4. Making lives better

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
James Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Prevention is better than cure, so a large amount of veterinary science involves trying to work out what causes diseases, in order to tackle those contributory factors and thus stop the disease process earlier in its tracks. ‘Making lives better’ explains that most diseases are not brought about by a single root cause, but are caused by a combination of different factors. Disease prevention is aided by ensuring that animals get the right care to keep them healthy, through providing clean living conditions, vaccination, and a healthy diet, as well as treating the causes of diseases before they get bad enough to represent major problems.

Finding the Right Problems: Some HREM Applications to Interfaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
D. Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Better Than

The use of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the atomic structure of grain boundaries and interfaces is a topic of great current interest. Grain boundary structure has been considered for many years as central to an understanding of the mechanical and transport properties of materials. Some more recent attention has focussed on the atomic structures of metalsemiconductor interfaces which are believed to control electrical properties of contacts. The atomic structures of interfaces in semiconductor or metal multilayers is an area of growing interest for understanding the unusual electrical or mechanical properties which these new materials possess. However, although the point-to-point resolutions of currently available HREMs, ∼2-3Å, appear sufficient to solve many of these problems, few atomic models of grain boundaries and interfaces have been derived. Moreover, with a new generation of 300-400kV instruments promising resolutions in the 1.6-2.0 Å range, and resolutions better than 1.5Å expected from specialist instruments, it is an appropriate time to consider the usefulness of HREM for interface studies.

Biomechanical characteristics of allogeneic cortical bone pins designed for fracture fixation

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
M. R. Edwards ◽  
S. P. James ◽  
W. S. Dernell ◽  
R. J. Scott ◽  
A. M. Bachand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Left Tibia ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biomechanical Comparison ◽  
Better Than

SummaryThe biomechanical characteristics of 1.2 mm diameter allogeneic cortical bone pins harvested from the canine tibia were evaluated and compared to 1.1 mm diameter stainless steel pins and 1.3 mm diameter polydioxanone (PDS) pins using impact testing and four-point bending. The biomechanical performance of allogeneic cortical bone pins using impact testing was uniform with no significant differences between sites, side, and gender. In four-point bending, cortical bone pins harvested from the left tibia (204.8 ± 77.4 N/mm) were significantly stiffer than the right tibia (123.7 ± 54.4 N/mm, P=0.0001). The site of bone pin harvest also had a significant effect on stiffness, but this was dependent on interactions with gender and side. Site C in male dogs had the highest mean stiffness in the left tibia (224.4 ± 40.4 N/mm), but lowest stiffness in the right tibia (84.9 ± 24.2 N/mm). Site A in female dogs had the highest mean stiffness in the left tibia (344.9 ± 117.4 N/mm), but lowest stiffness in the right tibia (60.8 ± 3.7 N/mm). The raw and adjusted bending properties of 1.2 mm cortical bone pins were significantly better than 1.3 mm PDS pins, but significantly worse than 1.1 mm stainless steel pins (P<0.0001). In conclusion, cortical bone pins may be suitable as an implant for fracture fixation based on initial biomechanical comparison to stainless steel and PDS pins used in clinical practice.

Healthcare apps on smartphones available in Brazil: a preliminary classification (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Faria Pereira Neto ◽  
Leticia Barbosa ◽  
Rodolfo Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Care Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Applications

UNSTRUCTURED Billions of people in the world own a smartphone. It is a low-cost, portable computing device with countless features, among which applications stand out, which are programs or software developed to meet a specific goal. A wide range of applications available ranging from entertainment and personal organization to work and education is available currently. It is a vast and profitable market. Health applications have been a means of intervention for different areas, including chronic diseases, epidemics, and health emergencies. A recently published paper in the journal with the highest impact factor in Digital Health (“Journal of Medical Internet Research”) proposes a classification of health applications. This study performs a critical analysis of this organization and presents other sort criteria. This paper also presents and analyzes the “Meu Info Saúde” (“My Health Info”) app – a pioneering government initiative focused on primary care launched by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The application classification proposal that will be presented builds on the intervention strategies in the health-disease process, namely: “Health Promotion”, “Disease Prevention” and “Care, Treatment and Rehabilitation”, as defined by official documents such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most applications present in the sample are of private and foreign origin, free to download, but with a display of ads or the sale of products and services. The sampled applications were classified as “Health Promotion”, and some applications have also been categorized as “Disease Prevention” or “Care, Treatment or Rehabilitation” because they have multiple functionalities. The applications identified as “Health Promotion” focused only on individuals’ lifestyle and their increased autonomy and self-care management capacity. From this perspective, the apps analyzed in this paper differ from the “Meu Info-Saúde” application developed at Fiocruz.

scholarly journals Skill and strategic control

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Fridland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis paper provides an account of the strategic control involved in skilled action. When I discuss strategic control, I have in mind the practical goals, plans, and strategies that skilled agents use in order to specify, structure, and organize their skilled actions, which they have learned through practice. The idea is that skilled agents are better than novices not only at implementing the intentions that they have but also at forming the right intentions. More specifically, skilled agents are able formulate and modify, adjust and adapt their practical intentions in ways that are appropriate, effective, and flexible given their overall goals. Further, to specify the kind of action plans that are involved in strategic control, I’ll rely on empirical evidence concerning mental practice and mental imagery from sports psychology as well as evidence highlighting the systematic differences in the cognitive representations of skills between experts and non-experts. I’ll claim that, together, this evidence suggests that the intentions that structure skilled actions are practical and not theoretical, that is, that they are perceptual and motor and not abstract, amodal, or linguistic. Importantly, despite their grounded nature, these plans are still personal-level, deliberate, rational states. That is, the practical intentions used to specify and structure skilled actions are best conceived of as higher-order, motor-modal structures, which can be manipulated and used by the agent for the purpose of reasoning, deliberation, decision-making and, of course, the actual online structuring and organizing of action.

The Right to Be Right: Civil-Military Relations and the Iraq Surge Decision

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Feaver
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
President Bush ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
Better Than

President George W. Bush's Iraq surge decision in late 2006 is an interesting case for civil-military relations theory, in particular, the debate between professional supremacists and civilian supremacists over how much to defer to the military on decisions during war. The professional supremacists argue that the primary problem for civil-military relations during war is ensuring the military an adequate voice and keeping civilians from micromanaging and mismanaging matters. Civilian supremacists, in contrast, argue that the primary problem is ensuring that well-informed civilian strategic guidance is authoritatively directing key decisions, even when the military disagrees with that direction. A close reading of the available evidence—both in published accounts and in new, not-for-attribution interviews with the key players—shows that the surge decision vindicates neither camp. If President Bush had followed the professional supremacists, there would have been no surge because his key military commanders were recommending against that option. If Bush had followed the civilian supremacists to the letter, however, there might have been a revolt of the generals, causing the domestic political props under the surge to collapse. Instead, Bush's hybrid approach worked better than either ideal type would have.

scholarly journals When brain damage “improves” perception: neglect patients can localize motion-shifted probes better than controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 3351-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania de Vito ◽  
Marine Lunven ◽  
Clémence Bourlon ◽  
Christophe Duret ◽  
Patrick Cavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Position Shift ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

When we look at bars flashed against a moving background, we see them displaced in the direction of the upcoming motion (flash-grab illusion). It is still debated whether these motion-induced position shifts are low-level, reflexive consequences of stimulus motion or high-level compensation engaged only when the stimulus is tracked with attention. To investigate whether attention is a causal factor for this striking illusory position shift, we evaluated the flash-grab illusion in six patients with damaged attentional networks in the right hemisphere and signs of left visual neglect and six age-matched controls. With stimuli in the top, right, and bottom visual fields, neglect patients experienced the same amount of illusion as controls. However, patients showed no significant shift when the test was presented in their left hemifield, despite having equally precise judgments. Thus, paradoxically, neglect patients perceived the position of the flash more veridically in their neglected hemifield. These results suggest that impaired attentional processes can reduce the interaction between a moving background and a superimposed stationary flash, and indicate that attention is a critical factor in generating the illusory motion-induced shifts of location.

Effectiveness of Educational Communication in Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice to Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Prevention of Mother Having Children Under 5 Years Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Educational Communication ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Hand Foot Mouth Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease that mainly occurs in children under five years old. Vietnam is a developing country with high prevalence of the disease outbreak every year. Can Tho City, Co Do District had the highest incidence of children under five years old acquired HFMD. Objective: 1) To determine the factors correlating with knowledge, attitude, and practice in HFMD prevention of mothers having children under five years old, and 2) to evaluate the alteration in knowledge, attitude, and practice in prevention HFMD of mothers having children under five years old after intervention with health educational communication. Materials and Methods: Community intervention study was done in 420 subjects. At first, all the participants would do the questionnaire and practicing assessment. Then, the participants were divided into two groups, the intervened group for educational communication, and the control group with no intervention. The intervention included three steps, 1) training knowledge and skills for medical staffs and collaborators, 2) providing information about HFMD for the mothers, 3) broadcasting information leaflets to the subjects’ house every month. The assessment in awareness, attitude, and practice would be performed again after one month. The present study staff achieved approval from the Science and Educating Council of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. In addition, the present study also received the agreement from The People’s Committee of Co Do District. Results: The present study results shows that 23.3% of mothers had the right knowledge, 50.5% of mothers had the right attitude, and 17.4% of mothers with children under five years of age had the right disease prevention practice. There was an association between education level of mothers with children under five years of age with knowledge, attitude, and practice in disease prevention. After intervention, knowledge of the mothers in the intervened group improved more than 2.79 times, right attitude more than 2.84 times, and practice improvement more than 1.83 times in compared with the control group. Conclusion: Educational communication plays an important role in HFMD disease prevention through increasing the awareness, opinion, and disease prevention of the mothers who directly take care of the under five years old children. Keywords: Hand-foot-mouth disease; Knowledge; Attitudes; Practices; Effective intervention

scholarly journals Peace Education in India: Possibilities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1-Dec2020) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Anu Chandran ◽  
P Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Peace Education ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Education In India ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

Peace education is an emerging field of study that has attained full acceptance in many countries, and is on its way towards development in many other parts of the world. The world is becoming more of an unsafe place to live in. There are threats in many forms against survival. Peace has become devoid in the day to day lives of people in all spheres of society, culture, politics and economics. Therefore it is essential to impart knowledge about peace and reconciliation post conflict, as that would help build a nonviolent approach towards conflict, and encourage to develop skills and values promoting reconciliation, and nonviolence. Once the right knowledge, skills and values are transmitted, transformation begins as people understand the root cause of conflicts and explore ways to address the challenges. Peace education is both educating on the peace content as well as educating for peace. The paper discusses the objectives of peace education and how it can be implemented as an effectualacademic discourse either by integrating it within the curriculum or through extramural activities. It also looks into the challenges and possibilities of a higher learning that shapes the mind and spirit of the learners as much as their intellect.

scholarly journals 2D IPO's for Constant Speed Lines, Curves, NURBS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valere Huypens
Keyword(s):  
Major Axis ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Reference Pulse ◽  
Production Manager ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Better Than

<div>Current constant speed IPO's, usually, use Sampled-data IPO's and constant speed lines use the </div><div>wrong initialized software DDA-ipo's, which make these IPO's unusable. The Bresenham- and </div><div>midpoint IPO's are non-constant speed reference pulse IPO's with bounded inaccuracy.</div><div>By adding an ultra-fast 3-lines algorithm "PRM-cs" to the actual midpoint or Bresenham algorithms, </div><div>we convert these midpoint-ipo's to very fast, constant speed, reference pulse IPO's. </div><div>This applies to 2D-lines, 3D-lines, 2D-curves and 2D-NURBS.</div><div>The PRM-cs measures, in real-time, the length of the discrete curve and the PRM-cs is completely new. </div><div>We define the best IPO, the major axis principle and the LSD-priority. </div><div>The major axis principle holds for the actual 3D-line IPO's. These IPO's are, generally, inaccurate, </div><div>but they can be updated to constant speed 3D-line IPO's, when the production manager agrees.</div><div>The Digital Geometric Geometry (DAG) defines the discrete lines globally, but this global </div><div>definition of a discrete 3D-line, gives discrete 3D-lines whose accuracy is much less than the </div><div>accuracy of the best discrete 3D-lines (e.g. 37% worse).</div><div>We describe the three causes of the inaccurate (imperfect) discrete 3D-lines. </div><div>All existing pulse-rate or PRM-ipo's use a wrong initialization, which deteriorates the accuracy. </div><div>We determine the right initialization for the new PRM-cs and the updated PRM-ipo. </div><div>We propose the benchmark-ipo "listSIM-ipo". This constant speed IPO can, also, be used in real-</div><div>time for every 2D- and 3D-curve. </div><div>The 3rd-degree Trident NURB shows that the constant speed reference pulse method is much </div><div>better than the existing sampled-data methods.</div>

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