scholarly journals Mindsets Set in Concrete? Exploring the Perspectives of Domestic Travellers on New Zealand’s (Auto-)Mobility Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7646
Author(s):  
Maria Juschten ◽  
Shannon Page ◽  
Helen Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Classical Mode ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Tourism trips in New Zealand are strongly car-dominated. Research suggests that such car use practices do not only emerge from purely rational economic considerations but also result from symbolic and affective motives, institutionalized mobility cultures, and habitualized mobility practices that have developed and materialized in spatial structures over decades. This paper explores the notion of automobility and its influence on the domestic tourism mobilities of Christchurch residents. It does so by applying Q methodology, an inherently mixed method that involves participants structuring statements by their level of agreement, followed by a range of qualitative post-sorting questions. The statements draw on insights from the study of tourism mobilities, mobility cultures and classical mode choice research, allowing this study to provide novel insights into the under-researched field of urban–rural tourism mobility. The juxtaposition of quantitative Q and the qualitative interview results reveals influential factors at the personal, interpersonal, societal/political and infrastructural level. The results then feed into a conceptualisation of influential factors of tourism mobility choices using an embedded, interlinked structure that captures the dynamics of social interactions (i.e., feedback-loops). Policy implications are discussed with regards to possible sustainability pathways in line with New Zealand’s decarbonisation strategy.

RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED?

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAZHARUL ISLAM ◽  
KAZI MD ABUL KALAM AZAD
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Urban Rural

SummaryThis paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children’s survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999–2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural–urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant–native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. Like childhood mortality rates, rural–urban migrants seem to be moderately disadvantaged by economic status compared with their urban native counterparts. Within the urban areas, the child survival status is even worse among the migrant poor than among the average urban poor, especially recent migrants. This poor–non-poor differential in childhood mortality is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The study findings indicate that rapid growth of the urban population in recent years due to rural-to-urban migration, coupled with higher risk of mortality among migrant’s children, may be considered as one of the major explanations for slower decline in under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh, thus diminishing urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality in Bangladesh. The study demonstrates that housing conditions and access to safe drinking water and hygienic toilet facilities are the most critical determinants of child survival in urban areas, even after controlling for migration status. The findings of the study may have important policy implications for urban planning, highlighting the need to target migrant groups and the urban poor within urban areas in the provision of health care services.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Equity Return Correlations between China’s Pairs of A- and B-Share Markets: Effect of QFII’s Implementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Jung-Lieh Hsiao ◽  
Teng-Tsai Tu ◽  
Mei-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Market Sentiment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Return

This paper was intended to examine factors influencing the correlations between A- and B-shares of individual firms, and explore the effects of Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor’s (QFII) implementation on correlations. The empirical results show that interest rate differential, relative turnover rate, relative return volatility, and market sentiment had impacts on correlation both before and after the QFII’s implementation. After its implementation, correlations became more sensitive to premium, relative turnover rate and market sentiment. Furthermore, the estimated constant term for overall market correlation became more negative (raw values from -0.3413 to -0.8815), indicating an increasing correlation between A- and B-shares’ returns. The policy implications are that much benefit of diversification into emerging markets such as paired A-and B-shares can be accomplished, together with taking several influential factors into account.

scholarly journals The Spending Responses to Adverse Health Shocks: Evidence from a Panel of Colombian Households

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin Cortes ◽  
Andrés Gallegos ◽  
Jorge Perez Perez
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

We analyze the effect of adverse health shocks on households' different expenditure shares using a difference in differences approach. We find that households engage in substitution between health and food spending in response to the negative health shocks. We find substantial heterogeneity in this trade-off between current and future health mediated by access to social protection, job contract type, and location (urban-rural). Households from rural areas, with heads holding informal jobs, and without access to safety nets, are more vulnerable than others. We discuss several policy implications.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mixed Method of the Effect of Dating Status on Sexual Behavior in Adolescents Grade XI at SMAXYZ Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Relevancis Krista Zagoto ◽  
Mangatas Silaen ◽  
Ivansri Marsaulina Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Sexual behavior is any behavior that is driven by sexual desire, whether done alone, with the opposite sex or of the same sex, from feeling attracted, dating, flirting, and having sex. Dating status and sexual behavior are closely related. The increasing age of dating adolescents has an impact on increasing opportunities for sexual behavior. This study aimed to analyze the effect of dating status on sexual behavior in Grade XI at SMA XYZ Medan in 2020.This research was mixed method. The population was 413 adolescents, the sample used accidental sampling technique. For quantitative, there are 80 teenagers, including 39 boys and 41 girls. And 6 qualitative informants including teenagers who are dating, peers and teachers. Quantitative data were analyzed by using statistical tests with univariate, bivariate and triangulation. The results showed that the cross-tabulation value of the effect of dating status on sexual behavior in adolescents was p (0.000) <α (.05). There was an effect of dating status on sexual behavior in adolescents. Based on the qualitative results, the key informants stated that they were dating and had committed various sexual behaviors with their boyfriends, while the supporting informants, namely peers, stated that they were close friends with the key informants, knew the dating status and had seen sexual behavior carried out by the key informants.The conclusion that sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA XYZ was found. It is hoped that adolescents will maintain a friendly environment in social interactions and be more active in positive activities, so that unbeneficial activities such as those related to dating and sexual behavior can be avoided.

scholarly journals Adoption Model of Falcataria-Based Farm Forestry: A Duration Analysis Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Modeling Framework

Integrating perennial plant, such as Falcataria moluccana, in farming system can provide economic and environmental benefits, especially in marginal areas. Indonesian governments at all levels have been employing a number of efforts to speed-up adoption of tree planting on farm.  However, the establishment of farm forestry on private land in Indonesia, especially in Java, is widely varied.  While the farm forestry in some locations has been well adopted, the farmers or land users in other location are reluctant to adopt them, although the traits of farmers and farm land in both locations are similar. Most adoption studies have employed cross-sectional data in a static discrete choice modeling framework to analyze why some farmers adopt at a certain point in time.  The static approach does not consider the dynamic environment in which the adoption decision is made and thus does not incorporate speed of adoption.  The information of adoption speed of an innovation is important in designing extension policies as well as reengineering innovations in order to align with socio-economic conditions of the farmers.  Based on data from a survey of a random sample of 117 smallholder households in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, this study investigated determinants of time to adoption of farm forestry using duration analysis. Results revealed that factors that accelerate the adoption varied include age of household head, level of education of household head, off-farm employment and output price. Older farmers tend to adopt faster than the younger farmers. The other interesting findings are that off-farm employment and membership to farmers group are two most influential factors in speeding-up adoption of Falcataria-based farm forestry. The policy implications of this research are that government should design policies that promote farmers’ participation in off-farm income activities and strengthening farmer groups in addition to extension services and timber markets. 

Costs and Benefits of Urbanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-78
Author(s):  
Kala S. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Urban Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Urbanization has both benefits and costs. This chapter summarizes research findings on how urbanization enhances productivity and economic growth in both rural and urban sectors, taking the case of India. It studies the relationship between urbanization and growth. Based on extensive data analyses of urbanization, it finds no impact of urban–rural inequalities on urbanization, but significant impact on the population of the largest city in the state. When accounting for the two-way relationship between urbanization and the rural–urban income ratio, it finds that urbanization increases urban–rural inequalities initially, but at higher levels reduces them. Urbanization benefits rural development since the chapter finds that it has a positive impact on increasing the rural–urban income ratio, and the evidence regarding remittances. Policy implications regarding telecommuting and investments in urban infrastructure are summarized. Lessons from India and the People’s Republic of China for each other’s urbanization are discussed.

scholarly journals Towards Lower-Carbon Indian Agricultural Development: An Experiment in Multi-criteria Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Harriss-White ◽  
Alfred Gathorne-Hardy ◽  
Gilbert Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Lower Carbon

Agricultural development research and policy has to address climate change. Against the mainstream focus on adaptation, this article reports on public policy implications for climate change mitigation of a project measuring environmental, social and economic aspects of India’s rice economy: greenhouse gases (GHGs), energy and water; the quantity and quality of work and a systematic analysis of market and social costs and returns. A detailed life cycle assessment of GHG production generates four different kinds of technological possibilities helping the transition towards lower-carbon agriculture: rain-fed rice production (RR), System of Rice Intensification (SRI), solar pumps (SPs) and halving transmission and distribution (T&D) losses in the electricity grid. Through quantitative ranking and qualitative discursive analysis, a new method, multi-criteria mapping (MCM), is trialled in which the benefits of alternatives are evaluated by incommensurable criteria. These are costs, employment and GHGs. This experimental application crosses two languages (English and Tamil), compares participants with expert knowledge (EKs) with agrarian participants with situated knowledge (SKs), and explores the influence of identity (urban-rural, gender, and education).

scholarly journals Determinants of the Quality of Life Among Elderly: Comparison Between China and India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona Ghosh ◽  
Soumyananda Dinda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
India And China ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The article attempts to understand the role of various determinants of quality of life (QoL) in two different demographic and cultural contexts—India and China. Along with appropriate model identification, the study discusses the role of influential factors of the QoL of elderly individuals of the demographic giants. Findings confirm the multifactorial nature of QoL and suggest that all of the determinants do not identically influence QoL at different levels. It has been found that socio-economic factors have a stronger influence on QoL, in both the countries, than the physiological indicators. Perception regarding QoL of elderly people, in two cultural contexts, does not deviate substantially, except for gender, lower level of education, observed health measures and formal social cohesion. The analysis suggests important policy implications.

scholarly journals ‘Be good, know the rules’: Children’s perspectives on starting school and self-regulation

Childhood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailbhe Booth ◽  
Christine O’Farrelly ◽  
Eilis Hennessy ◽  
Orla Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Disadvantaged Area ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Children’S Conceptions ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

Despite the importance of self-regulation for school readiness and success across the lifespan, little is known about children’s conceptions of this important ability. Using mixed-method interviews, this research examined kindergarten children’s (n = 57) perspectives on self-regulation in a disadvantaged area in Dublin, Ireland. Children depicted school as requiring regulation of their emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. They characterised school as a dynamic setting, placing emphasis on the regulatory challenges of the outdoor environment. Children also described difficulties associated with navigating complex social interactions, often without assistance from external supports. The results inform strategies to support children’s emerging self-regulation abilities.

Labour-Market Theory, Quantification, and Policy

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Pinch
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This paper contains a consideration of the relationships between social theory, quantification, and policy in the context of changing local labour markets. It is argued that different theories have different policy implications which cannot be resolved by quantitative analysis because these various theories embody differing methodological assumptions. There is, however, a common low level of agreement over certain possible changes and tendencies in social systems and these can be probed by quantitative studies.

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