Sources of Knowledge in Firms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Pinto ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Codified Knowledge ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Local Buzz

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. Please check back later for the full article. In order to obtain competitive advantages, firms have to make use of knowledge as the main element of their capacities for innovation and management. Innovation is a complex and collective process, resulting from different contexts, socioeconomic aspects, and specificities of firms that create nuanced management and policy implications. Sources of knowledge are varied, as each firm interacts with multiple types of actors to pursue its mission: partners and strategic allies, suppliers, customers, competitors, specialized organizations such as knowledge intensive business services, universities, technology centers, public research organizations, innovation intermediaries, and public administration bodies. Different kinds of knowledge are relevant for the firms, both tacit and codified knowledge. Knowledge needs to be translated into capacity to act. Knowledge generation and absorption can be understood as two sides of the same coin. It is necessary to take into account factors that shape both facets and the relationship between the production, transfer, and valorization of knowledge. Influential factors concerning knowledge characteristics are related to tacitness and to the existing knowledge base. Contextual factors, such as the economic sector, technological intensity, the local buzz, and the insertion in global value chains are essential as environmental enablers for generating and absorbing knowledge. Finally, the internal characteristics of the firm are of crucial relevance, namely the existing innovation culture, leadership, and also the size or internal R&D capacities. These factors reinforce the dynamic capacities of the firm and the decision to engage in open innovation strategies or to give more importance to strategies that protect and codify knowledge, such as industrial property rights.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Equity Return Correlations between China’s Pairs of A- and B-Share Markets: Effect of QFII’s Implementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Jung-Lieh Hsiao ◽  
Teng-Tsai Tu ◽  
Mei-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Market Sentiment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Return

This paper was intended to examine factors influencing the correlations between A- and B-shares of individual firms, and explore the effects of Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor’s (QFII) implementation on correlations. The empirical results show that interest rate differential, relative turnover rate, relative return volatility, and market sentiment had impacts on correlation both before and after the QFII’s implementation. After its implementation, correlations became more sensitive to premium, relative turnover rate and market sentiment. Furthermore, the estimated constant term for overall market correlation became more negative (raw values from -0.3413 to -0.8815), indicating an increasing correlation between A- and B-shares’ returns. The policy implications are that much benefit of diversification into emerging markets such as paired A-and B-shares can be accomplished, together with taking several influential factors into account.

scholarly journals Open science: policy implications for the evolving phenomenon of user-led scientific innovation

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. A05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Stodden
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Treatment Research

From contributions of astronomy data and DNA sequences to disease treatment research, scientific activity by non-scientists is a real and emergent phenomenon, and raising policy questions. This involvement in science can be understood as an issue of access to publications, code, and data that facilitates public engagement in the research process, thus appropriate policy to support the associated welfare enhancing benefits is essential. Current legal barriers to citizen participation can be alleviated by scientists’ use of the “Reproducible Research Standard,” thus making the literature, data, and code associated with scientific results accessible. The enterprise of science is undergoing deep and fundamental changes, particularly in how scientists obtain results and share their work: the promise of open research dissemination held by the Internet is gradually being fulfilled by scientists. Contributions to science from beyond the ivory tower are forcing a rethinking of traditional models of knowledge generation, evaluation, and communication. The notion of a scientific “peer” is blurred with the advent of lay contributions to science raising questions regarding the concepts of peer-review and recognition. New collaborative models are emerging around both open scientific software and the generation of scientific discoveries that bear a similarity to open innovation models in other settings. Public engagement in science can be understood as an issue of access to knowledge for public involvement in the research process, facilitated by appropriate policy to support the welfare enhancing benefits deriving from citizen-science.

scholarly journals Adoption Model of Falcataria-Based Farm Forestry: A Duration Analysis Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Modeling Framework

Integrating perennial plant, such as Falcataria moluccana, in farming system can provide economic and environmental benefits, especially in marginal areas. Indonesian governments at all levels have been employing a number of efforts to speed-up adoption of tree planting on farm.  However, the establishment of farm forestry on private land in Indonesia, especially in Java, is widely varied.  While the farm forestry in some locations has been well adopted, the farmers or land users in other location are reluctant to adopt them, although the traits of farmers and farm land in both locations are similar. Most adoption studies have employed cross-sectional data in a static discrete choice modeling framework to analyze why some farmers adopt at a certain point in time.  The static approach does not consider the dynamic environment in which the adoption decision is made and thus does not incorporate speed of adoption.  The information of adoption speed of an innovation is important in designing extension policies as well as reengineering innovations in order to align with socio-economic conditions of the farmers.  Based on data from a survey of a random sample of 117 smallholder households in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, this study investigated determinants of time to adoption of farm forestry using duration analysis. Results revealed that factors that accelerate the adoption varied include age of household head, level of education of household head, off-farm employment and output price. Older farmers tend to adopt faster than the younger farmers. The other interesting findings are that off-farm employment and membership to farmers group are two most influential factors in speeding-up adoption of Falcataria-based farm forestry. The policy implications of this research are that government should design policies that promote farmers’ participation in off-farm income activities and strengthening farmer groups in addition to extension services and timber markets. 

scholarly journals Determinants of the Quality of Life Among Elderly: Comparison Between China and India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona Ghosh ◽  
Soumyananda Dinda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
India And China ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The article attempts to understand the role of various determinants of quality of life (QoL) in two different demographic and cultural contexts—India and China. Along with appropriate model identification, the study discusses the role of influential factors of the QoL of elderly individuals of the demographic giants. Findings confirm the multifactorial nature of QoL and suggest that all of the determinants do not identically influence QoL at different levels. It has been found that socio-economic factors have a stronger influence on QoL, in both the countries, than the physiological indicators. Perception regarding QoL of elderly people, in two cultural contexts, does not deviate substantially, except for gender, lower level of education, observed health measures and formal social cohesion. The analysis suggests important policy implications.

THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL KNOWLEDGE GENERATION AND EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE SOURCING FOR SME INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM IRELAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950069
Author(s):  
JUSTIN DORAN ◽  
NOIRIN McCARTHY ◽  
MARIE O’CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Knowledge Sourcing ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the knowledge sourcing, transformation, and exploitation stages of the innovation value chain for a sample of Irish small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) using Community Innovation Survey data. It explores the role of internal research and development (R&D) and external knowledge on SMEs’ innovation and performance. The open innovation paradigm, which stresses the importance of external linkages, is used to examine the impact of different external knowledge sources on SMEs’ innovation. The consideration of external linkages in the innovation performance of SMEs is crucial as these firms may be constrained in their ability to perform R&D due to their size. The analysis expands the traditional CDM methodology beyond the consideration of research and development as the sole source of knowledge for innovation by also considering a range of potential external knowledge sources. The findings indicate that SMEs generate knowledge internally through the performance of R&D, while also exploiting linkages to external agents. However, the impact of external sources of knowledge is not uniform. The results suggest that backward linkages have a positive impact on SME product innovation, but negatively affect SME process innovation, while public knowledge sources are positively related to the probability of product innovation occurring. This may have important policy implications. Finally, process innovation is also found to be a key determinant of SME productivity, while product innovation has no impact on SME performance.

scholarly journals Determinants of innovation performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Lafuente ◽  
Angela Solano ◽  
Juan Carlos Leiva ◽  
Ronald Mora-Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Organisational Learning ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between organisational learning capabilities (OLCs) and innovation performance (IP) in organisational contexts where knowledge creation and exploitation are the business’ main source of competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach The study hypotheses are tested on a unique sample of 74 high-performance businesses operating in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) industries and non-knowledge intensive sectors in 2016. The study employs a sequential deductive triangulation analysis (QUAN → qual) based on linear regression models and qualitative interviews. Findings The results indicate that OLCs positively impact IP. Additionally, the findings reveal that this relationship is stronger in organisations where knowledge creation and exploitation constitute the main source of competitive advantage, namely, KIBS firms. Research limitations/implications This paper offers insights into how the innovation outcomes of OLCs are heterogeneous across industries. This study contributes to a better understanding of the conditions under which the effects of developing learning-enhancing strategies occur in businesses operating in different industries. Practical implications Both knowledge generation and exploitation processes are critical for business success, and OLCs play a decisive role in this process. In this sense, the results suggest that managers need to turn their attention to the characteristics of business operations when considering the development of strategies aimed at enhancing OLCs. Originality/value The paper further explores the influence of OLCs on IP by analysing how organisational learning strategies interact with relevant organisational characteristics – that are linked here to the exploitation of knowledge-based resources – to yield superior IP.

The Relevance of Customers as a Source of Knowledge in IT Firms

2011 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Laura Zapata Cantú ◽  
José Luis Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
External Source ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
External Knowledge Acquisition

The overall aim and contribution of this chapter is to identify the main sources of knowledge generation in IT-related SMEs and the organizational elements that support this process. Knowledge generation occurs through external knowledge acquisition and internal knowledge creation. The latter process is facilitated by personal motivation and the learning opportunities it offers to the organization’s employees, who play a key role as initiative and suggestion carriers. In order to evaluate the phenomenon under study, which the literature review reflects as an incipient stage, two-step exploratory research was conducted. In the first stage, eight interviews were conducted in four firms. The objective of the second phase was to validate some of the insight from the first stage, so a questionnaire designed for the research purpose was administered. The results show that knowledge in SMEs in the IT sector is generated mainly by employee self-learning, meetings and customers as an external source. These activities are strongly supported by the employees’ opportunity to learn and by organizational culture.

scholarly journals Mindsets Set in Concrete? Exploring the Perspectives of Domestic Travellers on New Zealand’s (Auto-)Mobility Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7646
Author(s):  
Maria Juschten ◽  
Shannon Page ◽  
Helen Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Classical Mode ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Tourism trips in New Zealand are strongly car-dominated. Research suggests that such car use practices do not only emerge from purely rational economic considerations but also result from symbolic and affective motives, institutionalized mobility cultures, and habitualized mobility practices that have developed and materialized in spatial structures over decades. This paper explores the notion of automobility and its influence on the domestic tourism mobilities of Christchurch residents. It does so by applying Q methodology, an inherently mixed method that involves participants structuring statements by their level of agreement, followed by a range of qualitative post-sorting questions. The statements draw on insights from the study of tourism mobilities, mobility cultures and classical mode choice research, allowing this study to provide novel insights into the under-researched field of urban–rural tourism mobility. The juxtaposition of quantitative Q and the qualitative interview results reveals influential factors at the personal, interpersonal, societal/political and infrastructural level. The results then feed into a conceptualisation of influential factors of tourism mobility choices using an embedded, interlinked structure that captures the dynamics of social interactions (i.e., feedback-loops). Policy implications are discussed with regards to possible sustainability pathways in line with New Zealand’s decarbonisation strategy.

Effects of spatial access to neighborhood land-use density on housing prices: Evidence from a multilevel hedonic analysis in Seoul, South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Deok Kang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Spatial Access

Attaining a mixture and diversity of land use within walkable neighborhoods is an essential principle within contemporary urban planning and design. Empirical studies by New Urbanists argue that mixed land use, neo-traditional, and walkable neighborhoods yield socioeconomic benefits and generate a substantial premium in residential property prices. However, few studies apply reliable metrics to capture the connections among urban form, the spatial distribution of land use, and travel behavior and then value their combined effects on housing prices. To bridge this gap, this study calculates the metrics of spatial accessibility and centrality, combining street nodes, networks, and built density by land use type within walkable neighborhoods. We investigate empirically the extent to which residents value spatial accessibility and centrality to residential, commercial, office, and industrial space regarding housing prices in Seoul, South Korea in 2010. The multilevel hedonic price models used suggest that residents highly value urban settings that access larger volumes of commercial and residential buildings in densely spaced areas along dense street networks. However, homeowners respond negatively to higher access to industrial property and weakly to office space. This analysis identifies the value of spatial access to heterogeneous land-use density in housing prices and provides policy implications for land use, transportation, and urban design.

scholarly journals Determinates of factors influencing job satisfaction and organizational loyalty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Nhat Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Sector

Human resources in the medical sector play a very important role in public service activities to perform tasks as prescribed by law to serve the interests of the people and society. In this way, the service of medical doctors also has a direct effect on the public services and healthcare services of Vietnam. This research analyzes factors affecting doctors’ satisfaction and loyalty from a survey of 228 doctors working in public hospitals in Vietnam. The study was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative tools to examine the hypotheses of the survey. Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed to test the relationship among the fac-tors in the research model. The results indicated that the influential factors on the satisfaction of a doctor’s job include the following, listed in diminishing importance order: (1) Income, (2) Relationship with col-leagues, (3) Quality of medical examination and treatment, (4) Hospital resources, (5) Autonomy at work, (6) Training and promotion opportunities. Besides, when doctors are satisfied with their job, they tend to be loyal to the organization. The study proposes several policy implications for medical sector managers to increase the doctors’ satisfaction and loyalty in public health services.

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