4. Living: here and there

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Philip N. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

What it means to live in poverty depends on where in the world you are. Developed countries have their own brand of poverty that differs qualitatively from that in the developing world. ‘Living: here and there’ compares and contrasts five dimensions of life that underpin our notion of well-being: family structure, health, education, assets (financial and non-financial), and the environment. The focus is on qualitative characteristics that seem to persist over time, although some data are included in order to provide broader context. The consequences of family structure, health, education, assets, and the environment often manifest themselves in the labour market.

Thinking Systemically About Security and Resilience in an Era of Cybered Conflict

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Peter Dombrowski ◽  
Chris C. Demchak
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Civil Societies

The international system now depends on cyberspace, a global ‘substrate' of massive, complex, insecurely designed networks providing systemic advantages to masses of predators and adversaries. States today face an unprecedented spectrum of ‘cybered conflict' between peace and war with growing existential implications. Their piecemeal searches for defensible jurisdictions are creating a rising Cyber Westphalian world crisscrossed with gateways, holes, national cyber forces, and often partial, uncoordinated, or vague strategies. Over time, the world will have robust, midlevel, and poor cyber powers, with the first tier coercing the others and dominating the rules of exchange. Democratic civil societies are not guaranteed to be robust. For acceptable future societal well-being in a deceptive and opaque cybered world, decision-makers need a systemic approach based on the logic of complex socio-technical-economic systems (STES) to create the systemic resilience and disruption capacities across shareable (across allies/sectors) secure architectures essential to becoming a robust cyber power, which is the focus of this chapter.

Using Information Technology to Spread Awareness about Communicable Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. 543-559
Author(s):  
Twiesha Vachhrajani ◽  
Lavanya Rao ◽  
H. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Over Time

Over time, changes in lifestyles, surroundings, and presence of parasites in the developed and developing world has resulted in new strains of various communicable diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. Even though the global average of diseases may be quite low, the concentration in certain countries is much higher. In developed countries, information technology has proved to be an indispensable tool to spread awareness regarding these communicable diseases; however, most developing countries lack the infrastructure needed to use these same resources to educate people about the prevention, symptoms, and treatment available. This chapter makes the following contributions: first, it outlines some of the critical challenges regarding the spread of communicable diseases. It then identifies and summarizes the various information systems strategies used in developed and developing countries. The conclusion ties these together and offers suggestions to further curb the spread of communicable diseases in developing countries.

scholarly journals Education for Sustainable Development as Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Lou E. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Keywords Education

The World Health Organization (2003) stated that there is growing evidence that changes in the global climate will have profound effects on the well-being of citizens in countries throughout the world. The “business as usual” frame of mind in dealing with this phenomenon is no longer feasible. Rather, there is a great need for a “sense of urgency” to empower and actively involve every individual to adapt and to mitigate the worsening of climate change. A great number of studies show that the leadership of the educational system in developed countries for more than 2 decades has been successful in promoting environmental sustainability. Some of these studies are reviewed and documented in this paper so that vulnerable countries may learn and benchmark from their experiences. Keywords - Education, sustainable development, climate change

Happiness for All?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Graham
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Pursuit Of Happiness ◽  
Poor Whites ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Job Instability

The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in America today? How about elsewhere in the world? This book draws on cutting-edge research linking income inequality with well-being to show how the widening prosperity gap has led to rising inequality in people's beliefs, hopes, and aspirations. For the United States and other developed countries, the high costs of being poor are most evident not in material deprivation but rather in stress, insecurity, and lack of hope. The result is an optimism gap between rich and poor that, if left unchecked, could lead to an increasingly divided society. The book reveals how people who do not believe in their own futures are unlikely to invest in them, and how the consequences can range from job instability and poor education to greater mortality rates, failed marriages, and higher rates of incarceration. The book explains why the least optimistic people in America are poor whites, not poor blacks or Hispanics. This book highlights the importance of well-being measures in identifying and monitoring trends in life satisfaction and optimism—and misery and despair—and demonstrates how hope and happiness can lead to improved economic outcomes.

Climate Change and Supply Chain Operations

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-126
Author(s):  
Costas P. Pappis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

In the previous chapter 3 the focus of the presentation has been on the implications of climate change, as felt globally, for the environment and human societies in developing as well as in developed countries. As noticed there, the Stern Review’s conclusion that “climate change will have increasingly severe impacts on people around the world, with a growing risk of abrupt and large-scale changes at higher temperatures” (Stern Review, 2006) is shared by most scientists and governments. The Review warns that “a warmer world with a more intense water cycle and rising sea levels will influence many key determinants of wealth and well-being, including water supply, food production, human health, availability of land, and the environment” (Stern Review, p. 84).

Trajectories of students’ well-being in secondary education in Germany and differences by social background

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Herke ◽  
Katharina Rathmann ◽  
Matthias Richter
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Type ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important indicator of quality of life, but prior research mostly analyzed adolescents’ subjective well-being in cross-sectional studies. There is a lack of studies examining changes in subjective well-being throughout adolescence using longitudinal panel data. This study examined trajectories of subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany throughout secondary education and differences by socioeconomic position, gender and family structure. Methods We use the German National Educational Panel Study and combine data from annual survey waves of two of its cohorts. These were first surveyed in 2010 and cover 5th to 10th and 9th to 12th grade level. Using growth curve modelling based on multilevel models, differences in levels and trajectories of subjective well-being overall and differentiated by school type, parental education, household income, gender and family structure were identified. The analyses include 34 504 observations of 12 564 students. Results Subjective well-being decreased from 5th to 12th grade. Students attending lower track schools showed lower subjective well-being, but also a lesser decrease over time. Students living in low-income households or in single-parent or step-families showed lower subjective well-being. Female students showed higher subjective well-being than males in 5th grade, but also a higher decrease over time, leading to lower subjective well-being than males by 12th grade. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive picture of subjective well-being throughout secondary education. Adolescents’ subjective well-being is linked to social factors regarding family and living conditions as well as school features. Overall, disadvantaged adolescents experience longer periods of lower subjective well-being, thus accumulating the effects of worse psychosocial health opportunities over time.

scholarly journals Can It Be Both Economically and Morally Rewarding to Invest in Developing Countries?

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Development Objectives

This paper argues that investing in developing countries can be both economically and morally very rewarding. It firstly shows that historically capital invested in developing countries has obtained higher returns than invested in developed countries. It secondly argues that there is also a moral case for investing in developing countries. It would accelerate economic development in the poorer areas of the world, thereby promoting global development. It finally suggests that the socially responsible investment (SRI)initiative could be broadened to incorporate development objectives more explicitly, thereby serving as a conduit to more investment to the developing world.

scholarly journals Computational Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence in the Developing World

AI Magazine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Quinn ◽  
Vanessa Frias-Martinez ◽  
Lakshminarayan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Computational Sustainability ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Management

The developing regions of the world contain most of the human population and the planet's natural resources, and hence are particularly important to the study of sustainability. Despite some difficult problems in such places, a period of enormous technology-driven change has created new opportunities to address poor management of resources and improve human well-being.

scholarly journals Strategies for Establishing Astronomy in Developing Countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-889
Author(s):  
Mazlan Othman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic

Developing countries have their own particular political, economic and cultural circumstances. There are, therefore, no unique solutions. However there are some factors which are common to all or most of them, namely the lack of human and financial resources and in most cases an absence of a political commitment to the advancement of science. Such situations are in a sense not peculiar to developing nations because in some developed countries astronomy has a ‘developing’ status. Even in countries where astronomy is well established, the commitment and allocations required to maintain the status quo need to be continuously addressed. Hence strategies for fighting this “constant battle” are relevant to all astronomers of the world, while being especially vital to those in the developing world.

scholarly journals The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Shelton H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of the World Bank policy on indigenous people. In 1982, the World Bank issued a brief operational policy statement which outlined procedures for protecting the rights of so-called “tribal people” in Bank-financed development projects. Experience has shown, the World Bank directive stated, “that, unless special measures are adopted, tribal people are more likely to be harmed than helped by development projects that are intended for beneficiaries other than themselves. Therefore, whenever tribal peoples may be affected, the design of projects should include measures or components necessary to safeguard their interests, and, whenever feasible, to enhance their well-being.” This protectionist approach emerged from the Bank’s experiences primarily in Latin America where there are well-rooted historical and legal antecedents. Over time, however, the Bank’s approach has evolved to reflect the diversity of indigenous cultures, with more of an emphasis on informed engagement and expanding access to benefits from development rather than on protection alone.

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