Development: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Subject

What do we mean by development? How can citizens, governments, and the international community foster development? The process by which nations escape poverty and achieve economic and social progress has been the subject of extensive examination for hundreds of years. The notion of development itself has evolved from an original preoccupation with incomes and economic growth to a much broader understanding of development. Development: A Very Short Introduction considers the contributions that education, health, gender, equity, and other dimensions of human well-being make to development, and discusses why it is also necessary to include the role of institutions and the rule of law as well as sustainability and environmental concerns.

COMMENTS ON THE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON SOCIAL PROGRESS, CHAPTERS 9 AND 14: INEQUALITY, DEMOCRACY AND THE RULE OF LAW

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469
Author(s):  
Alina Rocha Menocal
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Panel ◽  
The World

Over the past 30 years, the world has experienced a profound transformation, becoming both more open and more prosperous. Whereas in 1985 more than half of the countries worldwide were under authoritarian rule, most countries today are considered electoral democracies (Economist Intelligence Unit 2017). Since 1990, more than a billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty (World Bank 2016), while well-being indicators have improved dramatically on a global level, especially in terms of health and education (International Idea 2017).

scholarly journals Has Albania's Economic Development Stalled? Investigating the Role of Institutional Factors in Albania's Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Myslym Osmani ◽  
Kledi Kodra ◽  
Drini Salko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Per Capita

This study focuses on the institutional factors of Albania's economic development, from a comparative, dynamic, and regional European perspective. We use longitudinal data for the years 2002, 2014, and 2019 and a small selection of 13 countries in the region and some EU member states. Descriptive statistics, graphical representation, and econometric modeling are used for data analysis. The purpose of the study is to discuss, in real and comparative terms with the region and beyond, the economic growth of Albania based on the GDP per capita indicator, as well as to identify and evaluate dynamically the role of institutions in the country's development through important institutional factors, such as the effectiveness of government, rule of law, corruption, etc. The analysis shows that Albania's economic performance is weakover the last two decades. This is reflected in the insufficient relative growth of GDP per capita, the small increase in per capita income, and especially in the low increase in income for every 1% of relative growth. In these indicators, Albania continues to be consistently in the lowest positions in the region and beyond. The study highlights the strong link between economic growth and the effectiveness of government, the rule of law, and weak control over corruption. Improving corruption control by one unit in the range (-2.5 to 2.5) is expected to improve GDP per capita by an average of about 2.2 times. Improving the rule of law by one point is expected to improve GDP per capita on average by about 2.4 times. The country's sluggish economic performance is mainly attributed to weak institutions.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

The settlement of disputes of a constitutional nature: inside the Romanian Constitutional Court s rulings on the role and competences of the public authorities

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
TUDOREL TOADER
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes

The separation and balance of State powers constitute the basis of the rule of law. Observance of this principle requires framing of public authorities within the limits of competence established by the Constitution and the law, as well as loyal cooperation between them. From this perspective, the attribution of the constitutional courts for settling legal disputes of a constitutional nature is an important tool for correcting the tendencies of violation of these limits, as well as for identifying solutions for situations that do not find an explicit regulation in the constitutional texts. The present study analyses the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Romania in the field of legal disputes of a constitutional nature, revealing, together with the presentation of dispute situations, the vulnerabilities of the constitutional reference texts. It is also highlighted the role of the constitutional courts in the evolution of constitutional law institutions. The conclusion of the study, beyond the subject of legal disputes of a constitutional nature, bears on the necessity, even more so in this matter, of the certainty of jurisdictional interpretation. This certainty cannot be achieved as long as the interpretation is not authoritative; consequently, the assurance of the effectiveness of constitutional justice constitute a key issue of the rule of law.

Tracking the Law and Development Continuum through Multiple Intersections

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Ordor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Law ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Intersections

AbstractIdeas expressed as law and development theories have sought to connect law and development by creating a framework within which the role of law in development may be better understood and perhaps even packaged as a kit to be recommended to governments as a way of advancing development. Over the years, thoughts on law and development have crystallised around various concepts such as economic growth, the rule of law, the empowerment of the poor and the growth of institutions. One thing that stands out clearly from these debates is that while there may be a measure of consensus around particular theses or propositions, unanimity among all thinkers, scholars and actors is not likely to follow, nor is it necessarily desirable. This paper draws out threads of thought that present various positions as facets of the law and development dynamic and at the same time, progressive points on the multi-dimensional development continuum. The first section on the progression of law and development summarises a number of themes at the forefront of law and development theorisation over the years. Reflections on these developments follow in the second segment, while a third segment describes various contexts for engaging with law and development studies. This segment, which leads into the conclusion, highlights some key dimensions of law and development thought that need to be further explored and given a place in the taxonomy of law and development scholarship.

Governance quality and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamic panel model

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amsalu Bedemo Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe main objective of this article is to analyze the role of governance quality in influencing the economic growth of 22 selected Sub-Saharan African Countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study applied the panel dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to analyze the data obtained from the World Bank database over the period from 2002 to 2020.FindingsThe overall finding indicated that the composite governance index has a positive significant effect on the economic growth of the countries; where a unit improvement in the aggregate governance index leads to a 3.05% increase in GDP. The disaggregated result has shown that corruption control and government effectiveness have a negative significant effect on growth performance, whereas, the rule of law and regulatory quality showed a positive significant effect. Political stability and voice and accountability have an insignificant effect on economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitations, this study could not address the whole members of Sub Sahara African Countries and could not see the causal relationship.Practical implicationsThe study suggested a strong commitment to the implementation of policy and reform measures on all governance factors. This may add to the need to devise participatory corruption control mechanisms; to closely look at the proper implementation of policies and reforms that constitute the government effectiveness factors, and properly implement the rule of law at all levels of the government with a strong commitment to realizing it so that citizens at all levels can have full confidence in and abide by the rules of society.Originality/valueEven though there are some studies conducted using conventional methods of panel data analysis such as random effect or fixed effects, this empirical study used more advanced panel dynamic generalized moment of methods to examine the role of improvement in governance quality on economic growth.

scholarly journals Is “Public Interest” a Conceptual Category of Contemporary Polish Procedural Criminal Law?

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Hanna Paluszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Prosecutors

This study aims at presenting conceptual category named “public interest” under the Polish procedural criminal law. The concept of “public interest”, which is the subject of this analysis, is treated as an indefinite term, functioning as a general clause, whose the task of which is to render a legal text more “flexible” by referring to a set of values outside of the system. The term “public interest” is no longer used in the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The legislator still uses many other general clauses, including the “social interest” clause. The analysis of cases in which this clause is used shows that, in fact, these two conceptual categories may not be equated, should not be used interchangeably, and are not synonymous. Although the term “public interest” is no longer a statutory term under the Code of Criminal Procedure, given the fact that it expresses values such as respect for the law and the rule of law, it should be assumed that by proper shaping of the criminal trial model and ensuring that entities performing the role of public interest advocates participate in it, these values are – at least potentially – protected. State prosecutors, in their capacity of public interest advocates and in order to properly discharge their duty to uphold the rule of law, should maintain organizational independence and procedural impartiality.

scholarly journals Education and Development: Efforts to Measure Human Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318
Author(s):  
Adalat Muradov, Yadulla Hasanli, Fargana Musayeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Impact

It is evident from research on economic and social progress that economic growth does not always lead to social progress but, in some cases, leads to increased socio-political tension, social inequality and poverty. Even having increased production of aggregate product on background, the state of the population is deteriorating and economic growth does not provide for a fair distribution of income. A new approach to the concept of economic development began in the global economy in the late XX century. According to these approaches, economic growth cannot be considered as the main purpose and the indicator of development. In addition to economic growth, there are a number of indicators and their mutual relationship promote human development and well-being. This article examines the correlation between indicators characterizing the welfare of the population and economic growth, comparing the position of Azerbaijan in the accounts of international economic organizations on the relevant indicators. The authors did a comparative analysis with other countries, the impact of human development on people's incomes and the role of education in the wellbeing of the population.

scholarly journals The Council of Europe Activity for Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Chyc
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Subject

<p>The article is devoted to issues related to the activities of the Council of Europe for culture. The aim of the study was to show that the Council of Europe is an important international organization. The author analyzed the literature on the subject devoted to the Council of Europe, and characterized the legal achievements of this organization and its activities in the field of culture. Initiatives and cultural projects of the Council of Europe were discussed. A thesis has been put forward that the Council of Europe is a significant international organization which protects the cultural heritage of Europe. The functions of the Council of Europe and its importance as an organization operating in the field of culture, as well as guarding the acquis communautaire and principles based on the rule of law, democracy and respect for human rights, were analyzed. The article is a synthetic presentation of the role of the Council of Europe in the international arena. It presents, i.a., the ongoing discussion about the crisis of international organizations and shows the significant importance of the Council of Europe in shaping appropriate international relations in Europe.</p>

Reaktualisasi Proses Penyidikan oleh Kepolisian Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dan Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Ira Alia Maerani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Times

Abstract                Indonesian Criminal Justice System consists of the police, public prosecutor and the courts. The role of the police investigators is certainly vital as the frontline in building public confidence in the rule of law in Indonesia. The role of the investigator is quite important in realizing society’s  justice. The era of globalization requires a pattern fast-paced, instant, measurable, and transparent of life and it requires investigators to follow the times by optimizing the use of technology. The aim of this study is to give effect to the rule of law in Indonesia that provides fairness, expediency and certainty. However, it considers to have priority of Pancasila values in the process of inquiry and investigation. The values of supreme divinity, God (religious), humanity, unity, democracy and justice are values that establish a balance (harmony) in enforcing the law. Law and its implementation can create product which meets the demands for social justice. This paper will examine the role of the investigator according to positive law currently in force as well as the role of investigator in implementing the values of Pancasila, accompanied by optimizing the use of technology. Keywords: Re-actualizing, Investigation, Police, values of Pancasila, Technology   AbstrakSistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia meliputi institusi kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan pengadilan. Peran penyidik dalam institusi kepolisian tentunya amat vital sebagai garda terdepan dalam membangun kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Peran penyidik amat besar dalam terwujudnya keadilan di masyarakat. Era globalisasi yang menuntut pola kehidupan yang serba cepat, instan, terukur, dan transparan menuntut penyidik untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan teknologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan arti bagi penegakan hukum di Indonesia yakni memberikan keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian. Namun yang harus diperhatikan adalah mengutamakan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam melakukan proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Nilai-nilai ketuhanan yang maha esa (religius), kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan dan keadilan merupakan nilai-nilai yang membangun keseimbangan (harmoni) dalam menegakkan hukum. Sehingga produk hukum dan pelaksanaannya memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang peran penyidik menurut hukum positif yang saat ini berlaku serta peran penyidik dalam mengimplementasikan  nilai-nilai Pancasila dengan diiringi optimalisasi pemanfaatan teknologi.Kata Kunci: Reaktualisasi,Penyidikan,Kepolisian,Nilai-nilai Pancasila,Teknologi

Gender Equity and the SDGs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dettori ◽  
Geeta Rao Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter identifies some of the most stubborn gender-based risks and vulnerabilities girls face as a cohort from preadolescence through late adolescence across the domains of personal capabilities, security, safety, economic resources, and opportunities. It reviews progress made during the Millennium Development Goal era in improving girls’ health and well-being and looks to the role of adolescent girls in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals. The chapter concludes by recommending an approach for global partnership that is linked to national and local actions and that is centered on priority interventions that can catalyze change, at scale, for adolescent girls.

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