The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Systematic Theory ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
P 75 ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Everyday Learning ◽  
International Representation ◽  
Practical Implications

75 entries The Oxford Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology brings together leading scholars from the vast and varied global domain of educational psychology and its allied academic fields to provide a common language for researchers, practitioners, and students. The Encyclopedia is the first truly comprehensive, systematic, theory-driven, and evidence-based reference work on educational psychology and distinguishes itself through its strong international representation. It situates educational psychology within the larger contexts of psychology and education, and its totalizing view provides new insights into the intricate relationships among the various mechanisms operating in educational psychology. The empirical findings have practical implications for practitioners in education and beyond, and for all individuals engaged in learning, whether it be school learning or everyday learning.

Waisted: The Biology of Body Fat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Denton
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Practical Implications

Waisted outlines the fascinating and misunderstood biology of fat (i.e., adipose tissue). This controversial, much-maligned organ plays a crucial yet curiously overlooked role in the global obesity crisis currently wreaking havoc on the world’s healthcare systems and economies. Attaining a better appreciation of the biology of fat, its social meanings, and how these intersect is essential for improving the world’s physical and mental health. Far from being a passive layer of blubber under the skin, fat plays a highly dynamic role in energy metabolism, reproductive health, and immunity, with these links having ancient origins in the evolution of modern humanity. Waisted provides a comprehensive, evidence-based perspective on the biology of fat and its crucial role in human evolution, health, disease, and society. Waisted draws upon biomedical, epidemiological, and evolutionary research to understand adipose tissue biology and the striking relationship between body fat distribution and health outcomes. Waisted demonstrates the practical implications of key conceptual points through relatable real-world cases and highlights how seemingly disparate common and rare diseases may be underpinned by adipose tissue dysfunction. Overall, Waisted covers a wide breadth of material that challenges and reframes the generally negative perspective of fat to highlight the underappreciated importance of adipose tissue biology in humans.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-856
Author(s):  
Jongwon Park ◽  
Hye-Gyoung Yoon ◽  
Mijung Kim ◽  
Hunkoog Jho
Keyword(s):  
Science Learning ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Teaching Science ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evidence Evaluation ◽  
Practical Implications

Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways. Keywords: evidence evaluation, evidence-based reasoning, evidence-based response, idea-based response, scientific evidence

Conjunctionitis: a call for clarity in construct definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Voss ◽  
Alex R. Zablah ◽  
Yu-Shan (Sandy) Huang ◽  
Goutam Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of coordinating conjunctions enhances or impairs definitional clarity. Design/methodology/approach In two studies, a sample of 736 construct definitions from the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research and Journal of Consumer Research over a 30-year period was judged for ambiguity and vagueness by both academic and lay judges. Findings The authors demonstrate that constructing definitions using both “and” and “or” increases the ambiguity and vagueness of the construct’s meaning. The most frequently used conjunction is “and” which appeared in 42 per cent of the definitions. A significant percentage (26 per cent) contain the conjunction “or.” Research limitations/implications A framework for understanding alternative interpretations of “and” or “or” is developed. Five recommendations are proposed for evaluating the use of “and” and “or” in construct definitions. Theorists in all academic fields should not use both “and” and “or” in the same construct definition. Practical implications A five-step process is proposed for evaluating the use of “and” and “or” in construct definitions. Theorists should not use both “and” and “or” in the same construct definition. Originality/value This is the first exploration of how specific wording patterns used in construct definitions in academic research affect the clarity of the definition.

Relatonics as a Key Concept for Networked Organizations

2011 ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Backström ◽  
Marianne Döös
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Learning ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Virtual Organizations ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Everyday Learning ◽  
Practical Implications

Learning in organizations, and the competence the organization thereby obtains for performing its core tasks, has come into ever sharper focus when attempts have been made to explain the degree of competitiveness of companies. Much learning takes place when people interact, converse, or co-act. In their research, the current authors have found themselves in need of a new concept, relatonic, that can be applied to the study of interaction and relations at organizational level. To focus interactions and relations is important for all organizations, and extra important for networked and virtual organizations, where persons not as often meet naturally just by working close to each other. The authors have defined and used the concept on the basis of their respective theoretical platforms. These concern recent thinking within the theories of workplace learning (WPL) and organization pedagogics (Döös, 2004, 2007) and theories of complex adaptive systems (CAS) (Backström, 2004). The possibility of a joint definition of the concept of relatonics has been explored (Backström & Döös, 2005), thereby initiating integration of parts of the theories of WPL and CAS. Next, in the Background, follows the joint definition of relatonics and the concept relatonic is expounded from a CAS perspective. Thereafter, follows a description of practical implications of relatonics. The aim is to describe the importance of relatonics for networked and virtual organizations. The main underlying problem concerns which opportunities for everyday learning and competence development are offered in working life, both at an individual and organizational level, but also the problem of stabilizing and integrating organizations composed of relatively autonomous parts.

Everybody Can Do It – The Arts and Technology in Your Classroom

2015 ◽  
pp. 145-167
Author(s):  
Bianca Power ◽  
Christopher Klopper
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Reflexive Practice ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Integrate Technology

This chapter presents a “tool for practice” with the purpose of stimulating pedagogical decision-making in the design, delivery, and evaluation of primary school learning experiences that integrate technology with arts education. The tool highlights the unique and innovative practices of arts and technology education currently occurring in primary schools and classrooms in Australia. This identification provides a foundation from which teachers can begin their journey and conversations around the planned, meaningful integration of technologies into and throughout their arts teaching. The tool has the additional potential to support on-going professional development through the application of the tool to act as an evidence-based scaffold for reflexive practice. It encourages users to work collaboratively and collectively to look at their practice from multiple points of view, with careful and calculated consideration of the nine domains of Bamford and Glinkowski's (2010) Effect and Impact Tracking Matrix (EITM) – catalytic, negative loss, social, ethical, cultural, economic, educational, innovation, and personal.

A methodology for structured literature network meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pachayappan Murugaiyan ◽  
Venkatesakumar Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Graph Visualization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Little attention has been paid to restructuring existing massive amounts of literature data such that evidence-based meaningful inferences and networks be drawn therefrom. This paper aims to structure extant literature data into a network and demonstrate by graph visualization and manipulation tool “Gephi” how to obtain an evidence-based literature review. Design/methodology/approach The main objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to structure existing literature data into a network. This network is examined through certain graph theory metrics to uncover evidence-based research insights arising from existing huge amounts of literature data. From the list metrics, this study considers degree centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality to comprehend the information available in the literature pool. Findings There is a significant amount of literature on any given research problem. Approaching this massive volume of literature data to find an appropriate research problem is a complicated process. The proposed methodology and metrics enable the extraction of appropriate and relevant information from huge quantities of literature data. The methodology is validated by three different scenarios of review questions, and results are reported. Research limitations/implications The proposed methodology comprises of more manual hours to structure literature data. Practical implications This paper enables researchers in any domain to systematically extract and visualize meaningful and evidence-based insights from existing literature. Originality/value The procedure for converting literature data into a network representation is not documented in the existing literature. The paper lays down the procedure to structure literature data into a network.

The Diversity of Decarceration: Examining First-Year County Realignment Spending in California

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-798
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Correctional System ◽  
Prison Populations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Practical Implications

In recent years, California has dramatically restructured its correctional system through a policy called “Realignment,” which shifts responsibility over thousands of offenders from the state to its counties. To help manage this influx, the state allocated US$2 billion through 2014 to the counties. Counties have used these funds in different ways. Some have adhered to Realignment’s intended focus on evidence-based programming, whereas others have focused on expanding enforcement and custodial capacities. I analyze first-year (2011-2012) county Realignment budgets to identify political, economic, and criminal justice factors that explain different spending emphases. Using quantitative and comparative methods, I find that counties focus on enforcement spending because of pressing local needs related to crime and justice, and counties focus on services spending when sheriffs—key figures in Realignment administration—are politically secure. These findings have practical implications for correctional policies in California, and for other states that seek to reduce their prison populations.

HR analytics

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
A Company ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings It was suggested that the future of HR analytics depends on integration within a company. There needs to be an updated and inclusive IT infrastructure for centralized data storing. HR analytics will move from simple statistical reporting to evidence-based predictive decision-making. It was also found that the future of HR analytics might mean it ceases to exist as a separate function, if it is subsumed in a centralized analytics function, overarching all business disciplines. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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