The Politics of International Freshwater Resources

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bernauer ◽  
Anna Kalbhenn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Water

Freshwater is one of the most valuable natural resources on Earth. However, many of the more easily accessible freshwater resources at local and regional levels have suffered from overexploitation due to increasing population density, economic activity, and unsustainable water management practices. Sustainable management of domestic water resources is a challenging task mainly due to water allocation, pollution, and other problems on international rivers. Social science research has contributed in a variety of ways to identifying sources of international conflict and cooperation, water management options, and institutional solutions for achieving sustainable international water management. The scholarly literature has tackled a wide range of crucial questions arising from the politics of international freshwater resources, such as: whether there is sufficient evidence for the “water wars” claim—that is, whether water-related factors influence the probability of armed conflict; the determinants of international river basin cooperation, in terms of policy output and policy outcome or impact; how we can determine whether international water management efforts are successful in terms of solving problems that motivate cooperation; and the extent to which the literature offer insights into institutional design options that are effective in terms of problem solving. These studies have produced a considerable amount of policy-relevant analytical concepts and empirical findings. For example, fairness (equity) is one of the key concerns of all governments when they engage in international water cooperation, and integrated water resources management may look nice on paper but does usually not produce the desired results.

Water Management Practices: Use Patterns, Related Factors, and Correlations With Irrigated Acres

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefan Nian ◽  
Qiuqiong Huang ◽  
Kent F. Kovacs ◽  
Christopher Henry ◽  
Jason Krutz
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Use Patterns

Nature-based solutions for urban resilience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Andrea Gadnert ◽  
Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Global Population

<p>Nature-based solutions have the potential to provide a wide range of essential ecosystem services as well as water management goals. As the majority of the global population lives in cities, NBS for addressing water management in urban areas is of great importance. Despite the recent advances and growing experiences with the implementation of NBS, there is still below 1% of the total investment in water resource management infrastructure that is dedicated to NBS in urban areas? One of the current obstacles for implementation is the lack of knowledge, data and information about the design and implementation of NBS for water management. Although there has been a growing interest in NBS in recent years, there are still a large need for a comprehensive evidence based on the effectiveness of NBS. Therefore, there is also a need for monitoring both the process of implementing NBS as well as the outcomes, including the final benefits of the NBS<strong>, </strong>how the NBS is perceived and how it responds to the challenge for which it was implemented.  The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of nature-based solutions (NBS) for urban resilience in particular for water management in different climate zones, focusing on cities that have worked or are planning to work extensively with NBS. This study explores which opportunities and barriers current regulatory frameworks and management practices imply and how the former can be reaped and the latter overcome, for implementation of effective NBS. The study focuses on the analysis of available data bases of NBS in different cities This study also creates an inventory of indicators used to assess the NBS effectiveness, covering a range of social, economic and technical aspects.</p>

scholarly journals Contemporary Water Management Issues in Thailand in Comparative Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Alin Chintraruck
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Management Issues

Water management is a complex and multifarious issue that joins together a wide range of different problems and approaches. Since water is essential to human life, governments must make efforts to ensure that everyone receives the water necessary but, at the same time, they have to wrestle with the fact that water is a scarce resource that must be priced for consumption under conditions of constantly increasing demand from cities, industry, agriculture and tourism. Examination of three case studies, Australia, Singapore and Japan, indicates that contemporary water management issue may be considered in a number of categories and analysis has taken place on four such categories. These are global climate change, disaster mitigation, political and legal modernization and allocation of water resources. The case studies inform the discussion of water management practices and prospects for Thailand and it is shown that the country is progressing towards the examples represented by the more developed and advanced countries insofar as it is ever possible to import a water management solution into the very specific geographical, hydrological, social, political and cultural conditions in effect in a specific location.

scholarly journals Smart Water Management Framework Berbasis IoT Untuk Mendukung Pertanian Urban

Petir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yan Mitha Djaksana
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
Large Populations

Related to water resources is one of the problems that often occurs in certain areas that have large populations such as urban areas, in addition to having to provide water that is used for daily activities, today many urban residents live in urban hardships, so an alternative is needed in providing resources water that must be purchased in daily necessities, in this paper we proposed a framework for support urban farming that we called the smart water management system by utilizing the IoT (Internet of Thinks) technology specifically sensors and machine learning algorithms in managing available water resources. many researchers have developed a similar model, but the framework model that we proposed using reuse water and filtered rainwater so that it meets the minimum quality requirements of water that can be reused in agriculture, so we hopes to make domestic water use more effective and efficient and predictable water consumption and availability.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Framework for Olive Farms Profit Prediction

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3461
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Christias ◽  
Mariana Mocanu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Learning Framework

Agricultural systems are constantly stressed due to higher demands for products. Consequently, water resources consumed on irrigation are increased. In combination with the climatic change, those are major obstacles to maintaining sustainable development, especially in a semi-arid land. This paper presents an end-to-end Machine Learning framework for predicting the potential profit from olive farms. The objective is to estimate the optimal economic gain while preserving water resources on irrigation by considering various related factors such as climatic conditions, crop management practices, soil characteristics, and crop yield. The case study focuses on olive tree farms located on the Hellenic Island of Crete. Real data from the farms and the weather in the area will be used. The target is to build a framework that will preprocess input data, compare the results among a group of Machine Learning algorithms and propose the best-predicted value of economic profit. Various aspects during this process will be thoroughly examined such as the bias-variance tradeoff and the problem of overfitting, data transforms, feature engineering and selection, ensemble methods as well as pursuing optimal resampling towards better model accuracy. Results indicated that through data preprocessing and resampling, Machine Learning algorithms performance is enhanced. Ultimately, prediction accuracy and reliability are greatly improved compared to algorithms’ performances without the framework’s operation.

scholarly journals Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Nittaya Cha-un ◽  
Amnat Chidthaisong ◽  
Kazuyuki Yagi ◽  
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH4 emissions while rice grain yield is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate appropriate options of fertilizer and water management practices for Thai rice cultivation with regards to improving rice grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions. The Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate grain yield and the emission of CH4 under the three fertilizer options (chemical fertilizer (F), manure (M) and chemical fertilizer + manure (F + M)) with three water management options (continuous flooding (CF), mid-season drainage (MD) and alternate wet and dry (AWD)) during the years 2011–2050. Rain-fed and irrigated rice cropping systems were used. A total of 24 sites distributed in 22 provinces were studied. The data sets of daily climate, soil properties, and rice management practices were required as inputs in the model. Model validation with observation data in a field experiment indicated that simulated grain yields (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.98, NRMES = 0.30) and cumulative seasonal CH4 emissions (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.74, NRMES = 0.43) were significantly and positively correlated with the observation. At the end of the simulation period (2046–2050), fertilizer management options of F and F + M gave more grain yield than the M management option by 1–44% in rain-fed rice cropping and 104–190% in irrigated rice cropping system, respectively. Among options, the lower CH4 emissions were found in AWD water management options. The appropriate options with regard to maintaining grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions in the long term were suggested to be F + M with AWD for the rain-fed rice, and F with AWD for the irrigated rice cropping systems.

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for the Impact of Climate Change and Variation in the Water Management Sector of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bhabishya Khaniya ◽  
Miyuru B. Gunathilake ◽  
Upaka Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The climate of Sri Lanka has been fluctuating at an alarming rate during the recent past. These changes are reported to have pronounced impacts on the livelihoods of the people in the country. Water is central to the sustainable functioning of ecosystems and wellbeing of mankind. It is evident that pronounced variations in the climate will negatively impact the availability and the quality of water resources. The ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approach has proved to be an effective strategy to address the impact of climate change on water resources in many parts of the world. The key aim of this paper is to elaborate the wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs in field level, watershed scale, and urban and coastal environments in the context of Sri Lanka. In addition, this paper discusses the benefits of utilizing EbA solutions over grey infrastructure-based solutions to address the issues related to water management. The wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs can be broadly classified into three categories: water supply regulation, water quality regulation, and moderation of extreme events. This paper recommends the utilization of EbAs over grey infrastructure-based solutions in adaptation to climate change in the water management sector for the developing region due its cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness, and multiple benefits received on long-term scales. The findings of this study will unequivocally contribute to filling existing knowledge and research gaps in the context of EbAs to future climate change in Sri Lanka. The suggestions and opinions of this study can be taken into account by decision makers and water resources planning agencies for future planning of actions related to climate change adaptation in Sri Lanka.

Water Quality Legislation and Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Siti Hafizan Hassan ◽  
Azhar Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Global Concern

The legal and institutional framework, as well as the challenges and issues in water resources management, serves as the basis for the formulation of a policy framework that seeks to improve water resources management practices in the future. Recently, water resources has become a global concern, especially for urban environments such as Malaysia, whose economy could potentially be adversely affected. To address these issues, the authors have reviewed several laws, including the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Crude Palm Oil) Regulations 1977, Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Raw Natural Rubber) Regulations 1978, and Environment Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulation 1979. Legal issues under the constitutional framework water management have also been reviewed. Exploring this topic generates an overview water management implementation in the context of Malaysia.

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