Dynamics of Development of Folklore Festivals in Volyn in the Late 20th Century. Features of Formation

The paper addresses the problems of Volyn festival movement. The aim of this study is to consider the specifics of Volyn folklore festivals “Berehynia” and “Polissia Summer With Folklore” as prominent international projects. The research included collecting information from various sources (books, magazine and newspaper articles, interviews with organizers and participants, observations), analytical processing of this information, description of important facts, comparison of festivals by project size, age and social status of the audience, festival goal and scope, frequency, as well as social, demographic, geographical, professional status of their participants, conceptual differences and features, place and nature of events, ways to present projects to the general public and others. As a result, it was concluded that “Berehynia” is a festival of a classical mode while “Polissia Summer With Folklore” is a festival of a non-classical mode.

Mindsets Set in Concrete? Exploring the Perspectives of Domestic Travellers on New Zealand’s (Auto-)Mobility Culture

Tourism trips in New Zealand are strongly car-dominated. Research suggests that such car use practices do not only emerge from purely rational economic considerations but also result from symbolic and affective motives, institutionalized mobility cultures, and habitualized mobility practices that have developed and materialized in spatial structures over decades. This paper explores the notion of automobility and its influence on the domestic tourism mobilities of Christchurch residents. It does so by applying Q methodology, an inherently mixed method that involves participants structuring statements by their level of agreement, followed by a range of qualitative post-sorting questions. The statements draw on insights from the study of tourism mobilities, mobility cultures and classical mode choice research, allowing this study to provide novel insights into the under-researched field of urban–rural tourism mobility. The juxtaposition of quantitative Q and the qualitative interview results reveals influential factors at the personal, interpersonal, societal/political and infrastructural level. The results then feed into a conceptualisation of influential factors of tourism mobility choices using an embedded, interlinked structure that captures the dynamics of social interactions (i.e., feedback-loops). Policy implications are discussed with regards to possible sustainability pathways in line with New Zealand’s decarbonisation strategy.

Line-FRAP, a versatile method based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure diffusion rates in vitro and in vivo

A cell is a densely packed conglomerate of macromolecules, where diffusion is essential for their function. The crowded conditions may affect diffusion both through hard (occluded space) and soft (weak, non-specific) interactions. Multiple-methods have been developed to measure diffusion rates at physiological protein concentrations within cells, however, each of them has its limitations. Here, we introduce Line-FRAP, a method based on measuring recovery of photobleaching under a confocal microscope that allows diffusion rate measurements for fast diffusing molecules to be measured in versatile environments using standard equipment. Implementation of Line mode to the classical FRAP technique greatly improves the time resolution in data acquisition, from 20-50 Hz in the classical mode to 800 Hz in the line mode. We also introduce an updated method for data analysis to obtain diffusion coefficients in various environments, with the number of pixels bleached at the first frame after bleaching being a critical parameter. We evaluated the method using different proteins either chemically labelled or by fusion to YFP. The calculated diffusion rates were comparable to literature data as measured in vitro, in HeLa cells and in E.coli. Diffusion coefficients in HeLa was ~2.5-fold slower and in E. coli 15-fold slower than measured in buffer. Moreover, we show that increasing the osmotic pressure on E.coli further decreases diffusion, till a point where proteins stop to move. The method presented here is easy to apply on a standard confocal microscope, fits a large range of molecules with different sizes and provides robust results in any conceivable environment and protein concentration for fast diffusing molecules.

The Balkan tradition in contemporary jazz. Anatoly Vapirov

The folkloric character of the beginnings of jazz has been established by all researchers of American classical music. The African-Americans brought as slaves onto the territory of North America, the European émigrés tied to their own folkloric repertoire, the songs in the musical revues on Broadway turned national successes – can be considered the first three waves to have fundamentally influenced the history of jazz music. Preserving the classical and modern manner of improvisation and arrangement has not been a solution for authentic jazz musicians, permanently preoccupied with renewing their mode of expression. As it happened in the academic genres, the effect of experiments was mostly to draw the public away, as its capacity of understanding and empathizing with the new musical “products” (especially those in the “free” stylistic area) were discouraging. The areas which also had something original to say in the field of jazz remained the traditional, archaic cultures in Eastern Europe, Asia, the Orient. Compared to folkloric works from very distant areas, the musical culture of the Balkans bears the advantage of diversity, the ease of reception of melodies, rhythms and instrumental sonority. One of the most important architects of ethno-jazz is Anatoly Vapirov. A classically-trained musician, an author of concerts, stage music and soundtracks, a consummate connoisseur of the classical mode of improvisation as a saxophone and clarinet player, Anatoly Vapirov has dedicated decades of his life to researching the archaic musical culture of the Balkans, which he translated into the dual academic-jazz language, in the hypostases of predetermined scored works and of improvised works – either as a soloist, in combos or big bands. This study focuses on highlighting the language techniques, emphasizing the aesthetic-artistic qualities of the music signed Anatoly Vapirov.

Pragmatism in ethics

Two components of the pragmatist outlook shape its ethical philosophy. It rejects certainty as a legitimate intellectual goal; this generates a nondogmatic attitude to moral precepts and principles. It holds, secondly, that thought (even that exercised in scientific inquiry) is essentially goal-directed in a way that makes the refinement of the control we exercise over how we act (for example, in drawing conclusions) integral to achieving any cognitive goal such as that of truth. This makes it possible to treat scientific inquiry as a model of how we might respond to moral problems and the reasonableness and impartiality required of a scientific inquirer as a paradigm of what may be expected in reaching moral judgments. This view of the nature of thought also inclines pragmatists to assess proposed solutions to moral conflicts in terms of consequences. But although human desires are taken as the raw material with which moral thinking must deal, it is not assumed that people’s desires (what they take pleasure in) are fixed and can be used as a standard by which to assess consequences. Pragmatism is thus free to revert to a classical mode of thought (such as Aristotelianism) in which claims about human nature function as norms – a use which is made, for example, of the claim that humans are essentially social creatures.

‘Things Pressing to be said’

Unlike many of the other authors discussed in this collection, Martineau has rarely been read for pleasure in the artistry of her wordplay. When she mentions her writing it is with a sense, declared in her Autobiography, that ‘Things were pressing to be said.’ Her purpose was to educate, popularize, and simplify, her words essentially a vehicle for the transmission of information. Focusing on examples of her journalism, this chapter challenges the view that Martineau’s style was essentially functional, by exploring her acute rhetorical self-awareness. Building on the classical mode of composition she had learned at school, with its systematic structures and aphoristic statements, her writing is also homely, commonsensical, even volatile, often culminating in a cry of ‘What is to be done?’ as she urges her readers to embrace their social responsibilities.

Moderated vs. Fossilized Modes of Teaching and Learning English in the Preparatory Classes in Iraq

The present study exhibits an outsight over the prominent problems that face the educational process and an outlook over the preparatory school syllabuses conducted in teaching English language in Iraq. Three syllabuses are to be concerned in the present study: the New English Course for Iraq (NECI), Iraq Opportunities (IO) and English for Iraq (EFI). The study propounds the main characteristics of each syllabus and their relativity to the variant approaches of teaching. The NECI conducted a classical mode of teaching, started with the sixties of the last century and continued until the year-study 2012-2013, for the sixth preparatory. English for Iraq, now replaced the "Iraq Opportunities", is taught for 4th, 5th and 6th preparatory. On the other hand, the study tackles the main problems that are also obstacles to teaching/learning progression in Iraq, such as those of using helping sketches diverting students from the syllabus trends and abolishing many learning activities. Iraq Opportunities proved to be better than the two other syllabuses, mainly in its being based on communicative method of teaching and more appropriate for teaching students in Iraq. The educational system in Iraq, as the study recommends, needs more reforming, development and planning on the educational needs, at the variant levels of reliability.

Tissue Culture Mediated Allelic Diversification and Genomic Enrichment of Wheat to Combat Production Constraints and Address Food Security

In view of the emerging population trends and that wheat crop is the major unequivocally recognized conduit towards addressing the food security challenges of 2050 this discourse embraces various research options that are viewed as possible solutions toward delivering those targets for providing nutritious food and meeting the aspirations that policy setters have debated on the subject for decades. The underlying strength for achieving these targets will require concerted efforts from plant researchers that are well integrated within effectively harnessing and utilizing prevalent genetic diversity of the wide array of alleles in a holistic pro‐active manner. We argue that the purists of basic and strategic research dimensions need to be thoughtfully defined, so that the vital target of delivering the “applied” gains are only realized from the outputs on farmer’s fields and measured by tons per hectare. In this quest, the pre‐breeding disciplines “classical mode” and its recently surfaced “modified sense” are pivotal, where within the former facet “tissue culture” (TC)/artificial culturing is embodied integrally. Taken for granted, TC has been the backbone of all wide hybridization studies and has made an enormous impact on the agricultural landscape spanning over the last six decades. With its intervention significant generic and specific incompatibilities have been overcome as well as allowing researchers to exploit the protocols for adding efficiency to breeding programs, facilitate operational technologies in running breeding programs and development of unique genetic stocks that preserve valuable allelic richness in user friendly forms for future free germplasmusage in global/private domains of plant improvement ventures.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 89-140, 2017 (June)