scholarly journals Clean and Contain: Initial Development of a Measure of Infection Prevention Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Loren L Toussaint ◽  
Alyssa D Cheadle ◽  
Jesse Fox ◽  
David R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Identical Factor

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer behavioral guidance to prevent the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. Cleaning (e.g., cleaning surfaces, washing and sanitizing hands) and containing (e.g., covering coughs, keeping distance from others, especially sick people) behaviors are recommended. Purpose To develop the Clean and Contain Measure, a brief measure of compliance with CDC recommendations for prevention of infectious disease, and validate the measure in individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and social media. Results In Study 1 (N = 97), exploratory factor analysis revealed two scales: (a) five items assessing cleaning behaviors and (b) four items assessing containing behaviors. Simple structure was obtained and alpha coefficients for both scales were >.83. In Studies 2 (N = 204) and 3 (N = 527), confirmatory factor analysis verified the identical factor structure found in Study 1. All loadings were statistically significant at p < .001. Alpha coefficients for both scales were >.84 for Studies 2 and 3. Conclusions Our measure is a reliable and valid indicator of compliance with cleaning and containing health behaviors that help to prevent the spread of diseases like COVID-19. Future research should replicate construct validity in more diverse samples and continue to refine items, examine construct validity, including predictive and discriminant validity, and improve the measure for future use. With continued use and refinement, this measure could allow health officials and researchers to accurately assess compliance with important infection prevention behavior guidelines.

scholarly journals Construct validity of competency dimensions in a team leader assessment centre

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Ann Greyling ◽  
Deléne Visser ◽  
Linda Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Method Variance ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Assessment Centre

The aim of the study was to examine the construct validity of an assessment centre. The sample included 138 individuals who participated in a one-day call centre team leader assessment centre. Nine competency dimensions were rated using six exercises. Correlations and a principle axis factor analysis were utilised to study the convergent and discriminant validity of the dimension ratings. The results showed that the ratings clustered according to exercises rather than to dimensions (traits), thereby indicating a substantial amount of method variance. A further factor analysis of the nine competency dimensions yielded two factors that were named interpersonal and problem solving. Implications for the design of assessment centres are discussed. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die konstrukgeldigheid van ’n takseersentrum te ondersoek. Die steekproef het uit 138 persone bestaan wat aan ’n eendagtakseersentrum vir oproepsentrumgroepleiers deelgeneem het. Ses oefeninge is gebruik om nege bevoegdheidsdimensies te meet. Korrelasies en ’n hoofasfaktorontleding is gebruik om die konvergente en diskriminante geldigheid van die dimensiebeoordelings te bestudeer. Die resultate het getoon dat die beoordelings volgens oefeninge eerder as dimensies (eienskappe) gegroepeer het. Hierdie bevinding dui op ’n hoë mate van metodevariansie. ’n Verdere faktorontleding van die nege bevoegdheidsdimensies het twee faktore, wat as interpersoonlik en probleemoplossend benoem is, opgelewer. Implikasies vir die ontwerp van takseersentrums word bespreek.

scholarly journals Scale development of occupational identity and testing model of antecedents and outcome variables of occupational identity

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
HongJoon Yoo ◽  
TaeYong Yoo ◽  
TaeIn Chung ◽  
Seongho Bae ◽  
AReum Jo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workplace Satisfaction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Three Factor

The first purpose of this study was to define the construct of occupational identity and develop the scale of occupational identity, the second purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of occupational identity using exploratory common factor analysis and test the discriminant validity of occupational identity with workplace satisfaction, and third purpose of this study was to test the model of antecedents and outcome variables of occupational identity using confirmatory factor analysis. For fulfilling these purposes, three studies were conducted. Data were gathered from 390 workers in study 1, 505 workers in study 2, 1,115 workers in study 3. As a result, the three-factor structure of occupational identity was stably replicated, although the sample was changed. The occupational identity had discriminant validity with workplace satisfaction. Except for person-occupation fit(a subfactor of occupational identity) had a high correlation with general, occupational satisfaction(a subfactor of workplace satisfaction), other subfactors of occupational identity generally had low correlations with other subfactors of workplace satisfaction. It was found that the occupational identity was derived from occupational reputation, dedication to the occupation, occupational pride, and mission to the occupation. And the occupational identity resulted in the purpose of the worker’s life and intention to continue the worker’s occupation. Based on these results, We made discussions about implications, limitations, and future research tasks.

Tour Conductor Playfulness: Conceptualizing and Scale Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Tien-Ming Cheng ◽  
Mei-Tsun Chen ◽  
Cheng-Ho Wu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize a construct of Tour Conductor Playfulness (TCP) and establish a set of reliable and valid measures for TCP. The construct of TCP introduces a new concept in tourism research, while also extending the application of playfulness theory. TCP also can help businesses train employees and serve as a tool for human resource management. Study 1 produced initial items through in-depth interviews and content analysis, and study 2 conducted two sample collections. First, an exploratory factor analysis was performed by investigating 253 tour conductors, and four factors were identified: playful guiding, enthusiastic guiding, creative guiding, and engaged guiding. Second, this scale was validated with a new sample of 396 tour conductors. We verified the reliability of the TCP scale through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity to finally obtain 23 items. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

Measuring humility in musical contexts: Initial development of the Musical Humility Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989641
Author(s):  
William J Coppola ◽  
Anita B Kumar ◽  
Joshua N Hook
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Model Building ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
Testing Criteria

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a psychometric measure of humility in musical contexts. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ( N = 423), we demonstrated initial evidence for the validity of a theoretical model of musical humility. We used CFA to test an a priori model building from prior research, which confirmed five factors: purposeful musical engagement and collaboration, other-orientedness, lack of superiority, acknowledgment of shortcomings and learnability, and healthy pride. The resulting Musical Humility Scale is comprised of 30 items that may be further tested alongside other psychometric batteries for investigating predictors and correlates of humility in musical participation. We offer limitations and directions for future research, including strategies for refining the testing criteria and suggestions for establishing convergent and discriminant validity.

The Role of Moderators in Linking Job Crafting to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study on the Indian Hospitality Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Hospitality Sector

The purpose of this article is to test the conceptual model that addresses the association between job crafting (JC) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and also highlights how mindfulness and trust influence the JC and OCB relationship of front-line employees in hospitality sector. The data for the present study was collected from 246 front-line employees of Delhi-NCR regions of northern India. In order to avoid common method variance effect, the data was collected in two phases, namely T1 and T2. Techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypothesized model. The results show that JC strengthens OCB and also found that trust and mindfulness act as moderators for JC and OCB relationship. JC will help employees to manage their resources efficiently and this process of seeking resources and challenges at work is likely to increase OCB. Mindfulness promotes concentration and interest on work which in turn helps employees to explore new and creative ways to improve their work and makes it more meaningful which in turn improves the organization. The authors could not locate any study on JC in the Indian hospitality industry. In hotel industry, satisfaction and engagement of hotel workers is essential for superior customer service. Therefore, the outcomes of this research work could be helpful to the hotel managers in finding the alternative ways to motivate and engage employees in order to generate OCB. As the sample consisted of only 246 respondents belonging to the North Indian region, therefore, the outcomes of the study cannot be generalized. In future research, retesting of the new model can be done on a larger sample and different cultural contexts. Extended work of the current research work is likely to highlight the possible implications of JC in facilitating positive organizational outcomes and increased prosocial behaviour.

Gauging the Auditory Dimensions of Dysarthric Impairment: Reliability and Construct Validity of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Ziegler ◽  
Anja Staiger ◽  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Mathias Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose Standardized clinical assessment of dysarthria is essential for management and research. We present a new, fully standardized dysarthria assessment, the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS). The measurement model of the BoDyS is based on auditory evaluations of connected speech using 9 scales (traits) assessed by 4 elicitation methods. Analyses of the BoDyS' reliability and construct validity were performed to test this model, with the aim of gauging the auditory dimensions of speech impairment in dysarthria. Method Interrater agreement was examined in 70 persons with dysarthria. Construct validity was examined in 190 persons with dysarthria using a multitrait-multimethod design with confirmatory factor analysis. Results Interrater agreement of < 1 on a 5-point scale was found in 91% of cases across listener pairs and scales. Average reliability was .85. Inspection of the multitrait-multimethod matrix pointed at a high convergent and discriminant validity. Modeling of the BoDyS trait and method factors using confirmatory factor analysis yielded high goodness of fit. Model coefficients confirmed high discriminant and convergent validity and revealed meaningful relationships between scales and methods. Conclusions The 9 auditory scales of the BoDyS provide a reliable and valid profile of dysarthric impairment. They permit standardized measurement of clinically relevant dimensions of dysarthric speech.

Reasons for Non-Engagement in Online Shopping

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex P. Bringula
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study aimed to determine the reasons why Filipinos were not engaged in online shopping. Toward this aim, 400 respondents answered a 23-item questionnaire. It was revealed that most of the respondents were male, single, and at least college graduates. They were employees, belonged to diverse economic backgrounds, had computer and Internet access at home, and owned ATM cards. The majority did not have a credit card. Exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation revealed that there were four reasons why respondents were not engaged in online shopping. These reasons were availability of mall services (M), quality issues (Q), price concerns (P), and interest (I). Confirmatory factor analysis reduced the number of items of MQPI from 23 to 17 items. It was disclosed that the constructs were of good fit. Discriminant validity showed that all reasons were distinct from one another. Convergent validity of the constructs was also achieved. MQPI was able to capture 72% of the reasons why Filipinos were not engaged in online shopping. Implications and directions for future research that could be derived from this study were also presented.

scholarly journals Psychological Capital: Convergent and discriminant validity of a reconfigured measure

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Grobler ◽  
Yvonne T. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Organisational Behaviour

Background: Although attention has been given to the importance of positivity in the workplace, it has only recently been proposed as a new way in which to focus on organisational behaviour. The psychological resources which meet the criteria for positive organisational behaviour best are hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), with specific reference to its psychometric properties. Setting: The sample included a total of 1749 respondents, 60 each from 30 organisations in South Africa. Methods: A multi-factorial model was statistically explored and confirmed (with exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively). Results: The results support the original conceptualisation and empirically-confirmed factorial composition of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) by four elements, namely Hope, Optimism, Resilience and Self-efficacy. However, the study yielded a three-factor solution, with Hope and Optimism as a combined factor and Resilience and Self-efficacy made up of a reconfigured set of substantively justifiable items (three of the original 24 items were found not to be suitable). The three reconfigured factors showed good psychometric properties, good fit (in support of construct validity) and acceptable levels of convergent and discriminant validity. Recommendations were made for further studies. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it seems that the PCQ is a suitable (valid and reliable) instrument for measuring PsyCap. This study could thus serve as a reference for the accurate measurement of PsyCap.

scholarly journals Psychometric Analysis of a Proposed Model to Determine Factors Influencing Selection of a Research Supervisor

10.28945/4567 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Ali Shafiq ◽  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
Anbareen Jan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Selection Of

Aim/Purpose: This paper found some factors which influence research supervisees’ selection of their research supervisors. Background: Research on supervisor-supervisee relationship is mostly conducted when research students have already initiated their studies. Research on how a supervisor is selected before the research begins is researched less. How do supervisees select their supervisors? Which factors do they consider important? These questions were not clearly answered in the literature so far. Methodology: A scale was developed to measure factors which influence the selection of research supervisors. Using an online survey, data was collected from 315 research students in Malaysia between August and October 2018. Psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the scale were assessed using composite reliability, maximal reliability, average variance extracted, and maximum shared variance. Contribution: How research supervisees select their supervisors is an understudied area. Most of the research on supervisor selection is done after the research journey has begun. This research focuses on the thought processes before supervisor selection. Findings: Demographics, expertise, and physical appearance emerge as important constructs that influence the thought process of a research supervisee. Each of these constructs is composed of several dimensions, each with its own weight and importance. Recommendations for Practitioners: Research supervision is an integral part of contemporary teaching profession. To develop this important dimension of an academic’s career, this research holds high significance. The emerging factors will help researcher supervisors enhance their profiles and become more visible. This has practical implications for higher education institutions as well. Recommendation for Researchers: Further studies in this area can explore these factors across different cultures, distinction between undergraduate and postgraduate students, public and private higher education institutions, and scholarship or self-funded students. Impact on Society: Attracting better and relevant research students will result in a better match between researcher’s capability and supervisor’s expertise leading to high impact research. Future Research: This research was done on only 315 respondents. More respondents from diverse population might influence the outcome.

scholarly journals Individual differences in avoiding feelings of disgust: Development and construct validity of the disgust avoidance questionnaire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248219
Author(s):  
Paula von Spreckelsen ◽  
Nienke C. Jonker ◽  
Jorien Vugteveen ◽  
Ineke Wessel ◽  
Klaske A. Glashouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance

We developed and examined the construct validity of the Disgust Avoidance Questionnaire (DAQ) as a measure of people’s inclination to prevent experiencing disgust (disgust prevention) and to escape from the experience of disgust (disgust escape). In a stepwise item-reduction (Study 1; N = 417) using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on a 4-subscale distinction (behavioral prevention, cognitive prevention, behavioral escape, cognitive escape), we selected 17 items from a pool of potential items. In order to incorporate the conceptual overlap between dimensions of disgust avoidance, focus (prevention vs. escape), and strategy (behavioral avoidance vs. cognitive avoidance), we specified an adapted model. In this model, we allowed each item to load on one type of dimension and one type of strategy, resulting in four overlapping factors (prevention, escape, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Evaluation of this overlapping 4-factor model (Study 2; N = 513) using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed promising model fit indices, factor loadings, factor correlations, and reliability estimates for three of the four factors (prevention, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Those three subscales also showed good convergent validity. In contrast, the results related to the escape factor may call the suitability of self-report to assess disgust escape into question. In light of the exploratory nature of the project, future examinations of the DAQ’s validity and applicability to more diverse samples are essential. A critical next step for future research would be to examine the DAQ’s criterion validity and the distinctive roles of the DAQ subscales in (clinical) psychological constructs and processes.

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