2. Openings

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
First Person ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Great Economy

‘Openings’ examines the openings of short stories, which move swiftly to introduce subject, event, and motivation, using techniques of speech, viewpoint, description, situation, and timing. Awareness that closure and resolution have been built into the conception of the story from its start brings an expectation of great economy in plotting and characterization. Classic short stories of the 19th century favoured a third-person narrator in order to create the impression of a window onto life. The strategy cultivates the illusion of knowledge, reaching into the interior of characters as well as seeing their appearance. First-person narrators also pose an interesting perspective as they offer authentic psychological exploration of character.

Reconstructing the discoveries of Alan Rowe at Cyrene

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Copland Thorn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
First Person ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
The 19Th Century

Alan Rowe excavated on four campaigns in the Cyrene necropoleis from 1952–1957, but his final publications were incomplete and misleading, and the original records were apparently lost prior to his death in 1968. This is an account of the attempt to re-assess what he found, and of the project to present his discoveries in a more useful form.The importance of Rowe's work is that he was the first person to make an extensive archaeological study of the monuments and tombs of the four necropoleis of Cyrene. His predecessors in the 19th century limited their activities to a few individual tombs mainly around Wadi Haleg Shaloof and Wadi Bel Gadir. The first archaeological excavation this century, undertaken by Richard Norton in 1911 on the western slope of Wadi Haleg Shaloof (Norton 1911, 160), its extent unmatched until Rowe's campaigns forty years later, received only preliminary publication and the material found is mainly lost. The only other archaeological work undertaken in the necropoleis was by Oliverio in 1925 on Tomb N.1, whose artifacts are also now lost, and by Burton Brown who excavated two sarcophagi and a Roman burial in 1947 on the slopes of the Northern Necropolis; the artifacts discovered then have not been seen since publication (Burton Brown 1948, 148–152 figs. I–II). After Rowe's campaigns, Professor Beschi excavated two tombs in 1963 (Beschi 1972, 150–168, 186–196). There has been some survey since, but no formal excavation.

scholarly journals Mateship and egalitarianism in Henry Lawson’s short stories

Gragoatá ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (45) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Déborah Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Special Model ◽  
Benedict Anderson ◽  
Australian Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Australian Literature

Mateship is an important element of the so-called “Australian Tradition” in literature. It consists of a particular bond between men who travel the rural areas known as “the bush” or “the outback”. This article examines some of Henry Lawson’s mateship stories, with a focus on the different connotations that the term can assume for the author, especially regarding the theme of egalitarianism. It considers how the Bulletin Magazine, which “discovered” Lawson and published many of his stories, had a role in fostering a special model of Australian democracy and a peculiar style for Australian literature. It also reflects on how the dissemination of Lawson’s stories through periodicals in the last decades of the 19th century helped create a feeling of what Benedict Anderson calls “nation-ness”.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MATESHIP E IGUALITARISMO NOS CONTOS DE HENRY LAWSONMateship é um elemento importante da chamada “Tradição Australiana” na literatura. Refere-se a um vínculo especial entre homens que percorrem as áreas rurais conhecidas na Austrália como “the bush” ou “the outback”.  Este artigo examina alguns dos contos de Henry Lawson que trazem esse elemento, com ênfase especial nas diferentes conotações que o termo pode assumir para o autor, especialmente com relação à temática do igualitarismo. O artigo considera como o periódico Bulletin, o qual “descobriu” Lawson e publicou vários de seus contos, foi relevante para a promoção de um modelo particular de democracia na Austrália e um estilo característico para a literatura local. O artigo também reflete sobre como a disseminação dos contos de Lawson por meio de periódicos na última década do século XIX contribuiu para a criação do que Benedict Anderson chama de “nation-ness”.---Artigo em inglês.

Pidgin as the style in Russian prose of Harbin (“Gamblers” by P.V. Shkurkin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Lin Guanqiong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents a linguopoetic analysis of ethnographic short stories which compiled the cycle “Gamblers” (1926) by the Russian writer of the Harbin emigration P.V. Shkurkin. The Far Eastern Russian-Chinese pidgin is one of the brightest and richest pidgin branches of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, widespread in the cultural and commercial exchanges. As a sinologist, Shkurkin actively used pidginized vocabulary instead of Russian equivalent words and phrases in “Gamblers”. The subject of this study is the Far Eastern Russian-Chinese pidgin in “Gamblers” as the characteristic of the ethnoculture of the Chinese-Russian border zone. The work also researches the vocabulary that reflected the impressions of Chinese about Russians. Shkurkin’s narrative style is characterized by the combination of pidgin and Chinese phraseological units. In addition, the author of “Gamblers” resorted to vocabulary of European languages which is specific to the Chinese population of the 1910–1920s. It is shown that in the Shkurkin’s short stories the language image is created. It is proved that pidgin is relevant to ethnographic prose, the image of the speech culture of the Chinese and Russian emigrants. The motivated use of pidgin by Shkurkin in the combination with other narrative lexical tricks contributed to the creation of a real appearance of China in the first decades of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Le handicap au risque de l’amour Un combat incertain contre les représentations sociales du xixe siècle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique MARTY
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Club Foot ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comedie Humaine ◽  
Mild Disability ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Through two works taken from Balzac's Comédie humaine (César Birotteau and Modeste Mignon) our study seeks to demonstrate the power of ostracization of social representations against deviant bodies in the 19th century in Western societies. We question the tolerance scale for mild disability, the club-foot, in two parts, and then in the face of a deformity considered to be monstrous, that of a hunchbacked dwarf. If the first person with a disability manages to marry his sweetheart, he owes it to its intact validity, to a share of luck afforded by the novelist, but above all to the force of money! We will find this character in the Human comedy. The second only exists for the duration of the novel. Faced with the one he loves and the reader, he shines with the intelligence and sensitivity bestowed by the narrator. For happiness, he will have to be content to be the true craftsman of the one whom the one he loves aims for, without sharing it, because a monster, even bright and full of humor, remains a monster.

scholarly journals The Dissemination of Žemaitė’s Literary Fiction in the Education System in 1905–1914

Literatūra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Ramunė Bleizgienė
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The article describes the syllabi of Lithuanian language subject for public and private schools prepared in 1905-1914 for the developing modern Lithuanian education system with the aim to determine the extent of representation of Žemaitė’s literary fiction. Referring to previous works by V. Pupšys, V. Pukienė, M. Karčiauskienė, A. Piročkinas and analysis of their sources, 9 syllabi of Lithuanian language and their recommended textbooks have been described in this article. The analysis has shown that Žemaitė first established herself in the Lithuanian education system as the author of the textbook Rinkinėlis vaikams, first published in 1904 and intended for primary schools. Žemaitė emerges as the author of short stories and a co-author of dramas for the first time in 1912 in the syllabus published by J. Kairiūkštis. The attention allocated to her and the list of her works is the same as for the majority of other fiction authors of the time. In 1912 M. Biržiška’s project of the Lithuanian language syllabus Žemaitė is referred to as one of the four women prose writers of the end of the 19th century among G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Šatrijos Ragana, and Lazdynų Pelėda.

scholarly journals O popular e o erudito: a música nos contos de Machado de Assis

Scriptorium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Valdemar Valente Junior
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Musical Creation

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar elementos referentes à criação musical do século XIX na obra de Machado de Assis. Para esse fim, escolhemos os contos “O machete”, “Um homem célebre” e “Cantiga de esponsais”, que abordam a presença da música a partir de leituras distintas que têm em comum o aprofundamento de conflitos, em vista da música como elemento subjetivo capaz de mover as paixões interiores e instigar os instintos humanos. Além disso, esses três contos cumprem com extrema correção o papel de determinar os espaços referentes à música em suas vertentes popular e erudita, corporificando um tempo em que a indústria cultural e os meios de reprodução técnica ainda não tinham se manifestado em sua configuração definitiva. *** The popular and the erudite: the music in the tales of Machado de Assis ***This article aims to identify elements related to the musical creation of the 19th century in the work of Machado de Assis. To that end, we chose the short stories “O machete”, “Um homem célebre” and “Cantiga de esponsais”, which deal with the presence of music from different approaches that have in common the deepening of conflicts, in view of music as an element subjective ability to move the inner passions and instigate human instincts. Moreover, these three tales fulfill with extreme correctness the role of determining the spaces concerning music in its popular and scholarly aspects, embodying a time in which the cultural industry and the means of technical reproduction had not yet manifested itself in its definitive configuration.Keywords: musical creation; social relationships; narrative.

scholarly journals Syntactic characteristics of final etiquette formulas in the Russian epistolary of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(257) (75) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
A. Podopryhora
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
First Person ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The syntactic structure of the final etiquette formulas in letters (FEF) is analyzed on the basis of the Russian epistolary of the 19th century. It is shown that FEF are diverse in structure, but they are often simple sentences. Typical for FEF is the inclusion of the addressee's self-nomination in the role of the subject; the use of verbs in the first person, indicating the addressee and implementing the textual category of dialogization. Also, FEF in letters are represented by complex sentences of different types, complex syntactic constructions, and overphrasal unities

scholarly journals „Góra szczęścia” Jonasa Biliũnasa

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Krystyna Syrnicka
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Fine Weather ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Hill

 Jonas Biliūnas’ “Mountain of Happiness” The oeuvre of Jonas Biliūnas 1879–1907 marks the birth of Lithuanian lyrical psychological prose, which was influenced by the modernist ideas of relativism. His works brought into the Lithuanian canon of realist story the motifs of transitoriness of human existence, fragility of life, sadness. Biliūnas was the first Lithuanian writer who was professionally prepared for his trade. He studied literature and related disciplines at universities in Switzerland, which gradually became a centre of Lithuanian intelligentsia already in the 19th century. The short stories written at that time indicated the writer’s maturing talent. The Alps played asignificant role in Biliūnas’ life; this is where in 1904–1907 he wrote his best works, three of which are thematically associated with the mountains: the literary sketch Fine Weather on the Uetliberg Ant Uetlibergo giedra!, the short story Snowstorm in the Mountains Pūga kalnuose and the allegorical tale The Beacon of Happiness Laimės žiburys — one of the most important works written in Zurich. A serious illness prevented the writer from fully developing his talent. On 8 December 1907 he died at the age of 28 in his wife’s arms in asanatorium in Zakopane. He was buried in Pęksowy Brzysk. Thanks to the efforts of the Lithuanian writer Antanas Vienuolis Biliūnas’ remains were brought back to Lithuania, where he was laid to rest on ahill in Liudiškiai, near Anykščiai. In 1958 a monument called “Beacon of happiness” was erected on Biliūnas’ grave. The hill with the mo­nument became asymbol the meaning of which is expressed in the tale The Beacon of Happiness. Today some people climb the hill to honour the writer’s memory, while others — believing in its sacred nature — hope that it will bring them happiness.

scholarly journals Le silence des fous chez Zola et Maupassant

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Anna Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The 19Th Century

It is difficult to define all the meanings and connotations of silence depicted in literary works. In the 19th century, where the Realism and the Naturalism paid much attention to the study of both physical and mental illnesses, silence was considered as one of the distinctive signs of madness. The paper analyzes four examples of this phenomenon in selected Zola’s and Maupassant’s texts (novels and short stories) whose characters, all mad or maniac, embody various aspects of the silence regarded as a pathological condition of a human being.

scholarly journals Sociopoétique du jeu de cartes dans la nouvelle du xixe siècle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon AMANDIO ◽  
◽  
Sébastien WIT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Jules Barbey D'aurevilly ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century is inhabited by the demon of the game. Games were the subject of press articles and technical works (treatises, reviews, manuals) were dedicated to them. Literature was not left out either, whether in France or in the rest of Europe. In this article, we propose to make our contribution to the sociopoetic analysis of the game and the toy through the study of the specific case of the literary representation of the card game in two short stories: "La Dame de pique" ("Пиковая дама", 1834) by Alexander Pushkin, and "Le Dessous de cartes d’une partie de whist" (1850) by Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly. Apart from their generic affiliation and their link with the world of playing cards (explicit from the title), the two short stories are similar in terms of the core of their plot (a murder against the background of a card game) but also in terms of the supernatural features that are scattered throughout them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document