are uncritically reproduced in larger Asian American discourses that continue to overlook the non-devotional and non-meditative practices of Buddhist laity.” Suh’s essay counters those discourses by engendering a new way of seeing meditation politics as a means of ameliorating bodily alienation and internalized white supremacy.

The molecular mechanism and regulatory pathways of cancer stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyang Tu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

scholarly journals Increased Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Required for Stemness Maintenance in Liver Cancer Stem Cells from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HCCLM3 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Liu ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Qiuping Liu ◽  
Yang Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell ◽  
The Relationship

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the main cause of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and an unfavorable prognosis. Energy metabolism is closely associated with cell stemness. However, how the stemness of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is regulated by metabolic/oxidative stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we compare the metabolic differences between LCSCs and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3, and explore the relationship between metabolism and LCSC stemness. We found that LCSCs from the hepatocellular carcinoma cell HCCLM3 exhibited more robust glucose metabolism than HCCLM3, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and pyruvate produced by glycolysis entering mitochondria for OXPHOS. Moreover, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) enhanced the LCSC stemness by upregulating OXPHOS. In contrast, Mdivi-1 reduced the levels of OXPHOS and weakened the stemness by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Together, our findings clarify the relationship between energy metabolism and LCSC stemness and may provide theoretical guidance and potential therapeutic approaches for liver cancer.

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