Suplemen Calcitriol Dosis Tinggi Mencegah Osteoporosis dan Memicu Urolitiasis pada Tikus Ovariektomi

Calcitriol supplementation in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks reduce osteoporosis risk and safe for kidney depend a proper dose. The objective of the research was to study the efectivity of high dose calcitriol for osteoporosis prevention and safe for kidney in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Fifteen female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups of five which were sham operated rats (KN), ovariectomized rats (KOV), and ovariectomized rats+calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day (OVD200). After 8 weeks of treatment, blood samples were taken from plexus orbitalis medialis for estrogen analysis. All rats were then euthanized, left tibia and left kidney were taken for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Immunohistochemistry using anti TRAP5b monoclonal antibody was also done for left tibia by streptavidin-biotin. The results showed that estradiol level of KOV was significantly decreased compared with KN (P<0.05), meanwhile, estradiol levels of OVD200 were not significantly different compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in KOV was not different compared with KN. Glomerulus was surrounded by Bowman‘s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubulus were lined with typical cuboidal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry result of proximal tibial epiphysis in KOV were shown more tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression in trabecular bone, which was located in bone marrow space, and trabecular speculum surface as well. Meanwhile, proximal tibia epiphysis in OVD200 had less tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of proximal tibia epiphysis in group OVD200 was shown more trabecular bone speculum and less adipocyte in the bone marrow compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in OVD200 was showed glomerular hypertrophy and atrophy, as well as protein deposits in proximal convoluted tubules epithelium. In conclusion, calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks prevented osteoporosis risk but trigger urolithiasis. Key words : : Calcitriol, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rats, urolithiasis

Colorectal cancer with first known case of simultaneous bilateral tibial metastases

The most common osseous metastatic regions for colorectal cancer are the lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the pelvis. There are few reported cases of isolated solitary tibial metastasis, and simultaneous bilateral solitary tibial metastases in colorectal cancer are even rarer. A 62-year-old female patient was admitted to our inpatient clinic 3 years after receiving initial chemotherapy for a rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis. The patient complained of left leg pain. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3- × 3-cm mass in the right proximal tibia and a 2- × 7-cm mass in the middle third of the left tibia; both were highly suggestive of bone metastases. Bilateral tibial metastases were confirmed after tumor excision and prophylactic open reduction and internal fixation. The postoperative course was relatively uneventful. Colorectal cancer with bone metastases is uncommon, and most metastases are found at a single site in an extremity. We believe this is the first published case of simultaneous bilateral tibial metastases in a patient with colorectal cancer.

Evaluasi Radiografi terhadap Kepadatan Tulang Hasil Implan Scaffold 3D Bifasik Kalsium Fosfat Alginat pada Domba Lokal (Ovis aries)

This study aims to; 1) evaluate the osteogenesis ability of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP)-alginate 70/30 based on chages in size of defect and relative bone density, 2) implant response tissue based on relative muscle density peri implant. The BCP used in this study made from hydroxyapatite (HA) 70, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 30 and alginate as porogen. The implant material made in 3D form and have diameter porous 200-400 ìm which similar size with the bone trabecula. This study used three local sheep (Ovis aries) male 1.5 years old, weight average 20 kg. The implant material is grown on the right sheep tibia. As a control, the left tibia is made defective with no implantable material. Evaluate osteogenesis and implant tissue responses using radiography and assess the grey values of a particular area. Osteogenesis is also assessed based on the size of the defect. Based on the size of the defect, the right defect shows no significant value. The size of the left defect shows a significant value between day 0 and day 30, and 90. The relative bone density of the right defect shows a significant value between day 7 and 30. In the left defect, the relative bone density shows the significant between 0 and 90. The relative density of the muscle does not show significant values either on the right or left defects.

Towards Machine Learning-Based Detection of Running-Induced Fatigue in Real-World Scenarios: Evaluation of IMU Sensor Configurations to Reduce Intrusiveness

Physical fatigue is a recurrent problem in running that negatively affects performance and leads to an increased risk of being injured. Identification and management of fatigue helps reducing such negative effects, but is presently commonly based on subjective fatigue measurements. Inertial sensors can record movement data continuously, allowing recording for long durations and extensive amounts of data. Here we aimed to assess if inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to distinguish between fatigue levels during an outdoor run with a machine learning classification algorithm trained on IMU-derived biomechanical features, and what is the optimal configuration to do so. Eight runners ran 13 laps of 400 m on an athletic track at a constant speed with 8 IMUs attached to their body (feet, tibias, thighs, pelvis, and sternum). Three segments were extracted from the run: laps 2–4 (no fatigue condition, Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) = 6.0 ± 0.0); laps 8–10 (mild fatigue condition, RPE = 11.7 ± 2.0); laps 11–13 (heavy fatigue condition, RPE = 14.2 ± 3.0), run directly after a fatiguing protocol (progressive increase of speed until RPE ≥ 16) that followed lap 10. A random forest classification algorithm was trained with selected features from the 400 m moving average of the IMU-derived accelerations, angular velocities, and joint angles. A leave-one-subject-out cross validation was performed to assess the optimal combination of IMU locations to detect fatigue and selected sensor configurations were considered. The left tibia was the most recurrent sensor location, resulting in accuracies ranging between 0.761 (single left tibia location) and 0.905 (all IMU locations). These findings contribute toward a balanced choice between higher accuracy and lower intrusiveness in the development of IMU-based fatigue detection devices in running.

A new record of Paramylodon harlani (Owen 1840) (Xenarthra, Pilosa, Mylodontidae) from the late Pleistocene of Valsequillo, Puebla, with comments on its paleobiogeography and paleoecology in Mexico

Paramylodon harlani was a large ground sloth recorded across North America, from Canada to Mexico. In Mexico, it is known from several late Pleistocene localities, but most of these records just mention the taxon in passing and few specimens have been described or illustrated. In this work, we describe a left tibia from the Valsequillo Basin, Puebla state. Its morphology and measurements allowed us to identify it as Paramylodon harlani, adding a new record for Mexico. In Mexico, P. harlani occurred mainly in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, central Mexico, with some records in the north and southeastern part of the country. Most localities are located between 1500 to 2000 m.a.s.l. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic inference in some localities of Mexico where P. harlani occurred, showed heterogenous vegetation dominated by grasslands, and agree with the preferred habitat proposed for this species based on localities in the United States. This indicates that P. harlani could inhabit different environments, from grasslands to more wooded areas, and this adaptation allowed it to extend its range from the north to the southeast of Mexico.

The TRPA1 Channel Mediates Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Bone Cancer Pain Model

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) significantly affects patient quality of life, results in great bodily and emotional pain, and creates difficulties in follow-up treatment and normal life. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an essential transduction ion channel related to neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, the role of TRPA1 in BCP remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TRPA1 and BCP.Methods: A BCP model was induced by Walker256 cells to the left tibia. The sham group was induced by normal saline to the left tibia. Thereafter, pain behaviors and TRPA1 expression between the BCP group and the sham group were observed on the 14th day of modeling. The TRPA1 antagonist A967079 (10 mg/kg) was injected via tail vein. TRPA1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN, 5 nmol/10 μl) and missense oligodeoxynucleotide (MS-ODN, 5 nmol/10 μl) were intrathecally delivered via a mini-osmotic pump for 5 consecutive days to assess the effect of TRPA1 on BCP. Behavioral tests were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to measure TRPA1 levels among the different groups.Results: The BCP model was successfully established via X-ray and pathological sections at 14 days. Compared to the sham group, the BCP group was more sensitive to mechanical stimuli, cool stimuli and hot stimuli. Intravenously injected A967079 can relieve paw mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency in rats with BCP. Moreover, AS-ODN can relieve paw mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency in rats with BCP. Additionally, relative mRNA and protein expression of TRPA1 in the BCP group were much higher than those in the sham group (14.55 ± 1.97 vs. 1 ± 0.04, P &lt; 0.01). Compared to the BCP group, the relative mRNA and protein expression of TRPA1 in the BCP+AS-ODN group was reduced (14.55 ± 1.97 vs. 2.59 ± 0.34, P &lt; 0.01).Conclusions: The TRPA1 channel mediates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat BCP model.

PROXIMAL END OF TIBIA: ITS MORPHOMERTY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Introduction: Knee joint is modified complex synovial joint perform wide range of three dimension movement. Arthritis of knee joint joint needs intervention as total knee arthroplasty and unicompartment knee arthroplasty commonly. This study provide useful data for those surgeries. In present study collected data on the morphometry of both tibiofemoral articulation play a unique role in conduction of body weight. Morphometry of tibial plateau is used to guide treatment and monitor outcome of total knee replacement. Measurements of tibia plateau are of immense help in designing tibial prosthesis. Aim: My study was aimed at analyzing Three different parameters of tibia were measured and their mean values were determined. Materials and Methods: In the present study,a total thirty, adult fully ossified dry tibia, unknown sex and without any deformity were collected from Department of Anatomy of Kanti Devi Medical College ,Mathura for evaluation .Took various parameter of superior end by using a Vernier caliper and rular. Result & Conclusion: The TTT area is greater in the right tibia when compared with the left tibia. The mean area of MTC of the right tibia is greater than the area of MTC of the left tibia, whereas the mean area of LTC of the right tibia is smaller than the area of LTC of the left tibia. This study will be useful for anatomist, forensic anthropologist and orthopedics in cases total knee arthroplasty, unicompartment knee arthroplasty and meniscal transplantation.

Morphometric Study of Height of Medial Malleolus of Fully Ossified Dry Human Left Tibia

Tibia is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates. The objective of this study was to determine the morphometry of the height of medial malleolus of fully ossified dry human left tibia and this morphometric parameter also clinically important in imaging diagnosis of fractures of the medial malleolus. This analytical type of study was done on two hundred (200) fully ossified dry human left tibia conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015 for a period of one year. From the result of the present study it can be concluded that the mean (±SD) value of height of medial malleolus of tibia was greater in male than that of female which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The results of this study will be useful for Orthopedic surgeons while making implants for the lower end of tibia.